Abstract This paper will apply theoretical models of compulsory heterosexuality to an analysis of real-world experiences as exemplified in a high school dance experienced by the author. Later these same experiences will be mediated through the consciousness of an imaginary homosexual female subject of Chinese descent. It will be argued that compulsory heterosexuality functions on a variety of levels and cannot be interpreted simply as a Western or European construct. Rather, as much as with patriarchy, its reach is global and subtly pervasive.
An in-depth study of the pedagogical and curricula implications of flexible learning environments and their related technologies on post-16 year old non-compulsory education in the United Kingdom.
Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive look at various programs of non-compulsory education for adults - over 16 years of age - in the United Kingdom. The paper discusses different population groups that these studies attract. The internet and associated technology is examined in relation to these educational endeavors, illustrating and explaining the concept of the virtual learning environment. The paper also describes distance learning. The pros and cons of these learning programs are detailed in the paper.
From the Paper "VLEs take the use of the computer one step further; placing a wide variety of functionalities in one easily accessed area. A prototypical VLE may include such one-way communication tools as a central noticeboard, a course outline, class lists and student homepages, an online assignment page, a multimedia area, and a means to upload files. Using the noticeboard, the instructor can notify students of upcoming deadlines, make arrangements for simultaneous discussions, and other necessary communications. The course outline can be structured with hyperlinks to take the student directly to the assignment pages, as the class list can be linked to student e-mail addresses or homepages. The multimedia area, as discussed fully below, can deliver information in a means that takes full advantage of the web as a communication tool."
Tags: internet, virtual, distance, learning, teachers, vocational, college, university
An extensive historical overview of the compulsory sterilization laws, their effect on modern policy and their impact on women's rights in the United States.
Abstract This in-depth paper outlines the history of eugenic policies against mentally disabled persons in the United States since the beginning of the 20th century and examines how such policies have been expanded to include minorities, especially poor women. It show these eugenic policies continue in the United States today via limitations on the reproductive rights of welfare recipients. The paper includes explanations of fallacies of arguments used to support these policies, and concludes that these policies unfairly discriminate against women.
From the Paper "While the horrors committed in Nazi Germany forced the United States to reevaluate some of its more extreme eugenic tendencies, policymakers have failed to this day to examine some of the most basic ideologies that led to the original adoption of the eugenic measures. Unfortunately, the history of forced sterilization in the United States in the twentieth century continues to the present day, even to the point of pervading the debate on welfare reform. These arguments about the control of the reproductive rights of women receiving welfare aid are detrimental to the rights of women. It is therefore necessary that issues concerning the reproductive rights of women receiving welfare be eliminated from all discourse on the topic of welfare ?reform.?
Abstract This paper debates the advantages and disadvantages of home schooling and public school education. This work focuses on both the pros and cons of home schooling and public compulsory education. Some of the main points of contention between home school advocates and public school advocates are related to socialization, cultural and moral issues, curricular issues, individualized learning issues, and of course focused and class size and school safety concerns. The paper asks: Does a home school setting offer enough curricular diversity?; Does a home school setting offer enough socio-cultural diversity?
From the Paper "Choosing the type of education your child will utilize is a very personal decision and is often debated on a philosophical, psychological and sadly even on an economic level. (Zellman1998 pp. 370-308). Because the decision is so personal and the perceived risks, sacrifices and rewards are so large many people both before and after the fact build very strong and vocal cases for the decision they have or will make for their child. In some cases this very vocal and powerful case for one or the other system can be seen as a demonstration that the other choices are less valid and or less beneficial to the child."
This paper discusses corporate communications in the pharmaceutical industry, especially the published annual reports of Pfizer, Abbott Laboratories, Abiomed, and World Heart Corporation.
Abstract This paper explains that corporate communications is a method of communication in which the company is discussed without trying to promote any specific product. The author points out that corporate communications has become even more complex than it was earlier because of the development of the electronic media. The paper states that the Annual Report is a compulsory document published by every company, which is one of the primary tools in the building of the image of a company to the stock market.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Corporate Communications
The Internet
E-mail
Feedback Functions of the Internet
The Case of VNU
The Annual Report
The Annual Report of Pfizer
The Annual Report of Abbott Laboratories
The Annual Report of Abiomed
The Annual Report of World Heart Corporation
Discussion of the Companies? Annual Reports
From the Paper "Today one of the most common tools of communications is the internet, and this was developed from an information sharing system originally developed by the US Department of Defense in the early part of the 1970s, when it was known as ARPA- Net. (Herman & Swiss, 2000). This has today grown into a worldwide network and reaches almost every computer that exists, and thus has networks linking millions of people through millions of computers. Some view this system only as an information resource, and certainly it has information resources, which can be easily tapped, but it is also a very powerful communication tool with some different ways of communication between different people in different parts of the world."
Abstract This paper highlights the causes and effects of the compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical products. The paper discusses the fundamental positions, attitude, inclination, and concerns of the developed world and the under-developed world with regard to the intellectual property rights of the pharmaceutical products. The paper also concentrates on the subject of the intellectual property rights of the biotechnology products. The paper also exposes the priorities of both the developed world and the under-developed world, priorities that have been a major hurdle in all previous negotiations on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection. Subsequently, the paper gives practical recommendations that ought to be followed in all future negotiations so that both parties can derive maximum benefits from the patentability of pharmaceutical products.
From the Paper "Over the years, it has become a general belief that biodiversity will pave the way for a solution to almost all the diseases that exist today and continue to negatively influence our lives. This belief has led scientists to take further steps in the Research and development (R&D) of biotechnology. These steps comprise of various compounds, compounds that are biologically active, compounds that are natural resources, for example microbes, insects, fungi, marine organisms, and plants. However, laboratories are not capable of producing these complex biologically active and complex compounds. This is because the key places of genetic biodiversity are situated in the tropical and the subtropical regions of the world (Tara, 1994). Therefore, it is imperative for biotech scientists to go into the tropical forests with the purpose of locating these biologically active compounds."
Abstract This paper studies the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act which guarantees access to free public education of the six million American children with disabilities. The paper explains that in its 26 year history, IDEA has never been fully funded by Congress. While the paper says that Congress has taken great strides in the last few years, IDEA is still underfunded. The paper cites statistics regarding the educational achievement of people with disabilities and calls on Congress to fulfill their promise of free compulsory education for the handicapped.
From the Paper "The basics of the proposal include (i) Making IDEA funding compulsory. (ii) Raise the federal contribution from 17% to 40% (iii) Achieve full funding in a phased manner over six years. (iv) Need states to maintain their level of endeavor (v) Motivate the schools to intervene early the life of the child and offer developmentally suitable programs and services. Developmentally suitable intervention during the initial years can remarkably lower subsequent referrals to special education and ultimately aid in controlling the costs of special education. According to Part B of the IDEA which was the first to be accorded by the Congress to contribute up to 40% of the Average Per Pupil Expenditure -- APPE for every special education student. With 6,153,000 covered under the IDEA, schools are eligible to receive $18.01 billion federal funds. Regrettably, schools are just receiving a paltry $7.5 billon. (National Education Association: IDEA Funding Coalition Offers Proposal -Plan would make funding mandatory)"
Abstract This paper discusses the pros and cons of physical education and whether or not it is really necessary to include this in the curriculum. It includes the author's own personal experiences with the class in high school so as to give the paper a casual feel rather than a stiff "point vs. point" view.
From the Paper "However, some people believe that students need to learn about physical fitness, and for this reason, gym classes are a very important part of public education. It has been proven that the rate of overweight children has grown significantly in the past few decades and some believe this is due to lack of physical stimulation and entertainment for children that does not require them to exert any physical energy. It is hoped that by requiring students to take gym classes, they will learn proper fitness and how to keep themselves in shape.
Abstract An extensive study of home-schooling, evaluating this form of education with a positive outlook based on a large body of evidence including standardized test scores, collegiate performance and expert opinions. The paper explores education theories and the history of public education in America. The author of the paper offers conclusive and thought-provoking arguments in favor of home-schooling.
From the Paper "For years, reform within the public, mandatory educational system was viewed by most as the only option for improving education. Now, we have seen the advent of the ?home schooling movement,? a response to educational reform involving complete renunciation of the public school system, and home schooling has received increasing media coverage. Yet the idea of teaching children at home is not a new one. Shaw and others saw the advantages of home schooling over a century ago. ?My schooling [...] prevented me from being educated to such an extent,? he wrote, "which infuriates me to think of all I might have learned at home by myself" (quoted by Libertarian). In his time, the idea of keeping a child at home, instead of sending them to school, was entertained by only a few radical thinkers, but it is now a viable option for American families, legal in all fifty states (Callaway 6). Given this newfound freedom, we should explore the possibility that home schooling is a superior approach to learning, with better long-term results, than public education -- just as the intellectual elite of Shaw's day suggested."
From the Paper "Thailand's educational history can be said to have begun in the middle of the Sukhothai period (13th Century) when King Ramkhamhaeng invented the Thai alphabet. Stone inscriptions of that period tell of moral, intellectual and cultural education. Early education was, however, limited to mainly the aristocracy and the Buddhist clergy (Sudaprasert, 1973).
The alphabet was created so that the many princes of the land would be literate enough to administer their provinces and communicate with the palace in the capital, while monks had to know how to read the religious texts from which they preached sermons to the peasants. The great bulk of the people was either in service or engaged in farming so they had little need for reading skills..."
From the Paper "This research examines the history of compulsory education laws in Texas. The initial discussion following this introduction traces the historical development of compulsory education laws in a general context. Following this general level discussion, the history of compulsory education laws in Texas is examined."
Abstract This paper discusses the education systems in both Britain where it is similar to that in the U.S. and Japan which has one of the most rigorous educational systems in the world. It briefly describes the structure of both systems and the level of involvement of the government in both countries in setting the curriculum as well as relevant statistics. It provides a compare and contrast analysis between the education systems in both countries highlighting definate similarities such as compulsory education between the ages of 5 and 16 and major differences such as social problems in Japan due to pressures to excel. Common issues in both the British and Japanese education systems are enhancing diversity, providing children with the tools necessary to remain current with technological advances, strengthening the relationship between schools, families, and communities.
From the Paper "There are two parallel educational systems in Britain: the state system, where education is provided free, and the independent system, where parents normally pay fees. (The British Education System). Nearly 1 in 13 British school-age children are in the independent system. (The British Education System). Britain has a national curriculum, i.e., a statement of the minimum learning requirements of all children at each stage in their education. (The British Education System). This curriculum is compulsory in the state system and while independent schools are not bound by it, most of them teach what the national curriculum demands. (The British Education System)."
Abstract This paper examines the many arguments for and against school uniforms in public schools and how the main concern has to do with the legality of making uniforms compulsory for public school students. The aim of mandating school uniforms is to create uniformity among students. Wearing school uniforms will help blur economic and class disparities among students since the all students will adorn the same clothes. It evaluates the legality of such a policy if implemented since the Supreme Court has made it clear that free speech extends to actions and dress and provides various facts and figures on those schools that have already implemented school uniform policies.
From the Paper "In certain areas of California certain colors convey that the person wearing it is a member of a gang. Sadly, even those who wear these colors who are not members of the gang often become victims of the gangs mindless violence simply for wearing "their" colors. Three thousand miles away in New York City, students have been victims of crime because they wear what is considered to expensive clothing, students are not only targeted by their fellow students but outsiders as well. In the early 1990's the infamous and costly ?8-Ball? jacket was highly sought after by thieves and many schools found themselves responding to situations because a student was attacked for his or her jacket."
Abstract This paper discusses how America is moving in the direction of acceptance concerning homosexuality and how laws are being challenged and attitudes are changing in the work place, churches and social events. It examines the need for a study about the effects of the negative academic experience for homosexual students and looks at how the study may shed light on the importance or lack of importance for the promotion as homosexuality as an accepted orientation in school. It examines how there are many reports of harassment of homosexual students but very little on the academic bias that homosexual students face for 12 years of compulsory education and what impact that bias has on their self esteem and their later adult life.
From the Paper "The case in Ca is considered part of a national trend for the acceptance of alternative lifestyles but it does nothing to address homosexual students and how the current mindset and curriculums in regular classes affect them. Homosexual students currently face the same dilemma that African American and Hispanic students faced in the past. Everything that is taught and projected in school today is geared to heterosexual mindsets. There are no examples of homosexuality in everyday curriculum.
AA's suffered the same sort of subliminal discrimination in school for many years until experts realized it had a negative impact on the students. While this problem is being addressed there are still no examples of homosexual lifestyle used in everyday curriculums in K-12 grades."
Abstract Compulsory, government-run unemployment insurance was instituted in the United States in 1935 during the Great Depression. It was controversial at the time, but it helped pull the country up from a uniquely difficult situation. This paper examines the arguments on both sides of the issue and argues for the benefits of privatizing the program.
From the Paper "On the other hand, natural disasters are seldom as widespread as economic depression can sometimes be; whereas a private insurance company can go broke due to a run on claims, the government can always increase the money supply to push the economy through the bad times. But depressions of the magnitude of the one in the 1930s are few and far between. It was probably the best thing for the government to step in and do what only it could do during a time of wholesale despair, but such measures should be implemented on a temporary basis only. Long-term policies should not be based on the worst case scenario, but on the common or typical scenario to best serve the people, not just in the worst of times, but for all time."
