Abstract
This paper will apply theoretical models of compulsory heterosexuality to an analysis of real-world experiences as exemplified in a high school dance experienced by the author. Later these same experiences will be mediated through the consciousness of an imaginary homosexual female subject of Chinese descent. It will be argued that compulsory heterosexuality functions on a variety of levels and cannot be interpreted simply as a Western or European construct. Rather, as much as with patriarchy, its reach is global and subtly pervasive.

Abstract
This in-depth paper outlines the history of eugenic policies against mentally disabled persons in the United States since the beginning of the 20th century and examines how such policies have been expanded to include minorities, especially poor women. It show these eugenic policies continue in the United States today via limitations on the reproductive rights of welfare recipients. The paper includes explanations of fallacies of arguments used to support these policies, and concludes that these policies unfairly discriminate against women.

From the Paper
"While the horrors committed in Nazi Germany forced the United States to reevaluate some of its more extreme eugenic tendencies, policymakers have failed to this day to examine some of the most basic ideologies that led to the original adoption of the eugenic measures. Unfortunately, the history of forced sterilization in the United States in the twentieth century continues to the present day, even to the point of pervading the debate on welfare reform. These arguments about the control of the reproductive rights of women receiving welfare aid are detrimental to the rights of women. It is therefore necessary that issues concerning the reproductive rights of women receiving welfare be eliminated from all discourse on the topic of welfare "reform."

Tags:contraception, disabled, discrimination, eugenics, mentally, minorities, norplant, welfare

Abstract
This paper stresses how 80 percent of Canada's federal timeservers are addicts, are ineffectively treated and are often continuing drug abuse through incarceration. The paper also discusses the delays in producing comprehensive programmes. This paper tackles the problem of ongoing ineffective approaches in Canada, and addresses the need to look abroad.

From the Paper
"Canadian research seldom looks to India, a country whose constitutions, legal system and institutions are fundamentally similar, all matters of penology or criminology impeded by a general lack of financing. This paper refers to a programme of meditation introduced in Indian prisons enabling persons to overcome addiction and problems of mental health while gaining a new orientation of themselves and their situations. The approach incorporates what is known as anger management in the West and does promote overall rehabilitation of the individual. Vipassana refers to..."

Tags:vipassana th, tihar jail, research

From the Paper
"This research examines the history of compulsory education laws in Texas. The initial discussion following this introduction traces the historical development of compulsory education laws in a general context. Following this general level discussion, the history of compulsory education laws in Texas is examined."

Abstract
This paper argues that military service should not become compulsory in America because too many anti-war sentiments exist.

From the Paper
"Compulsory military service exists in most countries of the world and is relatively effective there. In the United States, however, compulsive military service may not be as successful. A large proportion of Americans have not supported our most recent wars in other countries, so compulsory military service would be bringing together a group of people with mixed attitudes-some pro-war, many anti-war, and many just disinterested. This would not be the optimum mix for winning a war. In World War I and World War..."

Tags:military service, mandatory, compulsory, U.S., America

Abstract
The following paper will argue that voter decline in Great Britain can be stymied and reversed through a combination of compulsory voting and, more importantly, a transparent Single Transferable Vote process. The next several pages will highlight the problem of voter decline (especially amongst the young), discuss youth apathy, the consequences to Great Britain if the worrisome trend is not reversed, what changes are worth looking at, and why compulsory voting deserves to be part of the solution. In the end, a dual-pronged approach that makes people accountable and the system responsive and fair is the way to go.

From the Paper
Voter Decline in Britain: Some Possible Solutions Introduction The following paper will argue that voter decline in Great Britain can be stymied and reversed through a combination of compulsory voting and, more importantly, a transparent Single Transferable Vote process. The next several pages will highlight the problem of voter decline (especially amongst the young), discuss youth apathy, the consequences to Great Britain if the worrisome trend is not reversed, what changes are worth looking at, and why compulsory voting deserves to be part of the solution. In the end, a dual-pronged approach that makes people accountable and the

Tags:voter, decline, britain

Abstract
The paper discusses how by the end of the seventeenth century, Peter the Great realized that in order to establish Russia as a force to be reckoned with, he needed to overhaul the country's infrastructure to meet the state's changing needs. The paper explains that this would entail attempting to defeat Sweden, a bitter rival of Russia, and increasing Russia's status as a trading nation. The paper further explains that to accomplish this task, Peter found it necessary to reinforce and expand state compulsory service.

From the Paper
"By the end of the seventeenth century, Peter the Great realized that in order to establish Russia as a force to be reckoned with, he needed to..."

Tags:russia, history, frontier

Abstract
This paper highlights the causes and effects of the compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical products. The paper discusses the fundamental positions, attitude, inclination, and concerns of the developed world and the under-developed world with regard to the intellectual property rights of the pharmaceutical products. The paper also concentrates on the subject of the intellectual property rights of the biotechnology products. The paper also exposes the priorities of both the developed world and the under-developed world, priorities that have been a major hurdle in all previous negotiations on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection. Subsequently, the paper gives practical recommendations that ought to be followed in all future negotiations so that both parties can derive maximum benefits from the patentability of pharmaceutical products.

From the Paper
"Over the years, it has become a general belief that biodiversity will pave the way for a solution to almost all the diseases that exist today and continue to negatively influence our lives. This belief has led scientists to take further steps in the Research and development (R&D) of biotechnology. These steps comprise of various compounds, compounds that are biologically active, compounds that are natural resources, for example microbes, insects, fungi, marine organisms, and plants. However, laboratories are not capable of producing these complex biologically active and complex compounds. This is because the key places of genetic biodiversity are situated in the tropical and the subtropical regions of the world (Tara, 1994). Therefore, it is imperative for biotech scientists to go into the tropical forests with the purpose of locating these biologically active compounds."

Tags:drugs, biotechnology, patents

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive look at various programs of non-compulsory education for adults - over 16 years of age - in the United Kingdom. The paper discusses different population groups that these studies attract. The internet and associated technology is examined in relation to these educational endeavors, illustrating and explaining the concept of the virtual learning environment. The paper also describes distance learning. The pros and cons of these learning programs are detailed in the paper.

From the Paper
"VLEs take the use of the computer one step further; placing a wide variety of functionalities in one easily accessed area. A prototypical VLE may include such one-way communication tools as a central noticeboard, a course outline, class lists and student homepages, an online assignment page, a multimedia area, and a means to upload files. Using the noticeboard, the instructor can notify students of upcoming deadlines, make arrangements for simultaneous discussions, and other necessary communications. The course outline can be structured with hyperlinks to take the student directly to the assignment pages, as the class list can be linked to student e-mail addresses or homepages. The multimedia area, as discussed fully below, can deliver information in a means that takes full advantage of the web as a communication tool."

Tags:internet, virtual, distance, learning, teachers, vocational, college, university

Abstract
This paper discusses the pros and cons of physical education and whether or not it is really necessary to include this in the curriculum. It includes the author's own personal experiences with the class in high school so as to give the paper a casual feel rather than a stiff "point vs. point" view.

From the Paper
"However, some people believe that students need to learn about physical fitness, and for this reason, gym classes are a very important part of public education. It has been proven that the rate of overweight children has grown significantly in the past few decades and some believe this is due to lack of physical stimulation and entertainment for children that does not require them to exert any physical energy. It is hoped that by requiring students to take gym classes, they will learn proper fitness and how to keep themselves in shape.

Tags:bench, curriculum, gym, gymnasium, high, press, room, school, teaching, training, weight