Abstract
This paper examines Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow's book which discusses the relevance and potential of the chaos and complexity theories in terms of improving health services management in the United States. It highlights that reevaluating professional knowledge and assumptions in a field as complex as health care can be unsettling, but it can also invigorating.

From the Paper
"In "Commentary: The Potential of Chaos Theory and Complexity Theory for Health Services Management", Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow examine the relevance and potential of these theories in terms of improving health services management in the United States. They emphasize that reevaluating professional knowledge and assumptions in a field as complex as health care can be unsettling, but it can also invigorating. Because of the potential benefits of such an approach, Arndt and Bigelow (2000) argue in their article that applying chaos theory and complexity theory to health services management is worthy of pursuit, despite potential controversy or disputes regarding the validity of this approach. Since America's health care system is plagued by inherent complexity and chaos, applying ..."

Tags:chaos, and, complexity

Abstract
In this essay, the writer analyzes the statement that the community complexity should be fostered. The writer notes that the community is part of that world and is becoming more tied to the external world all the time through links with other communities, including new communities that did not exist only a few years ago, notably the online community that people access through their computers. The writer points out that the time is long past when a community can exist largely on its own, and even the most rural communities are tied to the outside world more firmly than was true in the past.

Tags:community, complexity, analysis

Abstract
This paper examines various complexity metrics software such as McCabe's Cyclomatic Metrics and Halstead Complexity Measures.The author points out that there are many opinions surrounding the usage of the various metrics particularly in relation to the clarity of the results that they produce. The paper relates that many of the metrics are language independent or can be easily adapted to measure many of the most common languages. The paper includes several formulas and long quotations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
McCabe's Cyclomatic Metrics
Halsteads Complexity Measures
Henry and Kafura
Source Lines of Code (SLOC)
Weighted Methods per Class (WMC)
Choice of Programming Paradigms and Computer Languages Impact on the Choice of Metrics Used in a Given Situation
Metrics from the Management Perspective and How Metrics Can Aid in the Improvement of the Software Process
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The quantity and the complexity of methods involved is a predictor of the amount of time and effort necessary to create and maintain the class. The more significant the number of methods within a class, the greater the possible impact on children. Such an impact exists because children inherit all of the methods defined within the parent class. In addition when classes have large numbers of methods there is usually more application specific, which limits the likelihood of reuse. WMC is a natural number. The calculation for this metric is WMC is the sum of all V(G methods) in a class."

Tags:cyclomatic, languages, improvement, calculation, traps

Abstract
This paper explains that many assumptions about how organizations work were drawn from scientific principles first developed during the 17th century. However, in the 21st century, these principles work less successfully when faced with constant, rapid and unpredictable change. The author points out that the various sciences of complexity have found that all complex systems share certain generic characteristics and can be used to understand the process of change, adaptation and evolution of both the business process and information systems (IS) within the context of complexity. The paper states that the question of adaptation of information technology systems is studied from the perspective of adaptive evolution using the model of biological change.

From the Paper
"Jan Varela has identified the principles of resonance and coherence. Resonance may be interpreted in terms of individual elements working in concert with each other, despite the fact that their focus is on their own welfare. Coherence is the way all the elements in a system create a whole when again they work selfishly. Coherence is also associated with emergence and relates to properties which cannot be predicted from a study of the parts. Emergence may be seen as the transition from local rules or principles of interaction between individual components or agents, to global principles or states encompassing the entire collection of agents. That transition is produced by explicit principles such as coherence and resonance providing local and global levels of analysis. Although emergence as a phenomenon is familiar to philosophers, systems theorists and complexity researchers, the process of emergence, that is the process which allows the transition from a simple set of rules to global, unpredictable and innovative behavior, is still not understood, nor is the role it plays in any method of intervention. Some researchers are beginning to explore the concept, and the investigator will monitor that research as it will have significant impact on an understanding of the design principles for the business process and information systems."

Tags:systems, social, adaptation, evolution, coherence

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the term of "hunter- gatherer" can be applied to a specific type of social behavior where prehistoric human beings acquired food through hunting or gathering. The author stresses that complexity is a progressive event among human communities.

Abstract
This research paper compares the differences in predation in two goldfish species in complex and simple habitats. The paper explains that the researchers' initial hypothesis was that more complex environments should have higher biodiversity to lower predation rates. The paper notes that complex environments showed higher predation rates on both gammarus and daphnia than simple environments. The paper proposed that the difference could be due to the goldfish having to search harder for prey in complex environments than in simple environments. In conclusion, the paper states that the researchers had to reject their hypothesis because the predation rates of daphnia and biodiversity were statistically significant. This paper contains illustrative charts, figures, and tables.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Results
Discussion
References

From the Paper
"The t-test analysis of predation on gammarus (P=0.035622017) showed a statistically significant difference. The predation rates on gammarus in simple and complex environments were very different (Figure 1). In simple environments the predation rate was lower than in complex environments.
"The t-test analysis of predation on daphnia (P=0.148903875) did not show a significant difference between simple and complex environments. The predation rates on gammarus were slightly higher in complex environments than in simple environments (Figure 1)."

Tags:biodiversity, balance

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether there is any significance in human life. This essay shows, through reference to five passages - from Shakespeare, Ibsen, Kafka, Dostoevsky, and Nietzsche - that this issue has preoccupied writers and philosophers for centuries. The writer points out that through the voices of dramatic and fictional characters, as well as through the direct authorial voice, these men expressed a range of perspectives on this topic.

From the Paper
One of the central questions of life in the modern age is whether there is any significance in our lives given the complexity of human society and how it seems to limit and restrict our freedom.

Tags:existentialism, philosophy, literature

Abstract
The paper explores how William Faulkner's" A Rose for Emily" reveals the complexity of love and how it can shape an individual. The paper examines the story's themes of grotesque love, denial, mystery and death. The paper focuses on the techniques employed by Faulkner to construct this mysterious love tale, that include narration, imagery and symbolism.

From the Paper
"William Faulkner's short story, "A Rose for Emily," captures our attention because it is a love story and a mystery at the same time. The love story is embedded in the dark mystery that surrounds Miss Emily, a mysterious old lady that grows increasingly eccentric with time. Faulkner paints an incredible picture by setting up the story and enticing the reader with the mystery that surrounds Miss Emily. That alone is enough to keep us reading. We want to know what it is about her that warrants a short story. We do not know until the last paragraphs of the story and Faulkner's ability to keep us reading until those last words demonstrates his skill as a writer. He utilizes several techniques to construct this mysterious love tale, including narration, imagery, and symbolism. Love is at the heart of this story but there is much more to it than that. Love also becomes the motivating factor for Emily's bizarre behavior. Love is indeed a mystery and nothing startles us like the macabre mystery of Miss Emily."

Tags:death, mystery, love, denial, narration, imagery, symbolism

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the complexity of the heroic character of Aeneas, within Virgil's poem, "Aeneid". According to the paper, in the character of Aeneas, Virgil creates a character who is not just a good warrior and strategist, but also one who is infused with moral piety and a sense of a larger purpose and destiny.

From the Paper
"Other key characters in the Aeneid by Virgil are, in general and comparatively speaking, far more one- dimensional, and therefore not nearly as complex as Aeneas himself. Turnus, for instance, Aeneas's rival and enemy on the battlefield, is strong in war (at least initially) but lacks any of the moral piety and respect for the gods that Aeneas clearly possesses. Juno, Aeneas's nemesis, is similarly stubborn and vengeful, i.e., much the opposite of Aeneas himself. For instance, Juno continues, vengefully, to wish to keep punishing Aeneas, and gives up on doing so only after Jupiter twice says that Aeneas is fated to win.
While Aeneas is reflective; respectful of the gods and fate, and deeply pious, then, Juno is stubbornly, single-mindedly vengeful; antagonistic, and angry toward a god more important than herself, and toward mortals, too - qualities that are, ultimately, symbolically vanquished by more positive qualities, e.g., moral piety; patience, humility and obedience toward the gods as embodied by Aeneas."

Tags:warrior, hero, battlefield, Pallas, Juno

Abstract
This papers looks at the moral complexities of abortion when performed on a woman rape victim. The paper examines how these complexities lead to conflicts -- within the individual, between doctors and patients, and within the wider medical community.

From the Paper
"Without fail the issue of abortion elicits passionate reactions from virtually everyone who discusses it due the emotional personal nature of the subject. The philosophical questions that such a topic raises often strike at the very heart of one's religious..."

Tags:abortion, rape, pro-life, pro-choice, stem-cell, fetal rights, medical ethics