Abstract This paper uses the Kenneth Burke Pentad approach to analyze the speeches of Vice President Al Gore when he conceded the 2000 presidential election and President George W. Bush when he declared victory. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the contentious nature of the 2000 elections, culminating in the courtroom drama over the recount in Florida. Next, the paper provides a detailed explanation and overview of Burke's pentad approach to communication, which the paper then applies to the two speeches. The paper concludes that while reflected differently, the speeches had essentially the same message: the process is bigger than the person.
I. Introduction
II. Introduction to Kenneth Burke's
Pentad Theory of Persuasive Communication
III. How Ratio Leads to Motive
IV. Perfection
V. The Pentad of the Speeches
1. Gore's Concession 2. Bush's Victory Speech
A. The Act
B. The Scene
C. The Agents
D. The Agency
E. Purpose
VI. Ratio
A. Gore's Ratio
B. Bush's Ratio
VII. Gore's Motive
VIII. Bush's Motive
IX. Perfection
X. Conclusion
From the Paper "December 13, 2000 concluded a Presidential Election unlike any that proceeded it. The date marked the concession of Vice President Al Gore, to future president George W. Bush. It was the closest United States Presidential Election of all time, and it concluded in the Supreme Court of the United States. The decision of that court would ultimately place the most powerful political position in the world, the Presidency of the United States, to George W. Bush, the governor of Texas. The election was filled with controversy, including an apparent flawed system of voting, a state, Florida, responsible for deciding the election, that was run by the to be President's younger brother, and a mere count of 300 votes that would change the future forever."
Abstract This essay argues that the Russian revolution of 1905 was a protest against the Tsar's refusal to make political concessions, and that once the concessions were given, the revolution was doomed to failure. It argues that the opposition was disorganized and not united in its objectives, and that generally the people of Russia still revered the Tsar, despite his faults.
From the Paper "On 9 January 1905, a worker's procession in St Petersburg calling for social and political reform was fired upon by panicked troops and two hundred people were killed. A resultant wave of strikes and protests across the country threatened to overthrow the monarchy; indeed, as most of the army was engaged in the war against Japan, the Tsar had little protection. Opposition to the Tsar had been building up for many years, and was made up of a broad range of political groups, including peasants and workers, moderates and revolutionaries, liberals and socialists."
Abstract This paper examines how September 11 and other world events have impacted the airline industry, as well as why they were affected. It also discusses what measures they have taken to combat these effects and remain solvent and successful all the while.
Safety Fears
Measures Taken to Improve Airline Solvency
Historical Perspectives and Financials
Post 9-11 Travel
Governmental Bailouts
Effect of Iraqi Invasion on Airline Industry and Travel
Terrorism Fears
Airline Schedule Changes Related to Iraqi Invasion
Management Intervention to Stave off Bankruptcy
Management Cutbacks
Labor Concessions SARS Outbreak and the Public Health Response
Geographical Implications
Intervention of World Health Organizations
Airline Response to Ongoing Concerns
Continuing Labor and Financial Concessions Marrying up of Major Carriers with Low-Cost No Frills Airlines
Future Trends and Financial Outlook
From the Paper "Historically the airline industry has been resilient to trends. But the investment made in the September 11th attacks was relatively small ? It is estimated that the hijackers spent about $50,000 total for their accommodations, rental cars and airline tickets. But in the week which followed the attacks, the financial injury to the American economy became clear -$60 billion in direct costs to the US economy and well over $600 billion in stock market losses (Dallas Business Journal, 2003) . Perhaps the hardest hit was the airline companies. Questions were raised about airline security, and the airlines stood in significant danger of being named in thousands of law suits from families who lost loved ones in the attacks."
From the Paper "This research paper discusses the structure of the tobacco industry, the legal and regulatory challenges it faces and the strategies pursued by the industry in meeting threats to its sales and profits from the sales of cigarettes in the United States. Until recently, the industry has used its oligopolistic market position, its financial power and its political influence to dilute efforts to regulate the manufacturing and sale of cigarettes. However, recent developments pose the most significant threats the industry has ever faced.
Industry Structure and Growth
Since the Supreme Court broke up the American Tobacco trust in 1912, the American tobacco industry "remained under the control of the giants," a small number of large corporations with..."
This paper analyzes the Russian social system: Its strengths and weaknesses, major trends in Soviet economic thought & politics since the revolution, the necessary diversions from Marxist dogma and concessions to a more capitalist system.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, 1979, $ 95.95
From the Paper "The following research is on the subject of developed socialism in the Soviet Union. In the now almost two-year old Carter Administration we have witnessed a renewed interest in the more competitive aspects of the relationship between the United Stats and the Soviet Union. The rather crude utilization of the carrot-and-stick philosophy of relations with an adversary has focused attention on the relative strengths and weaknesses of both our respective military and economic systems. Those who seek to know the "bottom line" - and tend to oversimplify in getting there - are again asking, "Who is the stronger?"
It has been said of the development of our two nations that the United Stats is gradually becoming more socialistic and the Soviet Union more capitalistic; and some speculate that the two nations will, at some unspecified future date, meet, their ... "
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA: Compromise and conciliation in Clinton's victory in Congress on trade agreement vote, background, debate, role of Ross Perot, political significance and pork barrel concessions.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, 1994, $ 95.95
From the Paper "Negotiation is an act of compromise. The mere agreement to discuss an issue via the process of negotiation represents a willingness to consider non-aggressive solutions. In the realm of politics, negotiation and compromise are the meat-and-potatoes of daily life. So it has been for the debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA - during the past few months. NAFTA posed, for the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch of the United States government, respectively, an important socio-economic issue in which the two parties found themselves lined up on opposite sides. Negotiation, in the public forum and in classic behind-the-scenes backroom maneuvering, was the key tool that allowed President Bill Clinton his NAFTA victory in the House of Representatives - by compromising on enough minor elements of the proposal to enable a ... "
Abstract This paper looks at the effects September 11th has had on Real Estate. It illustrates how the chaos caused by Sept. 11 has given the opportunity to take advantage of excellent leasing deals, including concessions, free rent, more flexibility, and better lease terms. Furthermore, the sublease market seems to be the hottest ticket right now. The author shows how generally the market is on its way down and it has a way to go before it picks up again.
From the Paper "According to New York Times reporter Leslie Eaton, the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks "inflicted deep and lasting wounds on New York City's already-teetering economy; devastated both big companies and small businesses in and around twin towers; brought business across city to halt for days, weeks and in some cases months, slashing workers' earnings and tax revenues alike; made many employers determined to spread their workers over wider swath of geography, which has ominous implications for Manhattan".
As a result of Sept. 11, an enormous amount of space was added to the market and there was a short-term damaging effect on the U.S. economy. U.S. businesses suddenly became resistant to change or expansion and surviving World Trade Center businesses had no place to go."
Abstract This paper discusses the unique corporate make-up of United Airlines, given that since 1994, employees gave up nearly five billion dollars in wages and other concessions in return for 55 percent of the company's shares. The paper looks at the mission statements put out by United Airlines and discusses ways that the company can succeed in being a profitable employee-run organization.
From the Paper "In 1996, United became the first airline to acknowledge the stresses faced by travelers and affirm a commitment to improve air travel, according to its January 7, 2000 press release. Additionally, the release cited heavy investment in airport ground equipment and baggage handling improvements. Currently, United Airlines has been heavily publicizing its organization culture in what it calls "Our United Commitment". In an article in Airline Business ("Friendly Skies" Let's Get Honest?, July 1997), Karen Walker wrote that due to the abysmal results of a passenger survey, United embarked on a $400 million, three year project that aims to lessen the gap between the promise of good service and the actual experience, concentrating on expanding executive lounges, improving on-time performance and using new airport technology."
Abstract This research paper studies three most significant and commonly known western religions called Judaism, Christianity and Islam in terms of their religious beliefs regarding the place and the role of women in society. The paper provides a clear picture and a better comprehension of other religious convictions and the reasons why women enjoy a far better economic, social as well as political status in the society today. Moreover, the writer argues that studying the place of women in the light of the spiritual teachings of the western religions, we can convince other women and people around in bringing about a positive change in the modern global village.
Introduction
Humankind, Women and Gender Issues
Women and The Islamic Teachings
Women as Mothers in Islam
Women as Wives in Islam and Issue of Divorce
Honorable Social Standing of Women in Islam
Share In Inheritance
Special Concessions for Women in Danger
Women having a "Fine Psychological Distinction"
Permission to Attend the Mosques
Role and Rights of Women in Judaism
What Does Christianity Say About the Role of Women?
Conclusion
From the Paper "Religion is the cardinal force that binds a race or a religious group together and equips it with a sense of identity by providing a code of life, governing all aspects of life and determining convictions of its followers. Today, there exist several groups as representatives of various religious beliefs and rituals, practicing and abiding the rules and regulations as set forth by the religious leaders following holy books and scriptures. Studying these distinct religions assists us in figuring out the familiarities and dissimilarities between them, observe them with the humanities perspective and comprehend the underlying varying philosophies thereby classifying or grouping those religions into same categories that have some resemblance. One such category is popularly referred to as "western religions" thereby differentiating the religions constituting it from "eastern religions" (Dowling, 2001). Islam, Judaism and Christianity are three popular religions that rest on the foundation of a single-creator belief and are therefore called western religions as these religions have the core conviction in common; the religious belief that this universe came into existence as well as controlled and governed by one God (Dowling, 2001). This common belief is the origin of the religion of Muslims practicing Islamic teachings, Jews following Judaism and Christians believing in Christianity."
Abstract Sarah A. Binder's article on "The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock, 1947-96" provides profound statistical and historical insight into how the dynamics of a legislative government system works in terms of the potential bipartisan establishment of alliances between elected individuals. The paper shows that Binder's central argument suggests that a sense of internal party cohesion creates less favorable conditions for passing legislation, rather than facilitates the passing of new laws. In other words, the more strongly allied different individuals within a political party are to particular party ideology and to themselves as "Democrats" or "Republicans", the less apt they are to make concessions to members of the opposing party. Rather than forming ties to the legislature as a governing body, representatives with strong party allegiances form ties to their party's governing structures instead.
From the Paper "Perhaps the most famous example that springs to mind during the period chronicled by Binder is Senator Jesse Helm's filibusters of civil rights legislation in the senate. The senator's allegiance to segregationist ideology enabled him to use the rules and protocols of the senate to almost "kill" historic civil rights laws. Helm's allegiance to segregationist and the Dixiecrat ideology ultimately made him wish to break away from the Democratic Party. But this was not a time of great unity within the Democratic Party. Thus, to Binder's approval and to prove Binder's point, because of this lack of party unity, a Democratic president, Lyndon Johnson, enabled the civil rights legislation of the 1960's to be passed, in opposition to members of his own party. This example shows how a lack of party allegiance can indeed enable the legislature to ?get things done.?"
Tags: Cold, War, Civil, Rights, Watergate, Jesse, Helm
Abstract Concessions to slaveowners in an effort to hold the Union together compromised the ideals of individual freedom set forth in the Declaration of Independence to result in an American society less free than the founders had envisioned. This paper traces the relationship of ideas in the Declaration and Constitution to the realities of slavery from 1776 through the Constitutional Convention, the Lincoln administration and the end of the Civil War.
Abstract By 1945, as Hitler's Germany was coming to an end, the future of the European continent seemed uncertain. Soviet troops were just forty-five miles outside of Berlin, and the Allied troops were just about to cross the Rhine. The questioned remained: how would the war affect the balance of power and the political landscape in the years to come? On Feb 4, 1945, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Roosevelt met to answer this very question at Yalta, a seaside Crimean resort on the coast of the Black Sea. While the conventional wisdom of modern historians is that Churchill and Roosevelt did not wield their collective power, this paper argues that it was Stalin who failed to realize the opportunities available to him and conceded too much. The paper shows that the negotiations can be viewed from a classic "Power-Interest-Rights" perspective. While Stalin negotiated from a position of power, FDR and Churchill negotiated from positions of rights and interests, respectively. It is the consensus of this paper that Stalin failed to use his dominant position of power, giving Churchill and FDR unnecessary concessions. The paper includes illustrations and tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Yalta Negotiations
Three Approaches to Resolving Differences
Three Allied Leaders
German Dismemberment
German Reparations
The Role of Post-War France
The Polish Question
The United Nations
Final Thoughts
The Negotiation Time Line
Value Creation Worksheet
Bibliography
From the Paper "Roosevelt was, above all else, a consummate politician. In fact, he would not meet alone with Churchill to avoid fanning the flames of Stalin's paranoia. Few men could see more clearly their immediate objective; however, his long-term vision was impaired. In 1945, he was the leader of the strongest nation in the world. The U.S. suffered no bombing, no displacement of its population and no hardship compared to the British and Soviets. In addition, the U.S. had an enormous, well-trained military and had almost perfected the atomic bomb. Roosevelt was optimistic, upbeat and knew how to rally the country."
Abstract This paper looks at the organizational and managerial problems of a theatrical organization and proposes a change for the company that would entail hiring a company manager. The paper analyzes and highlights the theater's problems in management style and organizational structure and then presents a plan for implementing the changes needed to eliminate the theater's management problems.
From the Paper "Spending any time at all at one of the nation's first, oldest and largest state theaters, a founding member of the League of Resident Theaters, brings to mind only one phrase above all others: ?Off with their heads.? The theatrical organization is run as if by the mad Queen in Alice in Wonderland. No real management is performed. Instead, edicts are issued by the CEO and founder and carried out without regard to the bottom line or any standards of acceptable organizational behavior. In short, there is the rule of fear, and nothing more."
Abstract This paper discusses the pros and cons of the Build-Operate-Transfer and the Further Concession-Handover options for both the promoter and the principal, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. Scholarly resources are used throughout.
From the Paper "One particular instrument of transport regulation that seems to gain more political and perhaps also gradual public support, is road pricing, much to the satisfaction of many transportation economists (Button & Verhoef 1998). There have been both intellectual and practical developments since Arthru Pigou first advanced the idea of road pricing in 1920. The basic concept is very straightforward: apply the price mechanism in the same way as it applies elsewhere. In other words, when there is high demand prices should be high to deter excessive use. In the final analysis, the key question becomes one of defining the appropriate price in what is often a complex set of economic and technical circumstances."
Abstract This paper charters the political career of "Colonel" Edward Mandell House and in particular his time as the trusted advisor to Woodrow Wilson. It looks at how House played an important role in the peace process at the end of World War I and how he was the American representative for the surrender of Germany, before arriving at the Paris peace conference as Wilson's personal representative. It discusses how he tried to secure a future for Germany with concessions made to the French outside of the limits of power and guidelines that he had been given to him by Wilson thus compromising Wilson's position.
From the Paper "Although Wilson and House were close, House remained an accomplished and ambitious political operator. He had been observing Wilson, and had concluded that Wilson's methods of doing things was not quick enough or ultimately going to solve any problems. He was also very passionate about the league of nations, and felt that Germany should not be treated to harshly, he said that "if the conditions we impose upon Germany are unjust, it will simply mean the breeding of another war". As house began to listen to all sides of the argument over the Rhineland. He took onboard all sides of the argument, and was eventually able to come up with a solution that would be acceptable to all sides, and eventually decided to give permission for the French to create a Rhenish republic, at least until they were able to rebuild militarily. House tried his best to address this issue, by suggesting the now infamous "demilitarisation of the Rhineland", which was to happen in three stages."
