Abstract
This paper explains that, when feminist legal theorists and advocates expose the assumptions underlying dilemmas, which are inherent in the concepts of equality and discrimination, it is possible to reconsider and reinterpret relationships and patterns of power that impact on the consequences of difference. The paper then outlines these assumptions along with the counter-assumptions that have been formulated by feminist legal theorists. The paper stresses that all of the assumptions are present in the "Little Sisters" case in which it was decided that gay and lesbian pornography poses a threat to sex equality.

From the Paper
"Equality rights under the Charter have caused dilemmas additional problems beyond the issues that were to be resolved. While the Charter in combination with legislation is designed to protect women and children from sexual violence and victimization, the defendant is actually the individual who receives protection. Once again, the male norm becomes predominant so that, as feminists point out, the state participates in the male control of female sexuality. To overcome the equality problem and the issue of intrinsic differences, feminists fought for legislation using new terms such as 'gender neutral assault'."

Tags:intrinsic, relational, reference, judge, choices, expectations

Abstract
This paper examines and discusses some ethical dilemmas which occur in the realm of health law. In particular, the paper considers when personal values and/or religious beliefs conflict with the law of the land. Several cases are noted in which the patient's wishes were overridden in favor of responsible health care delivery. The four principles of ethics, which are often applied to health care, are presented in a list format. The paper concludes by noting that the health care practitioner is not alone in making tough decisions, and should consult with colleagues.

From the Paper
"Although solutions are given above, there is another collateral dilemma to be faced by the healthcare practitioner. What if the event happened in a place where the practice of not giving any blood transfusion to Jehovah's Witnesses is allowed but the healthcare practitioner has a personal belief that lives must be saved at all cost? The healthcare person's conviction is that life is precious and since his personal belief is such, he will defy whatever laws there is to do what he deem is the right thing to do. This brings indeed the dimension of conflict between personal values and professional ethics."

Tags:ethical dilemmas, personal values, HIV/AIDS, Christian fundamentalism

Abstract
This paper examines a research article through the use of guide questions with emphasis on the conceptual framework utilized by the study. The paper addresses the conceptual model used in the article, the components of the framework, how the variables were used, congruency of conceptual definitions, as well as a discussion of some findings and definition and framework consistency.

From the Paper
"This article discusses a proposed framework for educating both undergraduate and graduate nursing students by utilizing simulators and simulations in place of traditional methods of teaching. The author realizes the need for a more suitable teaching style in nursing education that emphasizes student autonomy, student-centered learning and teaching that depicts real-life, clinical situations (Jeffries, 2005). The author..."

Tags:conceptual, frameworks, nursing

Abstract
This paper explores the work of conceptual artist Sarah Lucas. It argues that Lucas challenges gender stereotypes and the image of the "anguished male artist." The paper looks at conceptual art as an oppositional process.

From the Paper
"Sarah Lucas is known for her provocative work. Using mundane objects such as food and furniture, she takes words and images and transforms them into metaphors for sexual objects. Ready-made food and furniture are imbued with new meaning. The innocence of the original object becomes something else entirely. The objects imbued with new meaning carry with them crude and sexual connotations. Sarah Lucas goes against the grain. In addition, through her work that emphasizes the ordinary person in ordinary surroundings she challenges the..."

Tags:Conceptual art, sarah lucas, Got a Salmon On Gender

Abstract
A paper on the subject of social dilemmas. The paper looks at how the individual is influenced to act differently depending on different social dilemmas, and discusses the important role that cooperation plays by bringing about decisions and solutions. The paper further notes that cooperation is only achievable if the person is willing to cooperate with others.

From the Paper
"When it comes to social dilemmas, why do people make the decisions they do? What part does accountability play in social dilemmas? These are important questions when looking at the social and philosophical aspects of social dilemmas. Individuals are influenced to act differently depending on what the issues in the social dilemmas are. Cooperation is achievable if the person is willing to cooperate with others and to listen openly what solutions are available. Cooperation plays an important role in social dilemmas bringing about decisions and solutions that can only happen when individuals are willing to cooperate."

Tags:social, dilemmas, cooperation

Abstract
This paper looks at PRECEDE-PROCEEED as a conceptual model, describes three concepts within the model and compares its application to the nursing process. In the final section, the paper cites applications of this model of community health problems and concludes by explaining the importance of community partnerships in community health projects.

From the Paper
"This paper looks at PRECEDE-PROCEEED as a conceptual model and discusses the historical development of the model. Next the author describes three concepts within the model and compares its application to the nursing process. In the final section the paper goes on to cite two applications of this model of community health problems and concludes by explaining the importance of community partnerships in community health projects."

Tags:community, conceptual, model

Abstract
The paper looks at how in her article, Miller cites Beninger's assertion that communication should be studied generally in a broad conceptual sense instead of as a narrow discipline. The paper explains her view that this would be beneficial to those who study the concept of communication as the articulation of human relationships as well as to those who also consider internal, cognitive processes as a form of communication.

From the Paper
"The study of communication is vast and diverse, including a number of different disciplines and poignant opinions. Communication as a social activity, or as the articulation of relationships, is one of these arguments among those who consider themselves scholars in this field. There is also some debate as to whether it is valid and reasonable to study communication using this framework. According to Katherine Miller's article, "Conceptual Foundations," it is difficult to argue this point because communication is not only a study that is fragmented within its own discipline, but is also intrinsically connected to a number of other academic fields. Each of these fields..."

Tags:conceptual, abstract, communication

Abstract
The writer discusses that the assertion that the principle of the rule of law disguises the fact that it is always the powerful who actually rule reveals a dilemma that goes to the heart of theory of government and law extending back to Plato. As this essay argues, the assertion deals with the fundamental questions regarding the relationship between law, justice and egalitarianism in the state that remain unresolved to the present day.

From the Paper
"In its essence, the principle of the rule of law is that no one in a state or society governed by this principle - neither the executive, legislators and judges, nor the wealthy - is above the law. The remote origins of this ..."

Tags:law, society, justice

Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.

From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."

Tags:American law, Jewish law, common law, Halakha

Abstract
This paper is a detailed discussion of Islamic criminal law, its sources, its application, and its conflict with international law and human rights. The author examines both primary and secondary sources of Islamic law, and describes Hudud, Tazir and Qesas crime and punishment. The paper also focuses on the historical background of Muslim law.

From the paper:

?Islam means ?submission? or ?surrender? to the will of Allah. For the more than one billion Muslims of the world, this means submission to a comprehensive code of law governing every arena of life: social, political, economic, and religious. In Islam there is no separation of church and state, no distinction between religion and politics; Government, law, and religion are unified. Some would argue that Islamic law is not fully practiced in any part of the Islamic world. While this may be true, twenty-three nations have either declared Islam to be the state religion or declared the religious writings of Islam to be the principal source of law.?

Tags:crime, criminal, islam, law, legal, muslim, religion, world, shi'ite, iccpr, united, nations