Abstract
This paper presents a critical analysis of Thomas Madden's book, "The New Concise History of the Crusades." The paper discusses Madden's views and the seeming double standard he holds for Christian and Muslim civilization. The paper particularly focuses on the controvesial aspects of Madden's book and the statements that he makes that do not seem to be supported by fact.

From the Paper
"In seeing the past, we are more likely to see ourselves. The arguments and data Madden presents may be correct, but his negative view of Islam makes it impossible for him to view his subject in an objective light. Madden presents himself as a truth-teller of sorts, writing against previous and negative accounts of the crusades. However, it is difficult to disagree with many of the dissenting opinions to his own thesis that he cites in his text. It still seems likely that these wars for God had multiple hidden motivations and further contributed to the hatred that existed between the major faiths of the world."

Tags:violence, conquest, morality, murder

Abstract
This paper answers five questions based on Goldschmidt's history of the Middle East. The author, for example, when asked --- "How do you square the Muslim notion that they are governed by God (Allah), not man, with the military nature of virtually all of the Middle Eastern states?" --- answered that many Muslims believe Allah endorses their self-preservation at all costs; thus, their warlike nature is endorsed by their religious beliefs, and by necessity, and they continue in fighting today. The author concludes that as long as the Arab nations cannot accept one another and cannot accept the influence of other nations, Muslim or not, there will be continued strife in the area.

From the Paper
"Attempted reforms from the west were unsuccessful in the Ottoman and Persian empires for a variety of reasons. In the Ottoman Empire, reformers such as Russia were not the best choices to choose as allies. Russia had fought the Ottomans often, and when the Empire turned to Russia as a European protector, the Russian motives were certainly not in the Ottoman interests. The Ottoman pact with Russia also alienated other European countries that might have been better influences on Ottoman reforms. As the author notes, "Unfortunately, Britain's insistence on upholding Ottoman territorial integrity was on a collision course with Russia's attempt to win more influence in the Balkans. The crash was the Crimean War of 1853-1856" (Goldschmidt 152). There also was another vital influence from the European powers which doomed western reform. A proclamation was issued which guaranteed all Ottoman subjects equality; the Muslims did not want the Jews and Christians to share the same rights and status, and so the Muslims revolted. The reforms of the Ottoman Empire failed mostly because they chose the wrong ally, and the Europeans did not understand the culture and beliefs of the Muslim race, and so they tried to issue reforms that could not survive in the Muslim culture. "

Tags:war, self-preservation, russia, ottoman, persia

Abstract
This paper describes the content of the book and the author's attention to racial, political, and economic elements in that region's history. The author's main criticism is that the writer's omission of Latin American popular culture as a unifying element, though this is attended to in some of the newer material.

Abstract
This paper discusses how Romans sets out to describe the land to the reader and shows that this is his sole purpose. It analyzes Roman's thesis, which is that the region can be so described best by moving from east to west, and this is the approach he takes. The book describes the region of Florida, its flora and fauna and its geographical strong points.

From the Paper
"Romans opens his book with the statement that someone writing about a region should approach the mater the way an engineer would, by setting out the plans he will follow and by "directing my readers to the charts or plans accompanying it" (1). He first divides the peninsula up according to the weather prevailing in each section, finally concluding that West Florida and East Florida are virtually indistinguishable in terms of the weather. This is a "natural" history, and so Romans begins to detail the kind of flora and fauna found in the region, listing the trees that are found in different areas and the sort of terrain with which they are associated. Included among the animal life are the various Indian tribes, described according to their location and some of their habits of warfare, including taking slaves and scalps."

Tags:geography, flora, fauna

Abstract
This concise paper provides an overview of the evolution of society's definition and view of rape, and proposes that there is still a need for an overhaul in general social thinking concerning rape. Has society changed enough of its conception towards the legal, social, and personal factors that coincide with rape? The paper's answer is no. The paper opines that needed social changes include a broadened nationwide definition of rape, increased rape prevention education, and improved community response to rape survivors.

Outline:
Introduction
History
Definition of Rape
Rape Prevention Education
Improved Community Response
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first step in rape education should be the societal changes in respect to physical and emotional training that begin in child early years. Often times such training can lead girls to believe that they are physically and emotionally underdeveloped in regards to muscular development and stamina compared to boys. This can lead to severe problems as they reach adulthood. Females underestimate themselves in the ability to gauge their own bodies to resist sexual violence through self doubt. According to Gerdes, " ... self defense classes have become very popular on college campuses, and most schools offer awareness-raising programs on the role alcohol plays in a large percentage of sexual assaults" (2008, p. 84). Most female who do end up taking self-defense classes usually do so after they have been sexually assaulted. There need to be a change in perception of how one sees her own body and the ability to contribute to keeping it safe and knowledge of how to fight back. Women can still be caring, nurturing, accepting of others, but not to the detriment of their emotional and physical stability."

Tags:misogyny, rapist

Abstract
This paper offers a concise overview of religion and atheism and describes their interactions in both modern and ancient times. The paper asserts theories as to the function of religion in human society. The paper concludes that, based on evidence presented, one could safely and reasonably conclude that there is no one, all-powerful deity.

From the Paper
"Some people argue that centralized religion may also have created a way for unrelated individuals to live together peacefully. Up to this point, human beings had lived in small villages and bands in which everyone was related. However, a nation consists of thousands or millions of unrelated people, who without religion would be prone to enmity towards each other.(www.middle-ages.org)
"Throughout human history religion has advanced and changed to adapt to the times. For example, as the Middle Ages came about, Christianity became the only recognized religion in Europe.(www.middle-ages.org)"

Tags:creationism, atheist, agnostic

Abstract
This paper discusses Jerry Mander's book, "Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television." The paper specifically critiques the logic of Mander's offering using Patrick J. Hurley's book, "A Concise Introduction to Logic." It describes Hurley's discussions regarding the understanding of logic and then applies this to various sections of Mander's book.

From the Paper
"Before launching into his four arguments, Mander asks readers to believe (47) that the four are linked together because "they deal with aspects of television that are not reformable." So the reader is now set up to believe that notwithstanding the logic or lack of logic in the material to follow, there is no way out of this disastrous medium, and so the society is basically doomed, driven to its knees. Readers may as well learn why there is no way out. Indeed, in Mander's world, there is no light at the end of the tunnel - only the flickering light from the tube that the whole society is mesmerized by."

Tags:assumption, argument, evaluation

Abstract
This is a concise history of the French and Indian wars, along with a fairly detailed explanation for the reason of the wars, as well as viewpoints of the opposing forces involved. The author explains tactical maneuvers made by each side, as well as some biographical information on the major commanders involved in the battle.

From the Paper
"The French and Indian wars consist of several large battles that took place between the English and the French, mixed together as one, to be commonly referred to as the French and Indian Wars. The most famous of these battles is known as The French and Indian War, which lasted seven years, sometimes referred to as The Seven Years War. The first of these battles was King William's War, which spanned from 1688 to 1697. This battle consisted primarily of French attacks on the British frontiers and forts. Following this, was Queen Anne's War, from 1702 to 1713, which is connected with the War of Spanish Succession. King George's War took place between the years of 1744 and 1748. The last, and most predominate of these is the actual French and Indian War which occurred from 1754 to 1763."

Tags:america, british, history, military

Abstract
This paper traces the ordeal of Dr. Bearing, distinguished scholar of 17th-century metaphysical poetry, from her diagnosis of ovarian cancer through her treatment under the watchful eye of Dr. Kelekian, as depicted in Margaret Edson's play "Wit." This paper analyzes Edson's stage production which is rich with word play, inter-textual gestures and most importantly, with irony. "Wit" is built primarily on the complex ironies available through the dramatic strategy of role reversal. The writer of this brief yet concise paper details the plot and main characters of the play.

From the Paper
"This clearly delineated division in Donne's corpus of work reflects Dr. Bearing's own divided self. On the one hand a scholar of renown, she is a woman who has essentially turned away from her own body, relegating social life and personal relationships to a place of minor importance in her life. Without partner, lover, or even close friend, Bearing is, despite her claims to the contrary, negligent in her scholarship, unable and unwilling to even attempt to reconcile Dr. Donne (the spiritual) with John Donne. Ironic, too, is the fact that, in the end, the scholarly lover of the intensely spiritual poems is, like all patients in the ward, a prisoner of a body ravaged by cancer, a body that suffers and fails, and a body that can and does overwhelm even the strongest mind and strongest spirit."

Tags:theater, review, cancer, role, reversal

Abstract
"A coat of arms provides a concise means to make a statement about identity and purpose. The fleur de lis has multiple meanings that became increasingly enriched from the medieval period. It is this symbol which was chosen to represent the most significant values in nursing. The heart for example is the central feature of the fleur de lis and it is therefore a perfect way to represent the concept of caring, which is the essence of nursing. "

From the Paper
It doesn't seem that the abstract that is provided corresponds to the quote from the paper.

Business Ethics: the Case of HK&M Advertising Agency Introduction The following case analysis outlines a situation wherein a fledgling company is debating whether or not to adopt an advertising slogan that borders on dishonest advertising rather than mere "puffery" as one of its proponents argues. In particular, one of the company's loyal employees feels herself overcome with a sense that the company is "stepping over the line" and, as a result, compromising its ethical integrity along the way. This paper will review the situation and explore what kind of an organizational culture characterizes the organization and whether this organization fosters the sort of business ethics which can protect a corporation from its own worst human instincts. In the end, whether you agree with Betty's concerns

Tags:symbol, nursing, signify