Abstract
An examination of the breakdown of the relationship between Charles and the Long Parliament. An assessment of the impact of the Army Plot, the trial and execution of Strafford and Laud, and an appraisal of the importance of the Grand Remonstrance. The paper looks at the motives of both sides, what drove them, their beliefs and their aims. An answer to the question as to whether Charles could be trusted.

From the Paper
"There is an assumption in the question that Charles I did, in fact, attempt to reconcile himself with his Parliament in the period between the calling of the Short Parliament and the outbreak of the Civil War. An examination of his actions and policies will show that while he appeared on the surface to have acquiesced in most of the situations which caused a strain in the relationship between the Crown and Parliament, his primary intention was the restoration of what he considered to be the traditional hierarchy of government. His acts and concessions to Parliament were all, according to Anderson (Aspects of History), aimed at buying himself time until he could find himself in a position to hit back at those who had limited the royal prerogative. There is an alternative view, put forward by Royalist propagandists, that Charles acted in good faith and that the falling out of 1642 was primarily due to the position that Pym and his party had found themselves in. That position, one of consistent pressure for more and greater concessions from the King, meant that Charles was the injured party and was intent on rescuing his country from the illegal acts of his Parliament. This view, which we shall look at later, is not one which carried the majority of contemporary opinion with it, especially the opinions of those in London, who saw Charles' intentions as being hostile to good government and opposed to a return of the situation pre-1625."

Tags:chamber, grand, laud, long, money, parliament, pym, remonstrance, royalist, ship, star, strafford

Abstract
The paper relates that William Berkeley, one-time governor of Virginia, was notorious for taking a conciliatory approach to natives during his tenure in office; eventually, this caused dissension with many small property owners who, under the leadership of Nathaniel Bacon, rose up against the natives and - for all intents and purposes - against Berkeley himself. The paper looks briefly at Berkeley's Indian policy and how it impacted Bacon's Rebellion. The paper shows that Berkeley does not appear to have been a bad governor vis-a-vis native-white relations, but he may not have had the steel in his spine necessary to control the situation appropriately.

From the Paper
"William Berkeley, one-time governor of Virginia, was notorious for taking a conciliatory approach to natives during his tenure in office; eventually, this caused dissension with many small property owners who, under the leadership of Nathaniel Bacon, rose up against the natives and - for all intents and purposes - against Berkeley himself. The next few pages will look briefly at Berkeley's Indian policy and how it impacted Bacon's Rebellion. When all is said and done, Berkeley does not appear to have been a bad governor vis-a-vis native-white relations, but he may not have had the steel in his spine necessary to control the situation..."

Tags:indian, policy, bacon

Abstract
This paper explains that the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, during the height of the Cold War, was triggered when the USSR started building missile bases in Cuba, thus overtly threatening neighboring American cities. Next, the author relates that Kennedy's handlers were advising him to use full force against the Soviet Union, but, instead, he wisely chose to pursue a conciliatory course that involved compromises thus ensuring a peaceful resolution to this nuclear crisis. The paper concludes that John F Kennedy was effective in handling this crisis and goes into history as an American president who forestalled a third world war.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background information about the Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy's Handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Should Kennedy Have Used More Force than just a Blockade?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"United States of America had no plan in place because the country's intelligence had never thought that the USSR would install nuclear missiles in Cuba and the US strategists had five courses of action. The first was to ignore USSR's nuclear presence in Cuba while the second was the use of diplomatic pressure to influence USSR to remove missiles from Cuba. The other options were to attack the missiles, to invade Cuba or to impose a naval blockade. Two of the aforementioned options would have led to the development of full blown nuclear war. This would have happened if the US decided to destroy the military bases or invade Cuba. "

Tags:construction, nuclear warheads, diplomatic pressure, full scale attack, naval blockade

Abstract
This paper discusses a proposal for Toyota to participate in an Internet-based marketplace. The paper first discusses Toyota's strengths relative to its competitors and relates that by joining this online venture, Toyota's friendly and conciliatory relationship with its suppliers could be transformed into an adversarial relationship. The paper considers, however, the possibility that Toyota could lose a chance to find a better relationship with new supply companies. The paper then looks at Toyota's opportunity to cut costs in Europe as well as the threat of the company losing its ability to remain competitive in Europe and losing the potential cost-savings of participating on the Internet marketplace. The paper offers recommendations to Toyota and believes that instead of trying to follow an older American model of competition at all costs, Toyota should continue to do what it does best.

Outline:
Summary
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Defend the Option or Recommendation Selected
Summary Comments
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Toyota treats the suppliers that provide the parts for its cars as partners, not as economic adversaries. In this practice, Toyota's philosophy stands in contrast to its American competitors. Toyota's major American competitors, GM and Ford, have both asked the Japanese automaker to become a part of an Internet-based marketplace that is designed to act as a virtual meeting-place where automakers and the industry's suppliers can do business. This will presumably create more competition and drive down prices at the exchange. Although the American companies are rivals with Toyota, the more companies present the exchange, the greater the chance to create economies of scale. The American companies hope to do business more efficiently and cut costs. Ford and GM are in competition to build the largest online marketplace to achieve greater economies of scale, and both are trying to woo other automakers, particularly Toyota."

Tags:competitors, relationships, quality, standardization

Abstract
The paper discusses how Saudi Arabia has long been the de facto leader in the Middle East, due largely to its vast stores of proven oil reserves and its central role in the Islamic faith as the home of Mecca. The paper explains how Saudi Arabia has also taken a leading role in regional conflicts, in that it has often played a conciliatory role behind the scenes while maintaining a somewhat unyielding facade in negotiations with other Middle Eastern states. The paper points out that the financial markets in Saudi Arabia are as problematic as the social and political dimensions encountered with its borders. Saudi Arabia does not maintain a fully independent stock exchange but rather maintains the Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency, which acts as a de facto central bank and maintains an electronic stock trading program known as the Electronic Securities Information System, or the ESIS.

Tags:economics, saudi, arabia

Abstract
This paper examines to what extent the mainland Great British political parties were in agreement over Irish political, religious and economic problems in the period 1798-1893. It explains how towards the end of the period, the two parties began to disagree more on Irish issues, as William Gladstone looked to "pacify Ireland" with his conciliatory approach.

From the Paper
"Throughout the period from Wolf Tone's rebellion to the second reform act, the two mainland British political parties attempted to solve the problems of Ireland with a variety of policies. Although there are several areas of policy (such as Home Rule) were the parties disagreed, on other occasions they were singing from similar hymn-sheets. It is therefore less than straightforward to discern to what extent the mainland political parties were in absolute agreement in this period."

Tags:ireland, home, rule, politics

Abstract
This paper sums up the social, political, economic repercussions of the 1947 partition of British India into India and modern-day Pakistan. The paper suggests that a more conciliatory approach on behalf of the political leaders of the day might have avoided much of the subsequent bloodshed and spared both of these nations the acrimony and animosity that presently lingers.

From the Paper
"The partitioning of India has stirred a great deal of debate. This paper will wade into that debate by examining whether or not the partition of India made sense socially, politically, or economically. More specifically, this paper will argue that the 1947 partition did a great deal of harm to India - and to Pakistan - in all three regards and that a more inclusive approach involving the leaders of the day might have spared both nations the tragedies that followed. With that in mind, it is to a discussion of the Indian partitioning of 1947 that one now turns."

Tags:india, pakistan, issues

Abstract
This paper deals with the redevelopment in Central Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall through the lens of architecture. The writer stresses that redevelopment projects like the one in Berlin should strive to reflect an accurate national past; they should be constructed with architecture that is composed of balanced narratives. At the same time, the projects afford Germany the ability to move forward through fashioning Berlin as the economic and cultural capital of Europe. The paper concludes with suggestions for redevelopment processes.

From the Paper
"While the capital's move back to Berlin was contentious, it was representative of a prevailing desire in German society to reassert the German nation as a world power. The architecture of the Spreebogen claimed to recall Germany's Golden Age in the late 19th and early 20th century and to eschew National Socialist designs. Germany saw itself as a victim as well as a perpetrator. It had suffered under the reign of the Soviet Union since the 1940s and could finally again assert its national legitimacy. It desired a capital district that would recall historic successes under leaders like Otto von Bismarck. Nonetheless, it has proved nearly impossible to ignore the National Socialist history in the capital district."

Tags:urban, history, environment, conciliatory, memorialization, meta-narrative, monumental

Abstract
This paper states that, no matter what anyone does, the separatist issue in Quebec is never satisfactorily resolved and simply goes on being a bone of contention. The paper goes on to review the origins of the "Quebec issue" and identify the unique set of historical conditions from which the issue developed. The author of the paper argues that the British did all they could to set the stage for peaceful co-existence between Anglophones and Francophones in Canada; however, a sector of Quebecers has remained persistently opposed to peaceful co-operation and has kept alive the spirit of separatism.

From the Paper
"The Quebec Act, which was passed by the British Parliament in 1774, has justifiably been called statesmanlike. Certainly, it seems to have been a determined effort to deal in a just way with the unique circumstances in Quebec. It was also an inspired reply to the complex question the British government faced: "What would be a good law for a former French community, cut off from France, united to England, a close neighbor of American colonies, and now infiltrated with Englishmen and Americans?""

Tags:intractable, seven years' war, conciliatory, american revolution, discriminatory