Abstract
This paper presents and examines an experiment that identifies two unknown compounds based on their solubility, reactions with various organic and inorganic molecules and the melting point of certain synthesized derivatives containing the unknown. It describes the methods of the experiment and then presents and discusses the results obtained.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"The final step in the identification process was to make an acetamide derivative and its melting point to discover the primary amine (Organic Chemistry Lab Manual, 48-65). However, the recrystallization process did not yield any crystals, so the melting point of the actual unknown was measured. At 108-110oC, it would indicate 3-nitroaniline, which has a melting point of 113oC in literature (ChemIDplus Advanced). In addition, it does have a high molecular weight, 138.14 g/mol (ChemIDplus Advanced), as the solubility of its sulfonamide salt indicated (Organic Chemistry Lab Manual, 48-65). Finally, it is the only primary amine that is a yellow crystalline solid at room temperature (International Programme on Chemical Safety)."

Tags:solubility reaction, melting point, derivative

Abstract
This study examines the role ferrocene plays in the chemistry curriculum beginning with introductory chemistry through advanced studies in chemistry. The findings of the study indicate that ferrocene, when introduced in the basic concepts of chemistry and then continued as example and practice in analytical and advanced investigations, facilitates an overall understanding of chemical concepts while maximizing exposure to general, analytical, inorganic and organometallic concepts. Ferrocene becomes in essence a "one stop shop" for understanding.

Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Consistency in learning methods is essential to cognitive retention. The utilization of similar compounds as example, practice and teaching aids can facilitate better understanding of material through familiar experiences while at the same time enhancing the teaching experience. The defacto method of chemical education is to utilize classic textbook teaching of building on foundation concepts throughout the curriculum. While this methodolgy works well, it can be improved. Selecting one or more compounds to use as a foundation, "keystone" compound, would benefit both student and teacher. Currently in literature, there are copious examples throughout the college career that equates to confusion. By defining compounds that embody general chemistry, organic, inorganic, physical and analytical properities throughout the levels of chemical education, students understanding would greatly improve. The universities would also benefit due to the consistency expected at each level. Identifying such compounds would also lend itself to saving funds by limiting the compounds students are exposed to."

Tags:advanced, inorganic, studies, synthesis, analysis, understanding, analytical, technique, learning, structure

Abstract
This paper describes the need and benefits of calcium in our lives and discusses the detrimental or negative effects of overusing calcium resources.

From the Paper
"It is obvious, the impact that calcium compounds have on our world today. It goes without saying that our lives would be very different without them. They are an essential mineral to maintain health, and an important component of many things that we need to make our lives better.
However, all of this convenience is not without cost."

Tags:health, mining, industry, mortar, bones, hard, water, calcium, compounds

From the Paper
"Three derivatives of cobaloximes 1 containing substituted alkyl groups linked to the cobalt atom were prepared. Cobaloximes are cobalt(III) complexes in which two dimethylgloxime anions chelate the metal and form hydrogen bonds to each other1. This results in a planar tetrahedral group surrounding the cobalt with two axial groups. One axial group is the base pyridine and the second axial group is an alkyl group. In this reaction the pH of the solution determined which derivative was prepared. The oxidative addition of the acrylonitrile ligand 2 to the reduced cobaloximes in neutral solution produced the alpha derivative. In basic solution the beta derivative was formed. The third derivative was formed with the deprotonation of the beta derivative, which then underwent oxidative addition to form the trans derivative. The spectra of the cobaloximes derivatives were recorded using infrared and 1H NMR. The spectra were in agreement with the proposed structures of the derivatives."

Tags:chelatation, cobalamins, cobaloximes

From the Paper
"In recent years attention has been focused on the need to analyze organotin compounds. When tin is combined with materials that contain carbon, it is called an organotin compound and it is used to make plastics, food packages, plastic pipes, pesticides, paints, and pest repellents. Organotin compounds, specifically tributyltin and triphenyltin, should be regarded as highly toxic and when used in marine environments lead to severe problems for the local wildlife."

Tags:toxic

Abstract
This paper considers the potential for co-evolutionary interactions between plant secondary compounds and browsing mammals in a relatively simple system. It first briefly presents several theoretical ideas on plant-animal co-evolution and then present the evidence on interactions between mammalian browsers and woody plants in boreal regions that may bear on the co-evolutionary questions.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Co-evolution
Browsers and Food Plants in the Boreal Forest
Variation in Secondary Compounds and Browsing Resistance
Estimating Plant Fitness
The Herbivores: Hares, Moose, and Voles
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The evidence for the effects of secondary compounds on fitness has not been measured directly for boreal mammals. However, the evidence presented above suggests that they may be important. Both the fine-scale selectivity of browsers among similar plants and plant parts that vary in their levels of secondary compounds (Bryant et al. 1991a,b, Bryant et al. 1992) and the potentially severe effects of these chemicals on the herbivores' nutritional status (Iason and Palo 1991) suggest that the ability to avoid or detoxify secondary compounds is a result of selection."

Tags:mammalian, herbivores, ecosystem, genetic

Abstract
After a brief historical introduction to lead compounds, it explains what +2 and +4 cations are and examines their uses. The physical and chemical properties of the lead (II) halides are also discussed, with mention of "mixed" halides (e.g., PbFCl).

Outline
An Introduction to Lead
General Lead Dihalide Trends
Mixed Lead Halides
Lead Chloride
Lead Bromide
Lead Iodide
Lead Fluoride
Lead Tetrahalides
Lead Tetrafluoride
Lead Tetrachloride
Possible Lead Halide Application

From the Paper
"Lead, located at the bottom of group IVA on the periodic table is well known for being a massive (atomic mass is 207.2 amu) and dense element. The density characteristics associated with lead arise from its rather compact structure despite its large size. This occurs in accordance to the periodic trend that atom size decreases as one moves left to right across a period. This trend, in conjunction with the massive properties found among the period six elements, accounts for the elements ranging from osmium to lead in that row being the densest (osmium does have the largest density) known to exist."

Tags:bromide, chemistry, chloride, fluoride, inorganic, iodide

Abstract
Proteins are large, organic molecular compounds that are critical to the proper functioning of cells in every part of the human body, in every organ and tissue. The brief overview of several research studies to be provided here will show that athletes do require an increased intake of protein, but not to such a great extent as some might imagine.

From the Paper
Protein Needs for Athletes Proteins are large, organic molecular compounds that are critical to the proper functioning of cells in every part of the human body, in every organ and tissue. Proteins serve multiple functions: as enzymes to catalyze various reactions in cells (including DNA replication); as signaling intermediaries between cells; and as structural and mechanical elements, both forming and strengthening cellular mass in muscles and other cellular tissue (Branden and Tooze, 1999). It is this final function that is most relevant to the study at hand, which involves an inquiry into the unique protein needs of athletes, who are known to expend a great

Tags:protein, athletics, supplements

Abstract
The paper begins with a general overview of air pollutants and the discovery of "sick building" syndrome. Next the paper focuses the pollutants known as on MVOC's - microbial volatile organic compounds, studying their impact on human beings. It looks at the effects of molds on human health; namely, allergy, infection, irritation of the mucous membrane and sensory, or toxicity. It looks at the products of mold called mycotoxins, and their influence on health. The paper then turns to discuss analysis techniques, listing eight reasons why sampling is difficult. It also records criteria for ensuring the reliable measuring of indoor air VOC's. The third section of the paper deals with the growth and metabolism of indoor fungi and bacteria, focusing on the breeding and multiplying of molds. The paper concludes with a discussion on what can be done to minimize the problem and on the processes involved in treating a "sick building".

Table of Contents
Introduction
MVOCs as Indoor Pollutants and Their Impact on Human Beings
Analysis Techniques
Growth and Metabolism
Conclusion: What Can Be Done

From the Paper
"Air pollution pertains to substances and gases in the air that threaten health and life. Among these are pollutants and irritants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide; particulates, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic substances and some natural substances, like pollen. But most of the pollution comes from the by-products of industrialization fossil fuel combustion, transportation, transportation, power plant emissions and those from other industrial processes. The burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity alone is the greatest source of air pollution in the USA. These outdoor pollutants can undermine health and cause environmental disturbances, such as acid rain, and are toxic."

Tags:indoor, air, pollution, molds, mycotoxins, fungi, bacteria

From the Paper
"Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon compounds are central to the existence of every life form on earth. They make up the muscles of animals and human, the stems and leaves of plants, the molecules that transfer genetic information, protective clothing, hydrocarbons that breakdown to provide the energy for transport, and perhaps most important the food products for nutrition. In this paper, aspects of the relationship between organic chemistry and the three major food groups - carbohydrates, lipids and proteins - are explored.

An enormous amount of time and energy is spent preparing and eating the food that sustains and maintains human health. Consuming food is pleasurable and culturally significant, as exemplified by the holiday meals at Christmas, Hanukah, and the celebrations at wedding receptions. As a result of the abundance.."