Abstract
This four-page essay examines and analyzes Plato's Symposium, Nussbaum's essay, The Speech of Alcibiades: A Reading of the Symposium"; and Vlastos'essay, "The Individual as the Object of Love in Plato," in terms of whether Plato's conception of love allows for the love between individuals, a love that is characterized by respect for individual idiosyncrasies and autonomy.

Tags:plato, conception, love

Abstract
This essay investigates the relationship between pleasure and pain, good and evil, and knowledge and ignorance in Socrates' conception of virtue. The essay begins with an overview of the life and times of Socrates, which had an impact on his philosophy. It moves next to briefly discussing the relationship between each of the following three subsections: pleasure and pain, good and evil and ignorance and knowledge. It concludes by discussing how these concepts figure in Socrates' conception of virtue.

Abstract
The following paper discusses the theories held by the Catholic Church and those held by its detractors. The detractors of this Catholic doctrine assert that it is unnecessary to believe in her Immaculate Conception in the whole scheme of things but if that were to be true they would denying their congregation proof positive in God's magnificence as well as the powerlessness of the devil.

From the Paper
"Between the 11th February, 1858 and 16th July, 1858, a teenaged girl, Bernadette, was visited 18 times by "a lady wearing a lovely white dress with a bright belt" and who bore on each foot "a pale yellow rose, the same color as her rosary beads." (Menezes, 2000, 1) Upon examination, the Catholic Church agreed that the apparitions were indeed those of the Blessed Virgin Mary. What was intriguing was the Virgin Mary's reference to herself:
" . . . At my third request her face took on a very serious expression, and at the same time an expression of deep humility . . . Joining her palms as if for prayer, she raised them to the height of her breast . . . She looked up to heaven . . . then slowly opening her hands and bending down towards me, she said to me in a voice in which one could sense a slight trembling, "I am the Immaculate Conception." (Menezes, 2000, 1)

Tags:Virgin, Mary, subject, debate, centuries, Catholics, Protestants, Anglicans, Fundamentalists, state, being

Abstract
The paper relates that cue conception is one of the more commonly studied and analyzed aspects of human cognition and human learning, and explains that cue competition refers to the observation that potential causes of a given effect tend to compete for causal status (Beckers, 2005, p.238). The paper further explains that the perceived casual status of a given cue (X) in producing a given outcome is determined not only by the co-occurrence of X and the outcome but also by the degree of contingency between the other competing cues (p.238).

From the Paper
"Cue conception is one of the more commonly studied and analyzed aspects of human cognition and human learning. Cue competition refers to the observation that potential causes of a given effect tend to compete for causal status (Beckers, 2005, p.238). The perceived casual status of a given cue (X) in producing a given outcome is determined not only by the co-occurrence of X and the outcome but also by the degree of contingency between the other competing cues (p.238). There are two types of associations between cues and outcomes. The first..."

Tags:psychology, learning, analysis

Abstract
This paper discusses the premise that Plato's conception of love does not allow for love between two individuals.

Abstract
The paper broadly outlines Socrates' defence of justice and why it is good - and what truly constitutes justice. As the paper shows, Plato seems to be of the view that justice, at least within the context of the community, essentially means each party being freed to do his or her function whilst receiving what he or she deserves. In a society without justice, it is argued, proper dispensation is not possible and the ties binding together communities inevitably collapse.

From the Paper
"The following paper will discuss Plato's conception of justice in "The Republic". Of especial note, the paper will broadly outline Socrates' defence of justice and why it is good - and what truly constitutes justice. As will become apparent, Plato seems to be of the view that justice, at least within the context of the community, essentially means each party being freed to do his or her function whilst receiving what he or she deserves. In a society without justice, it is seemingly argued, proper dispensation is not possible and the ties binding together communities inevitably collapse."

Tags:socrates, conception, republic

Abstract
This paper presents Mill's idea of human nature and the role it plays in his argument about what controls society can place over the individual. An argument also is presented to demonstrate Dostoevsky's view.

Abstract
Marcia Inhorn examines the connection between infertility and patriarchy in contemporary Egyptian society. This leads her to study various social phenomena in Egypt, including cultural beliefs, family structures, community relations, gender and religion. Overall, Inhorn does an excellent job in providing extensive documentation on the subject of infertility as both a social and medical problem for women.

Abstract
This paper discusses Ludwig Wittgenstein's conception of philosophy and how his philosophy can be divided into two very different 'philosophemes', resulting in the differentiation between the early and later Wittgenstein. The paper analyzes the views of the early and the late Wittgenstein. It then examines the bridge that allows access to a unifying interpretation between the two.

Table of Contents:
Philosophical Problems
Early Wittgenstein's Logical Construction of a Philosophical System
Nature of Philosophy as Presented in Tractatus
Nature of Philosophy as Presented in Philosophical Investigations (PI)
Continuity of Wittgenstein's Conception of Philosophy
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Wittgenstein maintains in all his early and later works that philosophy is an activity of clarifying propositions and preventing us from being led astray by the misleading appearances of ordinary language. The difference, however, lies in the method employed to clarify propositions. The earlier method of philosophy was to analyze propositions in order to reveal their hidden logical structure, however the later Wittgenstein, while still maintaining that the task of philosophy is to critique language, states that the method to clarify propositions is to show how they are applied in language games. This later method is concerned with the grammar of language and how language is used, it has nothing to do with criticizing the nature of language."
"It can be concluded that the aim of Wittgenstein's philosophy has always been "to show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle, to free it from the need to answer many deep questions due to a misunderstanding of the uses of language". (PI, 309)"

Tags:tractatus, proposition, language

Abstract
This paper explains that Dante's view of evil is that it acts as a catastrophic impediment toward man's attainment of the divine; whereas, Chaucer identifies the human manifestations of evil as ironic. The author points out that "The Divine Comedy" is an epic poem in which the author, Dante, takes a visionary journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise to learn about the true nature of evil; however, although they likely shared a similar cosmogony, Chaucer's portrayal of evil in "The Canterbury Tales" is much different than Dante's resulting in "The Canterbury Tales" being an extremely entertaining work written for a popular audience. The paper relates that the difference in the conception of evil between these books lies less in the religious background of their authors then in the author's intention for writing the book.

From the Paper
"Dante conceived of Hell as a cone shaped hole, terraced into seven concentric rings. The uppermost level, Limbus, actually is not a Hell at all, but merely an abode for the good people born into the culture of Christianity but who had never been baptized, as well as those born before the time of Christ. Below Limbus, the rings of Hell yawn deeper and deeper, and the torments grow more and more severe, ending at the bottom with a frozen lake which is the abode of Satan himself. Each different type of sin merits its own ring, hence the seven deadly sins. The unfortunate inhabitants of each ring and section of Hell receive a different punishment, cleverly designed to reflect the spirit of the crime. Dante does not claim that the individuals of whom he speaks with in each section were designated as permanent "spokespeople" of that ring; he gives the impression he just initiated the conversation with them because either he or Virgil recognized them, and their story would be familiar enough to Dante's readership to provide a pertinent lesson."

Tags:epic, comedy, divine, ironic, intention