Abstract
This paper proposes a study to comparatively assess the relative effectiveness of three models for the prediction of digoxin concentration in subjects receiving digoxin under physician order. It looks at how various approaches to the prediction of digoxin concentration have been advanced over the years and how several of these approaches have developed relatively widespread acceptance. It shows how controversy has surrounded these for the reason that such predictions frequently are not as accurate as required for optimal benefits in clinical applications and how as a consequence of the unreliability of these procedures, patients frequently were placed at risk. It provides an introduction, objective and hypothesis and an analysis of the results.

From the Paper
"Most earlier models for the prediction of digoxin concentration were based on an assumption of a steady-state condition. This assumption of a steady-state condition led to hypotheses concerning predicted and observed digoxin concentration based on a research question that asked, in effect: Are predicted and observed values different? An important methodological assumption in these earlier models that was incorporated into hypotheses was that, if predicted and observed digoxin concentration levels were not different, then they were the same. The prediction model developed by Williams, et al. dropped the assumption of a steady-state condition, which allowed the revision of the research question to one that the following: Are predicted and observed values the same?4 By asking if predicted and observed values are the same, outcomes of hypothesis testing need not be inferred on the basis of an assumption of a steady-state condition."

Tags:clinical, applications, patients, hypothesis, model

Abstract
This paper discusses that concerns have been raised about a rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The paper explains that the issue has been examined using climate models, such as the one called EDGCM based on a 120 year long model run, starting in 1985 with an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The paper relates that a global climate model such as this allows for a study of climates in the past present and future.

From the Paper
"Such computer-driven models are one of the primary tools now used in climate research. The EDGCM model also serves as a learning tool for students and provides data to the public in a more easily-accessed manner than is true of some other models ("EDGCM: The Project" paras. 1-3)."

Tags:carbon, dioxide, concentrations

Abstract
This paper defines the concentration ratio as the "percentage of market share owned by the largest firms in an industry". The author points out that concentration ratios in business practice emphasize the importance of market competitiveness and the number of firms within a given industry. The paper relates that it is expected that firms will be affected by variables such as prices, brand recognition and product quality in their efforts to promote competition and market effectiveness.

From the Paper
"In a business environment that incorporates the use of concentration ratios, it is necessary to understand the meaning of this term and its application to modern business principles. The concentration ratio is defined as the "percentage of market share owned by the largest firms in an industry" (QuickMBA, 2004). In the example given, it is necessary to consider that a given industry segment with a particular number of firms is typically very competitive, or it is not as relevant in the overall marketing mix (QuickMBA, 2004). Therefore, the example provides a concentration ratio of 30% for the top 20 firms, or CR20. This type of ratio demonstrates that these firms own 30% of the total market share within this industry, and in an analytical sense, this is a relatively low level of competition amongst these firms."

Tags:economics, concentration, ratio

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the reasons for the high quality of music in the concentration camp of Terezin, providing examples of the music and the composers' output.

From the Paper
"There are a number of reasons why the circumstances of life in the Nazi concentration camp Theresienstadt may have been conducive to the outpouring of creativity in music that has been associated with this particular camp. Certainly as Zdenek Lederer noted a feeling of Jewish solidarity pervaded the Ghetto. Additionally the German authorities created circumstances in which Lederer said cultural life prospered. The standard of cultural activities reached its highest level partly as an involuntary result of the embellishment. The establishment of a Cultural ..."

Tags:Nazis, Terezin, music, Jews, concentration camps

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the lives of those living in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust. The purpose of this paper is to try and show the inhuman brutality of these concentration camps. The paper further discusses the extermination camps that were built in 1942 with the purpose of murdering Jews.

From the Paper
" Many prisoners eventually became what were known as Muselmanner. The Muselmanner are persons destroyed, devastated, shattered wrecks strung between life and death. They are the victims of a stepwise annihilation of human beings. The mere external appearance of the Muselmanner bespoke profound dehumanization. In a final stage of emaciation, their skeletons were enveloped by flaccid, parchmentlike sheaths of skin, edema had formed on their feet and thighs, their posterior muscles had collapsed. Their skulls seemed elongated; their noses dripped constantly, mucus running down their chins. Their eyeballs had sunk deep into their sockets; their gaze was glazed. Their limbs moved slowly, hesitantly, almost mechanically. They exuded a penetrating, acrid odor; sweat, urine, liquid feces trickled down their legs. The rags that covered their freezing frames were full of lice; their skin was covered with scabies. Most suffered from diarrhea. They ate anything they could lay their hands on--moldy bread, cheese wriggling with worms, raw bits of turnip, garbage fished from the bins. "

Tags:atrocities, starvation, filth, disease, experimentation, lice, crematorium

Abstract
It appears to be quite certain that the concentration of financial wealth in Canada is leading to a concentration of political influence. One disturbing development in our democracy is that the political state is starting to be governed more by the market than by the sentiments of the voters - even though the market is supposed to be a representation of the peoples' preferences. But in the end, the state has become a symbolic representation of the vested economic interests of one small, but powerful constituency of society.

Abstract
This discussion focuses on motorbike riders' concentration levels. The paper presents a review of the literature that examines the increases in motorcyclists in the United Kingdom, fatalities that occur with motorbike riders, government interventions, and a description of a three-week police training program. The paper analyzes the impact of a police three-week intensive rider training program on concentration levels.

Outline
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background Information
Purpose Statement
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Motorcycling for Leisure
Increases in Motor Cycle Ownership and Fatalities
Improving Rider Safety through Training and Government Sponsored Initiatives
Chapter 3: Method
Participants
Instruments
Procedures
Design and Analysis
Recommendations
Amendments
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Motor safety is an essential component in securing transportation systems in countries throughout the world. Over the past 40 years, motor safety has become a chief concern for transportation departments around the globe. These transportation departments have instituted regulations that place safety at the forefront. These regulations include the installation of and mandatory wearing of seatbelts and certain restrictions on gas emissions. In recent years, transportation departments have began to focus on distractions that may hinder driver concentration. Such distractions such as Cell Phone Usage while driving a motor vehicle have been banned in some areas."

Tags:road, safety, drivers

Abstract
This paper explains that recent changes in swine-management practices, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), have resulted in a growing controversy surrounding the environmental and public health effects of modern swine production. The author points out two problems in swine-management practices, including an increase in health hazards because of the confined spaces, and public relations problems for the industry, particularly in the communities immediately situated near such facilities. The paper relates that the industry deal with these issues by using sound environmental health practices in the workplace and by providing anaerobic lagoons to help remediate the large amount of biological wastes that are inevitably generated at such CAFOs.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Environmental and Health Hazards Associated with CAFOs for Swine
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion

From the Paper
"During the last half of the 20th century, agricultural growth and development in the United States has become more closely linked to a wide range of social and environmental problems. Partially because of the industrialization of farming and food production, soil and water resources have been degraded, wildlife habitats have been destroyed, and rural communities have been dissolved and uprooted.The scale, mechanization, specialization, capital-intensity, and chemical-intensity of agricultural production have dramatically increased, with the result that large agribusinesses and individual farm operators have come under greater environmental scrutiny associated with the broader "greening" of public opinion since 1970."

Tags:anaerobic, lagoons, waste, contaminants, industrialization

Abstract
The paper discusses concentration camps built by Hitler's Germany in WWII for Jews as well as other prisoners. It provides a brief overview of the history of anti-semitism in Germany of the time, including Kristallnacht, and describes life as it was for prisoners in the camps.

From the Paper
"The living conditions in both camps could be classified as dismal at best. The poor living conditions caused contagious diseases to spread like wild fire throughout the camps. In Auschwitz I, the prisoners lived in brick barracks with hundreds of three leveled bunk beds. The barracks did not have heating or any sanitary components to them. The barracks were extremely overcrowded, had leaking roofs, and there were rats running all over the place.

"While in the camps, prisoners received three meager meals a day. If they were performing "light" labor they would be given 1,300 calories of food a day. If they were doing more demanding work they would be fed 1,700 calories a day. As a result of being fed a very small amount of food in relation to the amount of work they were doing, many prisoners suffered from malnutrition and a form of physical deterioration they referred to as the "Muzulman state"."

Tags:slave, labor, relocation, Ernst, vom, Rath, Grynszpan, Auschwitz, Amersfoort

Abstract
This paper is a research study that investigated: Is profitability associated positively with concentration in the fast-food segment of the restaurant industry? This paper includes an extensive review of the literature that covers many fields: The fast-food industry, external environmental conditions, the market structure, anti-trust concerns, elasticity of demand, productivity and statistical and research procedures. The paper reports the conclusion of the research that the larger firms in the industry dominate the industry because they are more efficient.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose and Significance of the Problem
Background on the Fast-Food Segment of the Restaurant Industry and External Environmental Conditions
Overview of the Remainder of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Theoretical and Conceptual Literature
Market Structure
Antitrust Concerns
Elasticity of Demand
Productivity
Literature Review Summary
Methodology
Research Design
Analytical Model
Data Sources
Data Analysis
Summary
Results
Hypothesis Test Results
Summary
Summary and Conclusions

From the Paper
"Barriers to exit refer to the costs that would be incurred by a firm should that firm decide to stop participating in a given market. Thus, a market in which participating firms (1) are required to make a high cost investment in equipment and/or facilities, and (2) where such equipment and/or facilities may not (a) be easily transferable by a firm to use for other purposes, or (b) quickly sold without significant loss may be said to be characterized by barriers to exit. Market contestability is defined primarily in the context of ease of exit, and ease of exit is directly related to the barriers to exit character of a market. When a firm can leave an industry or market at little or no cost to the firm, the market is said to be contestable."

Tags:profitability, structure, conditions, demand, domination