Abstract This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) in the management of biliary complications, which occur among patients who had undergone cadaveric liver transplantation. The author describe the the biliary system and the factors causing biliary complications. The paper concludes that ERCP is an effective treatment modality to manage biliary leaks and anastomotic strictures. However, the effectiveness of ERCP relies on the earliest diagnosis and the nature of leaks and strictures. The author indicates the need to standardize these complications using ERCP treatments requires more randomized studies, as findings still remain controversial.
Table of Contents:
Factors Causing Biliary Complications Diagnosis of Biliary Complications Biliary Strictures
Biliary Leaks
Conclusion
From the Paper "Late appearing strictures result from vascular insufficiency and problems from healing and fibrosis. They may develop several months to years after grafting. In the study, the mean time of diagnosis was 153 days, and the duration of time it took to diagnose ranged from 13 to 824 days. Fifty-six percent of those with biliary strictures were detected within the first three months, 30.4% between three months to a year, and 13% thereafter. Therefore, majority of the diagnosed strictures were early strictures which may have resulted from technical errors."
Tags: reconstruction leaks, anastomotic strictures, response rate, early detection
A discussion of a number of strategies and intervention that nurses can employ to prevent complications after surgery for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, 2002, $ 87.95
Abstract Discusses a number of strategies & interventions nurses can employ to prevent complications ater surgery for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Description of COPD including prevelance, conditions, symptoms. Sociodemographics & medical profile. Risks. COPD education. Examines nursing interventions including exercises & weight loss program.; psychosocial support. Value of physical assessment data. Nursing applications.
From the Paper "Nursing Interventions to Prevent Postoperative Complications in Copd Patients
Introduction
Madison, and Irwin (1998) define Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a sort of umbrella term that refers to a large group of lung diseases which can interfere with normal breathing. In their discussion of the various illnesses that are associated with the condition, COPD Support (2001), notes that there are three basic conditions which COPD patients can suffer from: emphysema (the progressive destruction of the grape-like sacs that exchange oxygen in the air for carbon dioxide); chronic bronchitis; and chronic asthma. Not all patients have all three conditions, although a few do.
In a report issued by the National Institutes of Health..."
Abstract The paper examines how the acts of rebelliousness that Nomi engages in Miriam Toews' "A Complicated Kindness" are microcosms of the struggle in the world outside East Village. It looks at how by smoking and celebrating the coming of a new year, Nomi is rebelling against social controls and is trying to redefine social norms into newer socioeconomic systems. It also discusses how Nomi's choice to start taking the pill is representative of the sexual movement occurring in the seventies and the act of burning Travis' truck is reflective of the strong feminist wave that was also prominent in seventies.
From the Paper "The second act of rebelliousness that Nomi engages in is listening to outside media in the form of music. Throughout the novel there are continuous references to songs such as Terry Jacks '45 of Seasons in the Sun (4), Nazareth's Love Hurts (104) and other bands. At the New Year's Party she talks to Travis about music with emphasis on reggae, which was becoming popular in the U.S. by this time. By saying that "even a Menno sheltered from the world knows not to stick her tongue into the mouth of a boy who owns an Air Supply record" (23) the importance of music to Nomi is emphasized. This act of defiance is a microcosm of the seventies ethos of music as a great number of artists and bands like Lou Reed and Pink Floyd reached their peak and the new generation was also exposed to newer media hence exposure to new ideas in every field."
Abstract This paper defines bereavement and complicated bereavement and discusses how loss(es) from a person's early years impacts the grieving process of a death in the later years. The author describes the inability to adjust, disruption of ability of mourner to carry on daily activities, poor functioning, inability to take part in the grieving process, possible physical ailments and repression. The paper relates methods of intervention and treatment.
From the Paper "Aiken states that bereavement literally means to be deprived by death. He goes on to note that grief consists of the emotional reactions that accompany loss in general and bereavement in particular."
Abstract This paper reviews a longitudinal study conducted by Pennsylvania State University, which reveals that the effects of divorce on children depend on the parents? marriage. Children of couples who fight a lot tend to fare better psychologically and socially after divorce than do the children of couples whose marriages show few outward signs of stress. The author points out that a new book, "The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce,'' by psychologist Judith Wallerstein, based on a recent study, argues that emotional complications are common among adult children of divorced parents, although many of these complications may not be fully evident until decades after the breakup. The paper cites a recent report by Kather and Rembar at Children's Psychiatric Hospital, University of Michigan, that a father lost through divorce is associated with diminished self-concepts in children and that one of the most devastating affects on a child is fear of abandonment by the remaining parent.
Table of Contents
Parent's Marriage, Child Post-Divorce
Implications for a Child's Future
View of Children in a Divorcing Family
A Summary of Effects
From the Paper "On the positive side, the researchers found that the adult children of divorced parents have strong survival instincts. The same experiences that hindered relationships were effective in the workplace. The study participants had a good deal of success getting along with difficult people, and those who had mothers who often said one thing and fathers who said another became adept at making up their own minds.
The study also compared the adults from divorced families to 44 adults from intact families. Children of intact marriages took strength from their parents' decision to stay together, the researchers found, even though the marriage may have had conflict and unhappiness similar to those of families that broke up."
Tags: signs, complications, decades, abandon, father
Abstract This paper explains that the symptoms of campylobacter food poisoning usually present within 2-5 days after the consumption of the organism and include diarrhea, which may have blood or white blood cells in it, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, headache and muscle pain. The author points out that campylobacter is commonly found in raw chicken, raw milk and non-chlorinated water; the bacteria can be destroyed, thus preventing food poisoning, by cooking chicken, pasteurizing milk, and chlorinating drinking water. The paper relates that, although they are rare, there are a number of complications associated with the disease: Reactive arthritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, septicemia and infections of organs, meningitis, recurrent colitis, acute cholecystitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome; the estimated case/fatality ratio for all C. jejuni infections is 0.1, meaning one death per 1,000 cases.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Cause and Nature
Victims and Extent of Disease
Complications Foods and Outbreaks
Remedies
Conclusion
From the Paper "While there is usually only a small population of people affected at a time, generally fewer than 50, Bennington, VT experienced a "large outbreak involving about 2,000 people while the town was temporarily using a non-chlorinated water source as a water." Dairies can be responsible for outbreaks when children become infected during field trips, or if they do not properly pasteurize the milk according to industry standards, such as the case in 1986 when 32 students of an elementary school became infected."
Abstract This paper discusses the book, "Heart of Darkness" written by Joseph Conrad. The paper provides a plan by which to write an essay on this book. It presents the general lines of reasoning and the major themes and symbols that need to be referred to when discussing the question of complicity. The paper offers an outline that can be filled with examples and supporting (or contrary) ideas. It also provides a comprehensive exposition of the general lines of a book that can be difficult to come to terms with.
Outline
Introduction
Relationships between Characters
Relationship between Reader and Narrator
Relationship between Reader and Author
The Nature of Complicity
From the Paper "On November 15, 1884, the representatives of fourteen European powers and a plethora of ambassadors gathered in Berlin to decide the faith of colonial Africa. From 1884 to 1909, 5 to 21 million Africans (about 50% of the population of the Congo Basin) perished. Such collective palliation of the crimes of humanity was called by some "a whitewashed official complicity in political spheres". Along with this, it is important to note that Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness, serialized in 1899, holds a central position in what is defined as "colonial literature", developing on a number of different themes, European imperialism and shared complicity in particular. The hushed complicity we can observe in Heart of Darkness involves the protection of a common secret, leading to the covering up of a joint guilt. But to properly understand complicity, we should bear in mind that it is rooted in a complex relationship of proximity and mutual understanding."
Tags: colonial, empire, exploitation, racism, slavery, white
Abstract This paper discusses obesity as a complicated and rapidly advancing disease affecting millions of people every year. It analyzes the multiple environmental and genetic factors that may contribute to obesity, as well as patients' risks for co morbid conditions and complications. It discusses the benefits of weight-loss for obese patients.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition
Incidence
Pathophysiology and Epidemiology Obesity
Signs and Symptoms
Anesthesia Management
Conclusions
From the Paper "Physiological changes and pharmacokinetic implications exist for obese patients and the anesthesiologist working with them (Casati & Putzu, 2005). Obesity increases fat and lean body mass, with fat tissue increasing at a rate higher than lean body mass, which can affect the distribution of anesthesia based on the lipid solubility of the drug (Casati & Putzu, 2005). Loading doses are often necessary and must be adjusted based on a patient's weight (Casati & Putzu, 2005). Dosages of pharmacokinetic agents are often based on ideal rather than actual total body weight (Casati & Putzu, 2005). Drug dosing is often based overall on the "volume of distribution for the loading dose and on the clearance for maintenance, with volume of distribution being increased if drug is distributed among lean and fat tissues (Casati & Putzu, 2005)."
Abstract The paper explores how quality of life in patients with diabetes is a large concern for nurses. The paper discusses how complications associated with diabetes are the main contributors to disability and death rather than the disease itself. The paper explains that one type of intervention that can greatly decrease the likelihood of complications is preventive self-care activities.
Outline:
Statement of Issue
Concern to Professional Nursing
Intervention
Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper "Quality of life in patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes is a large concern for nurses. Unlike acute disease processes, chronic disease in patients, while therapeutic relations between nurse and patient can strengthen over time, they must also be evaluated to determine the effectivity of treatment. Interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients have significant value. DeSouza and Nairy (2003) reported a significant improvement in quality of life parameters with nurse-directed intervention. Some of these interventions involve patient empowerment through teaching of self-care activities that not only aid both health care provider and patient to jointly participate in managing diabetes, but also impart to both patient and family a sense of control over this chronic disease."
Abstract This paper discusses nursing management of cystic fibrosis (CF). It begins by describing the pathophysiology of the disease and the risk factors associated with it. The paper then looks at complications that may arise with the disease and possible treatment options that are available. Finally, the paper discusses the overall nursing management of CF.
From the Paper "Some of the many complications that may arise in CF patients are pulmonary in nature. Apart from pneumonia, a host of pulmonary complications such as atelectasis, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, allergic aspergillosis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, acute respiratory failure and chronic respiratory failure may result during the natural history of CF (Boat, 1998). Salt depletion can also occur in CF patients, particularly during warm weather and activity where sweat is excessively excreted. Gastrointestinal complications, including those of the hepatobiliary tree include intestinal obstruction, liver disease, pancreatitis and hyperglycemia may also occur and are treated accordingly."
Abstract The paper describes the disease and the associated complications. It lists the advantages of screening for the disease and goes on to describe the prescribed treatment. Prevention of contraction is also discussed.
From the Paper "Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted bacteria infections in the United States (Knowles 1). The complete name for it is chlamydia (klak-MIH-dee-ah) (trachomatis (trah-ko-MAH-tis). This disease can infect the penis, vagina, anus, urethra, or eyes. It has been know for causing blindness for centuries. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease. The problem with this STD is that there may be no symptoms. Over three million American women and men have this disease each year. This disease has been reported to cause more than 250,000 cases of acute epididymitis. "Epididymitis can lead to sterility" (Knowles 1)."
Abstract This paper focuses on the theme of seduction in the play "Madame Butterfly". The writer concentrates on the complicated relationship between Gallimard and Song. The author indicates that while it appears to be the story of a man being tricked by a woman, it later becomes known that Song is actually a man trying to save himself from the new Chinese communist government. The paper concludes by highlighting how the themes of seduction could be accentuated in a production of the play, through the set, lighting and music.
From the Paper "In the play the character Gallimard, is seduced by both Song and by his own idea of Song. The seduction of Gallimard is a seduction perpetrated by his own stereotyped ideal of what an Asian woman is and can be for a white man mainly, submissive and by his actual seduction by Song the actor. In the very beginning of the interaction between Gallimard and Song there is the hint of a deception. Song laughs at him when he tells her that she made a convincing butterfly. "Convincing as a Japanese Women"? she says. (Hwang, 1988 17) Yet, Gallimard must have given her some real indication that he believed that she was a woman, or she was just desperate to win the favor of someone who could give her the information that she needed to save herself".
Abstract Discusses the relationship between fear and racial or ethnic discrimination as complicated. Connection to one's cultural world and values. Forms of discrimination against African Americans (workplace, community) & against other ethnic groups. Fear of social violence. Low self-esteem and the emotion of fear, and fear based on concrete situations. How differences trigger fear. Police reactions.
From the Paper "The emotion of fear is an essential part of human development and experience. For adults, fear sends crucial messages to the mind about potential dangers and reflects an individual's emotional vulnerability about certain issues or situations (Owen, 1998, p. 483). Various individuals can develop a wide range of fears towards many objects and situations, such as fear of heights and open spaces. However, while some fears can be considered a regular part of a healthy normal life, fears that are related to abuse and discriminatory situations can have a debilitating effect on the overall well-being of the individuals concerned (Owen, 1998, p. 483). In this essay, the complex connection between the emotion of fear and discrimination will be explored. Racial or ethnic discrimination is used because it is also manifested in other forms of..."
Abstract Examines era of the 1990s as a complicated transitional period from Communism to political democracy. Problems of changing a unitary state into a federalist democracy; inability to collect taxes, economic stagnantion. The influence of the Russian Mafia. Examines growth of organized crime and its control of business companies. Democracy as an outside force.
From the Paper From Communism to Political Democracy. The Russian Experience
Introduction:
The entire development of Russia starting in 1990 until today has been a complicated transitional period: the transformation of a unitary state into a federalist democracy.
Democracy has been hurt by many of Boris Yeltsin's economic reforms. His attempt to move from public to private ownership was fraught with problems. During the last five years of Yeltsin's presidency, domestic production dropped 41 percent and unemployment rose 7 percent. Rampant inflation..which caused prices to rise as much as 2,500 percent..has at times made food and other necessities unaffordable. Statistics show that 20 percent of Russians are now living under the official poverty level. Some Russians wish for the days of Communism where at..."
Abstract This essay will explore the complications of discussing race and racism in terms of other groups such as Aboriginals and Asians. I would argue that the prejudice directed against people of African heritage is of a fundamentally different order than that directed at other groups such as Asians. This fact suggests the inadequacies of racism as a broad concept, and indicates the need for a more careful revision of this concept.
