Abstract This paper reviews reusable software components. According to the paper, reusable software components provide methods and techniques for structuring applications which are similar parts that share a characteristic element that can be utilized in creating more than one program or system in building different software applications. In other words, reusable software components encapsulates functionality where multiple occurrences of the components are usable at the same time while modifying it to fit a present application.
Outline:
Taxonomy Component Composition
Characteristics of Reusable Software Components Benefits of Reusable Software Components Reusable Artifacts
Design for Reuse
Component Based Development
From the Paper "Components are software modules that facilitates binary reuse, and their primary characteristic is that they can be "plugged in" together to build applications, that is, without the need for recompilation (Frakes, 1995). Component based development uses a data exchange model, tools, structured storage, and an underlying object model to construct applications from pre-existing components.
Some of the reusable components are developed in-house, and others may belong to libraries or toolkit. For an instance, a reusable software components uses interchangeable parts from other industries for software construction like communicating objects is embedding a spreadsheet within a word processor document, and a chart program within the spreadsheet; a single button in a graphical user interface, a small interest calculator, an interface to a database manager."
Abstract The paper looks at component systems and enabling systems, describing what they are, giving examples of their use and benefits and how they are integrated with other systems in this well known company.
Reviews the research reported by Ronald T.Kellogg in the article 'Working Memory Components in Written Sentence Generation', which appeared in the "American Journal of Psychology".
Abstract This paper reviews the research methodology of a study described in an article from the "American Journal of Psychology" by Ronald T.Kellogg, 'Working Memory Components in Written Sentence Generation. The paper explains that Kellogg designed his study to evaluate if planning conceptual representations and linguistically encoding them into words and sentences depends on working memory. The paper explains the two phases of the project, which concluded that a heavy load on working memory impacted students' sentence generation skills. The paper then describes a second study that will be modeled after Kellogg's study and will look at how a heavy load" on working memory impacted students' mathematical skills.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Purpose
Methods
Findings
Significance
Experiment II Purpose
Experiment II Method
Experiment II: Significance
From the Paper "After the 10 trials, students will be given a visual memory trial on their screen just prior to the mathematical task. As Kellogg previously discerned that a six-digit memory task was considered a "heavy load," students will be asked to remember a series of six digits. They will have 7 seconds to memorize the digits, before the mathematical trials will begin. Students will complete the mathematical trials, after which they will see a series of six dots. Students will type the digits from the memory trial, replacing each of the dots."
Abstract This paper relates the importance and need for in-store security at sporting goods stores, not only to prevent customer and employee thefts, but also for secure transactions for online sales as well. The author uses Bass Pro Shop Inc, a retail sporting goods store as an example and provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly and online organizational resources to identify, detail, and outline security components that will, can, and are currently being used in a Bass Pro Shop outlet, with both catalog and on-line sales.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Today, many Americans are becoming increasingly obese as a result of hanges in lifestyle that have contributed to more sedentary habits at work and play. These trends make the continuing success of sporting goods companies such as Bass Pro Shops all the more intriguing and worthy of study. One of the biggest challenges facing such retail growth industries is the need for in-store security to prevent customer and employee theft, as well as to ensure secure transactions for their online catalog sales. This paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly and online organizational resources to identify, detail, and outline security components that will, can, and are currently being used in a retail sporting goods store, a Bass Pro Shop outlet, with both catalog and on-line sales. A summary of the research and important findings are presented in the conclusion."
Abstract Explains the components of a basic computer system. Six integrated components of operation. How each interacts or interfaces with others. Computer features including Central Processing Unit (CPU), configuration (desktop or tower), upgrade components, System "bus," Random Access Memory (RAM). Physical components. Essential software. Printer. Technical support. Price. Discusses components operatinally and functionally.
From the Paper "A basic computer system consists of six integrated components of operation: operations hardware, data-storage hardware, operating system software, application software, application hardware (peripherals). Every computer system--for example Apple/Mac and IBM/PC machines--has each of these com.ponents and all of them. Component attributes will be summarized and explained hereafter, but it is important to recognize at the outset that each component interacts or "inter.faces" with others. Accordingly, definitions of system com.ponents, whether hardware or software, are best conceptualized operationally and functionally, in terms of what the user wants to do with the system or component instead of in terms of what it is.
Computer Features
Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU, as the term implies, is ..."
Abstract The differences between the emerging, component-based development and long-standing, object-oriented (OO) development are often unclear. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between OO and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper concludes with recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed. The paper includes figures.
From the Paper "There are also other differences between components and objects. One is the division of labor (Hurwitz, 1998). Components create two classes of developers. The first group of developers are highly skilled developers who can use all the power of objects to create fine-grained objects that they then string together to create large-grained business-oriented components. The second group is the traditional corporate developers who do not know how to program in complex object-oriented languages. These developers use components created by the more skilled developers. The corporate programmer is not allowed to change the component's content. Thus, a coarse-grained component does not allow inheritance to be applied, which protects the integrity of the component and helps prevent mistakes."
Abstract This paper explains and then applies the tri-component model to the "Jetson's" and the fast food industry. An effective component is the consumer's emotions or feelings about a particular product or brand, a cognitive component is the knowledge and perceptions that are acquired by a combination of direct experience with the attitude object and related information from various sources, and a conative component is the likelihood or tendency that an individual will undertake a specific action or behave in a particular way with regard to the attitude object. The author points out that classical conditioning can be applied successfully in marketing; in the case of the Jetson's, the theme is associated with the idea of family, of quality family time, of close bonds, and inter-familial connections. The paper relates that the marketing mix is a quiet residential area (place), the "Jetson's" theme, with "Jetson" products and playground (products) and a less aggressive advertising campaign, targeted especially on newcomers in our neighborhood (promotion), but price seems to be secondary with regards to customer satisfaction.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Tri-Component Model
Classical vs. Instrumental Conditioning
External factors
Conclusion
From the Paper "The company has opened a fast food outlet in a residential area, with a "Jetson" family theme. In many ways, the outlet is not much different from traditional fast food outlets, with the exception that, in order to attract a certain category of customers, we have introduced and perpetuated the "Jetson's" theme. What this actually means is that we have given names from the cartoon series to our products, we have opened a playground outside, of course, with themes from the "Jetson's", like a toy spaceship and have introduced several "future like" facilities into our outlet."
Abstract This paper discusses the similarities and differences between object-oriented (OO) and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper makes recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed.
From the Paper "Assembly languages started the abstraction process by coding the binary-based machine code, or pulse train of successive 0s and 1s, into assemblies representing particular machine code sequences (Hoagland). Next, higher level languages made coding closer to human readable. The language and its compilers were coordinated such that the output would give a computational valid result. OO programming raised the level of abstraction in programming even further. OO programming is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic."
Tags: data, binary, computer, program, lodic, random
Abstract This paper explains that the philosophy of RUP differs from that of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) in that it is architecture-based instead of process-based; RUP breaks the components of the systems development life cycle into phases, which may be subject to several iterations containing core workflows, which lead to an end milestone. The author points out that the basic structure of RUP is based on phases named inception, elaboration, construction and transition; these new sets of systems analysis are the workflows. The paper relates that one of the key advantages of the RUP system is that it allows larger systems to be broken down into components and then these components to be broken into hierarchies, which allows the developer to handle many unrelated architectural units rather than trying to integrate many unrelated components into a systematic waterfall-like system.
Table of Contents
RUP and the Systems Development Life Cycle
Methodology based on Systems Analysis
Phases of RUP
Advantages
Disadvantages
From the Paper "Authors have found many grounds upon which to criticize RUP. RUP has been found to be lacking in several areas. Arguments found in Hesse (2001) contend that it does not contain a contingency for enterprise reuse management, requirements modeling, enterprise specific architecture, enterprise specific risk management, human resource management, system operations, and systems support. He has developed a system that extends RUP to include these issues called Enterprise Unified Process (EUP). The authors of EUP point out that these issues are concerns in the real world for corporations. No one would argue that these issues are indeed real issues for corporations. However, it could be argued that these areas are outside of the realm of the systems developer and would be better left to the experts in these fields. They should be considered by the design team and the proper entities consulted in these issues. However, by strict definition of the job description of the systems developer, they would fall outside of their prescribed area of expertise."
An analysis of an article by Davison, McCarthy, and Jensen, ?Component Probability and Component Reinforcer Rate as Biasers of Free ? Operant Detection", focusing on the issue of behavior analysis.
Abstract This paper is a written summary, including a discussion of the article ?Component Probability and Component Reinforcer Rate as Biasers of Free ? Operant Detection? by Michael Davison, Diane McCarthy, and Chris Jensen. The paper outlines the article, which is a series of experiments relating to behavior analysis in general, specifically the matching law and signal detection theory. The paper presents and summarizes the series of experiments designed by McCarthy et al., including all observations, results, and conclusions.
From the Paper "This series of experiments was designed to test the applicability of the signal ? detection model of Davison and Tustin (1978) in free operant detection under two biasing manipulations. The first was variation of component frequency (The probability of presenting S1, a bright light, over S2, a dim light), which was varied in experiments 1a and 2a. The second manipulation was variation of the within-component reinforcer rates (reinforcement schedules one each key) in experiments 1b and 2b. Each variable was varied while holding the others constant."
Tags: critical, design, experiment, learning, motivation, psychology, research, skinner, theory
Abstract This paper examines how Tang Engineering, Inc. has been offered a potentially profitably contract with a major automobile manufacturer involving the production of a new engine component for Toyda Motor Company. It looks at how Tang Engineering has already conducted an experiment involving the manufacture of prototypes of the engine component that would be produced under the contract and attempts to determine the feasibility of the production of the engine component by the company within the mean unit production time constraint.
From the Paper "The key determining factors in the ability of the company to manufacture the engine component within the constraint of a mean unit production time of < 1.5 minutes are lathe speed and drill speed. Tang Engineering experimented with three different lathe speed setting and three different drill speed settings. The matching of lathe speed settings and drill speed settings in the production experiment resulted in five different manufacturing process states, as follows: State 1 (lathe speed setting 1 and drill speed setting 1); State 2 (lathe speed setting 1 and drill speed setting 3); State 3 (lathe speed setting 2 and drill speed setting 2); State 4 (lathe speed setting 3 and drill speed setting 1; and State 5 (lathe speed setting 3 and drill speed setting 3).
Production data were collected in relation to each of the experimental production process states. The data collected were (1) the number of engine components produced in a batch run and (2) the overall time required for the completion of each batch run. These data were analyzed to assess the feasibility of Tang Engineering's ability to manufacture the engine components within the constraint of a mean unit production time of < 1.5 minutes."
Tags: manufacture, contract, athe, speed, process, states
Abstract The components of the GDP are analyzed for their contribution to the estimated results. These include consumption, investment, government spending and net exports. The paper examines all these facts and concludes that the U.S. economy is not on the road of recovery anytime soon and that unless there is an increased level of consumption as well as exports, the likelihood of a higher GDP is dim.
From the Paper "One of the largest components of GDP, consumption depends largely on how the masses consume and the price index. In the last few months it could be seen that due to the energy crises, consumption of non-durable goods have slowed down. Producer indicates high price inflation which have gained as much as 1 percent in March, 2002. The rising price of energy which increased by 5.5 percent have resulted in approximately an increase in crude price upto 43%. As a result of this Economists at Bear Stearns predict that consumer price inflation will rise upto 1.5 percent for the year 2002 from 1.1 in 2001 [Bandur, April 2002]."
This paper is a complete engineering class group project to demonstrate the product development process for a Portable Compressed Air and Hydro-pneumatic Jack.
Abstract This paper presents a group engineering project from preselection between two products to market identification to manufacturing to prototype. The paper includes many tables and drawings.
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Product Planning
Mission Statement: Portable Compressed Air and Hydro-pneumatic Jack (car jack)
Mission Statement: Athletic Safety Support Pack
Identifying Customer Needs
Product Survey and Responses
Customer Needs Level of Importance
Product Specifications
Metric Level of Importance
Link Metric to Customer Needs
Benchmark on Customer Needs
Benchmark on Metrics
Assigned Marginal and Ideal Values for Metric Component Estimates
Final Metric Specifications
Product Uniqueness and Significance
Concept Generation
Clarify the Problem
Search Externally
Search Internally
Explore Systematically
Concept Selection
Concept Screening
Concept Scoring
Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
Manufacturing Cost
Reduction of Component Cost
Reduction of Assembly Cost and Supporting Production
Impact of DFM and Conclusion
Prototyping
Types and Purpose of Prototypes
Instructions for Tire Change
Prototype Uses
Prototype Strategy
Prototype Method(s)
Critique Evaluation
List of Sources
From the Paper "After careful evaluation of our two major products, we narrowed our focus to one, the Portable Compressed Air and Hydro-pneumatic Jack. Once we did this, we wanted to ensure that the product focused on customer needs. In order to understand where our product fulfilled customers? needs we identified the latent or hidden needs as well as explicit needs using a Product Survey and Response. We then used the result of the survey to provide a fact base for justifying the product specifications. We created an archival record of the needs activity using a table to ensure that no critical customer need was missed or forgotten."
Abstract This paper discusses how as the baby-boom generation has aged, the study of aging has become progressively more important and as a result the field of gerontology has become mature and studies on the effects of aging on memory have been at the forefront of this growth. It examines the results of a research study that was conducted to examine the differences between age groups on three components of memory function. The components investigated were working memory, implicit/explicit memory, and semantic organization.
From the Paper "The examination of aging and memory is now a heavily researched area. Recent studies have included investigations of age-related slowing of information processing in mental imagery tasks (Briggs, Raz, and Marks, 1999) and the influence of physical ailments such as hearing loss on both memory and memory-related tasks (Alain and Woods, 1999). Another area of scrutiny has been the differences in memory in younger and older people. Maki, Zonderman, and Weingartner (1999) recently completed a study that indicated that, while younger people performed better than older subjects on some memory tasks, the performance of the older respondents was better if their self-assessment of their memory was accurate, lending some more confirmation to the metamemory studies of Zelinski, et al."
Abstract This paper looks at the development of a web application sales programme for Discount Components, a company that sells computer components at discounted prices in order for them to sell their merchandise on-line. It shows how the idea was to use Java servlets and the incorporation of JavaScript into the code as well as a connection to an Oracle database as opposed to an Access database.
Outline
Introduction
System Description
UML
Current Status
What Was Learned
Summary
From the Paper "Any data entered into the application is verified using JavaScript, and the screen's that are displayed are in HTML format. The way that we have set up the code, this application could be used generically for any company with merchandise. All of the lists, and displays are created directly from the hard drive, nothing is hard coded into our programme. This gives the application added functionality, and salability when bringing it to other companies in the future."
