Abstract The term architectural acoustics refers to the creation of rooms or concert halls that provide musical sound of high quality. Acoustics are a challenge to all designers of concert halls. The architect aims for the best possible clarity of sound for a knowledgeable listener will hear immediately if the sound of a note is distorted by the interior of the place in which it is played.
Abstract This paper explains that the Concert of Europe was an arrangement set up by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The author points out that it consisted of a loose agreement between four great powers---Russia, Prussia, Britain and Austria---to keep the peace and maintain territorial integrity. The paper relates that this body set itself up to settle disputes in Europe and preserve the status quo in terms of boundaries.
From the Paper "After the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna was held in to recreate the balance of power and set new boundaries and to guard against future French hegemony. It also dealt with international issues such as the slave trade, the rules of ..."
Abstract This paper examines the functional, operative and practical aspects of "Stomp" (a physical theatre and musical performance) and "Live Earth Concert" (a series of worldwide concerts held on the same day). It explains and compares different facets of these two performances, including the venue; atmosphere; musical aspects; lighting and sound enforcement. The writer reflects on the overall performances and notes that most people who attended both performances enjoyed "Stomp" (the relatively low budget unique creation) more. The writer concludes that both events were worth the price of the tickets, as "Live Earth Concert" was a great opportunity to see several artists performing on one stage and "Stomp" was a purely entertaining and exclusive show.
Table of Contents:
Preface
Introduction
Concert Summaries
Venue
The Performances
Sound and Acoustics
Music Aspects
Instruments and Equipment
Stage Lighting
Conclusion
From the Paper "A concert or as some colloquially call it a 'gig' or 'show' is a performance, that has music as the central entertaining premise. The performers and entertainers such as solo artists or bands, aim to generate a vigour, power and energy that in a sentence leave their audiences in rapturous admiration and awe at the vertical depth and wide coverage that they are able to generate in just a short space of time. The musical masterpiece 'Stomp' which is currently being staged at Vaudeville Theatre in London; and the benevolent global 'Live Earth Concert', which was held on the 7th of July 2007 and had Wembley Stadium London as one of its many venues; model two such concert performances."
Abstract This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the Concert of Europe in dealing with the Eastern Question. Throughout the Eastern Question, which regards the fate of the Ottoman Empire, Concert diplomacy was used to solve the various crises that arose. The paper describes and analyzes three of these crises, the Syrian Crisis, the Crimean War, and the Balkan Wars.
From the Paper "With the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, a system of diplomacy, known as the Concert of Europe, was established between the great powers of the time. This union held underlying norms and regulations that directed the Powers foreign policy for the decades that followed. Although initially developed to deal with European matters, the Concert was faced with dilemmas and crises concerning the interests of the great powers outside of Europe as well. This was particularly true with regards to the "Eastern Question" which was becoming more and more of a heightened issue as the nineteenth century progressed. As J.A.R. Marriott wrote: ?European statesmen have persistently sought to "isolate" the politics of the Near East. They have almost consistently failed? (1963: 10). The issues concerning the Ottoman Empire quickly became relevant international issues that stood before the Concert of Europe. The treatment of these issues by the great powers reflects both the strengths and the weaknesses of the European Concert system. The various crises concerning the fate of the Ottoman Empire will be analyzed in order to show the effectiveness of the Concert system to deal with the Eastern Question up to the Crimean War, and its gradual decline and weaknesses until it's disintegration in World War I."
Abstract This paper is on acoustics and listening quality. A number of factors go into the design of concert halls and rooms to enhance their potential for listening quality. The sheer number of these factors have meant that designers face a number of difficulties in designing their listening spaces. As this essay will argue, the design of spaces to enhance their listening quality depends to a great degree upon a variety of these acoustical factors.
An interpretation of Article 81(1) of British law concerning agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings, and concerted practices.
Abstract This paper explains that competition law policy has been implemented in many parts of the world in order to achieve 'workable competition' and prevent the formation of a 'cartelised' economy. In particular, the paper looks at how Article 81 of the European Community Treaty plays an important role in regulating competition in the Europe. The paper discusses how, although the Commission has been keen not to allow there to be legalistic distinctions between the treatment of agreements and concerted practices in Article 81(1), and has received the support of the community courts in this endeavour, there still seems to exist an artificial distinction that makes both terms conceptually distinct.
From the Paper "From these cases, we can conclude that the notion of a 'concerted practice' has increasingly been given wider definitions, the crux of which consists of a mental consensus whereby practical cooperation is knowingly substituted for competition, and that such can be achieved through direct or indirect contact between the parties without it being verbal. Hence, in the Cement appeals , the CFI held that receiving information at a meeting about the future conduct of a competitor constituted a concerted practice, even if one was a mere passive recipient of such information . Also in Soda-ash/Solvay , the Commission stated that a formal agreement is not necessary to prove collusion, as long as each party infers commitment from the other on the basis of conduct . These cases seem to show that concerted practices come under the umbrella of 'agreements', but only covers the less formal ones."
Abstract This paper discusses Rachmaninoff's piano concerti. It explains how Rachmaninoff is one of the world's best-known composers and wrote numerous pieces for concert and stage. Some of the most famous are the four piano concerti, which all highlight his talent and his high opinion of the piano as a concert instrument.
From the Paper "Third in these four works is the Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor, which was written in 1909, and written specifically for Rachmaninoff's first concert tour in the United States. Many people believe this is "probably the composer's best unified longer work" ("Webring"), but it did not receive good notices from the critics when it was first performed ("Piece Details"). Another critic notes this piece "rises to another of those pinnacles which form the landmarks in his career...Conscientious historians may one day consider this concerto as the beginning of a 'third period' of the composer's life" (Veinus 350). This piece shows a true unity some of his other pieces lack, and indicates how Rachmaninoff grew as a composer as his career continued. The opening of the piece is quiet and hushed, and seems far different from the more strident first two concertos. While this piece starts simply enough, it grows to emphatically highlight the piano, and so calls for great talent from the pianist. The last movement is a virtuoso section that is quite alluring and entertaining, which rises to a soaring and elegant coda. There is also a memorable fanfare in the piece that could be a strong composition on its own. It is a very long piece, nearly 40 minutes, and consists of three distinct movements. It is still performed enthusiastically today by orchestras around the country."
Abstract This is an essay dealing with the injustices against rapper Eminem in September of 2000. The artists attempts to enter Canada for his concert but the politicians try to ban his entry using Canadian laws as protection. This essay looks at the negative aspects of our law and shows how it can be used to mistreat certain individuals. The arguments discussed are the incorporation of law, the people's controversy and vile lyrics.
From the Paper "In Canada, we have the freedom to an opinion, speech, and belief, but how far does this freedom go? Many times, artists? and singers? lyrics are censored because what they have to say cannot be heard by all. In a particular case, involving a concert at Sky Dome on October 2000, a strong attempt was made to ban rapper Eminem from entering Canada because of the content and themes of his musical lyrics. Eminem was not being granted his rights to freedom of speech and was being punished for it. New and viler lyrics, the people's controversy, and incorporating the law, are factors which almost made Canada strip Eminem of his fundamental freedom to express his opinion through his lyrics. "
Abstract This paper reviews the involvement of the musician Ken Kesey and his group, the Merry Pranksters in the encouragement of taking LSD. In the beginning they were committed and dedicated to getting everyone familiar with the hallucinogenic drug, LSD. The paper describes how they bought a bus and toured around to distribute the drugs and allow society to have this experience. Their dedication to spreading the word was the reason why all the music bands, the progression in the music concerts and the major music festival was a possibility. However, before his death, Kesey was discouraging everyone from the use of psychedelic drugs.
Overview
How LSD came to be widely used in the 60?s
Acid test
West coast music scene and its relation to LSD
The Grateful Dead
Grateful Dead's relation to Kesey and the Pranksters
Conclusion
From the Paper "The psychedelic phase kicked off with the popularity of bands springing up constantly. The bands had no ambitions to do concerts or make and sell records; they were merely playing for their own enjoyment. Success to them was not making the top ten charts or any charts, or fame or fortune. Success to them meant having fun and making enough money to purchase psychedelic drugs."
Abstract This essay will discuss the various considerations that go into the design of a room or concert hall with the aim of producing acoustically enhanced sound and music quality. In general, the sound levels that can be heard by the human ear is between the range of 20 to 20,000 Hz.
Abstract This paper explores some of America's most important musical styles, which were usually found outside of the concert hall and represented such genres as comic opera, operetta, and other types musical revues. It looks at how these were usually located in the major cities like New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston and San Francisco. This paper provides a brief discussion of the history of these musical styles.
From the Paper "The "Great Depression" years, circa 1929 to 1940, created a huge impact on American music, for some long-existing institutions were forced to close their doors due to financial difficulties. The genre of the musical revue was also affected because of nationwide radio broadcasts that severely limited the number of people that attended live musical performances. As an example, "between 1929 and 1934, about 70 percent of all musicians in the United States were unemployed" (Crawford, 2001, 590). Thus, with the advent of radio and later television, the true musical revue and its related genres were doomed, and in light of today's technology have never fully recovered."
This paper discusses Woodstock, a three-day music concert held at Woodstock, New York in August, 1969, which had a profound effect on the young people and their music.
Abstract This paper explains that for four days nearly half a million people built their own little nation, established their own cultural rules and survived living in markedly difficult conditions, for the most part with good grace. The author points out that, in spite of a lack of sanitary facilities, food and clean water and in spite of a lot of drug use, there were only two deaths (and two births) at the Woodstock concert. The paper relates that the variety of types of music and kinds of performers brought together at Woodstock was reflected in the diversity of the audience, creating a watershed moment where an entire generation became empowered around issues of dissatisfaction with the status quo, civil rights and a rapidly growing peace movement.
From the Paper "Sha-Na-Na and Creedence Clearwater Revival were two groups who were opposites in many ways. Sha-Na-Na played their late fifties hit "At the Hop," which had no message at all except "Let's go to the hop!" while Creedence Clearwater Revival sang songs about bullfrogs who shared their wine with others. In the song, it didn't matter that the two people sharing the wine couldn't communicate. They just enjoyed each other's company at whatever level they could. It was an interesting image for Woodstock, where people had to deal with rain and mud, and shared what they had with each other while actively ignoring differences such as race or class."
Abstract The paper examines the From the Top and PALS' websites; both non-profit organizations that promote the arts within youth communities. The paper discusses how From the Top presents a much sleeker, more professional looking website for their organization. PALS, however, is an organization working on a much smaller scale than From the Top and this shows in the lack of polish on the site. The paper points out, however, that PALS is a local organization that is clearly very successful where it counts and that is in concert. The From the Top organization on the other hand would rely quite heavily on its web presence to promote much of its goals. The paper notes that taking these factors into consideration would make any two websites difficult to assess on equal footing.
From the Paper "The purpose of the From the Top website is to "to give dedicated young classical musicians a platform to express themselves and inspire others." The creative and professional effort that has obviously been put into this website reflects the fact that the internet is a major medium for this organization. Though their radio show is the major vehicle for this effort, they advertise the existence of the website on their show, and use the site as an informational platform to provide their audience with more detailed information than can be easily provided on the air. This makes the website a key element for the organization since it can reduce time spent on the air giving out important information, leaving more room for their main focus: the music."
Abstract This paper compares the works of Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach. The paper points out that both musicians were great and influential men, but their styles and the way they conducted their lives and their music varied greatly. The works compared and contrasted are the first movement of Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5", belonging to the classical genre of music, and the first movement of Bach's "Brandenburg Concert No. 5", belonging to the late Baroque style. The paper also addresses the composers' tragic lives. To conclude, the author of the paper praises both composers, but ultimately prefers Beethoven's works.
From the Paper "The Brandenburg Concertos were written by Johann Sebastian Bach between the years of 1715 and 1721. There are six different concertos, all of which individually call for a diverse group of soloists in the concertino. In the first movement of the Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, which was written in 1720 and lasts for a period of nine minutes and forty-one seconds, a brilliant use of the harpsichord can be heard by the listener. Bach's intent in writing the Brandenburg Concertos was to show off his ability to write challenging music for any instrument, which he does illustrate greatly in the first movement of the fifth concerto, as well as in all of the others. Johann Sebastian Bach lived from 1685 to 1750 and it is said that everything he did, everything that he wrote was for the glory of God. Bach's tragic life was not unlike Beethoven's in that Bach and his wife Anna had twelve children and eight of them died before they reached the age of five. This was not exactly uncommon for the time, but tragic nonetheless. Bach was the master of counterpoint, which means that he essentially mastered polyphony and the harmonious opposition of two or more independent musical lines. In this first movement of the fifth Brandenburg Concerto, the full orchestra is in competition for the attention of the listener with the concertino."
Tags: concertino, counterpoint, harmony, baroque, romantic, classical, music
This paper identifies the trends and innovations that led
to the growing commercialisation of music in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
Abstract The paper discusses the practical and technological developments, the economic development, the transformation in the nature of individual composers and the development of public music halls and concert venues that all influenced the growing commercialisation of music. The paper highlights the beginning of music's role as a social and political tool on the mass stage.
From the Paper "The history of music is a varied one. Moreover, it has undergone numerous radical transformations in the course of its long life. The assessment of this development requires the examination of a multitude of factors and issues. Above all, the progression of music through the ages has not occurred in isolation from other trends and developments. Music has impacted upon external forces in the same way as external influences and innovations have affected music. Thus, what at first may appear to be a singular study is actually not."
