Abstract
This paper summarizes the article by Prahalad and Hamel, "The Core Competence of the Corporation."

From the Paper
"In their article, "The Core Competence of the Corporation", C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel examine the case of two telecommunications companies, GTE and NEC, that started with similar business portfolios but achieved widely divergent results. While GTE's international position eroded, that of NEC improved, making it a world leader in its industry. The difference between the two companies, the authors assert, is that NEC conceived of itself in terms of core competencies and GTE did not."

Tags:core competence, corporation, business, competency, competencies, article summary

Abstract
The following presents Purnell's model for cultural competence and its application to a minor patient of the Hmong culture.

From the Paper
"The following presents Purnell's model for cultural competence and its application to a minor patient of the Hmong culture. The plan presented included consideration for clinical facilitators and barriers to treatment which centered on the need for cultural sensitivity and consideration in each aspect of treatment. Thus, methods for measurement and evaluation of outcomes must include this cultural consideration and all collaborative practices with disciplines and stakeholders must include this cultural sensitivity. Advanced Practice Nursing mentorship enhancement plans must also be focused on helping less experienced nurses develop..."

Tags:The, following, presents, Purnell's, model, for, cultural, competence, and, itsapplication, to, a, minor, patient, of, the, Hmong, culture.

Abstract
This paper presents a review of the literature which examines the assessment of cultural competence. The paper addresses the background and problem statement, the legal, political, social and policy issues, the past and current research, and the synthesis of issues and direction for future research.

From the Paper
"In their introduction to a series of readings in cultural competence and healthcare, Rundle, Carvalho and Robinson define cultural competence as a collective of skills, attitudes and knowledge that allow healthcare providers to work effectively within organizations, institutions and other healthcare systems with patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds and/or racial origins. Culturally competent healthcare personnel, such as nurses and doctors, are said to be sensitive to cultural differences, aware of the impact of culture on..."

Tags:cultural competence, Nursing, assessment

Abstract
This paper examines and discusses Patricia Benner's model of clinical nurse competence. A brief biography of Benner's career is provided followed by a delineation of her theory and its basic concepts and assumptions. Research supporting the theory is also examined. Finally, various applications of the theory to actual nurse practice are discussed.

From the Paper
"Pat Benner is a professor in the Department of Physiological Nursing in the School of Nursing at the University o fCalifornia San Francisco. She holds the following degrees R. N. , PhD, FAAN. Benner received her bachelor's degree in nursing from Pasadena College, her master's degree in medical surgical nursing from the University of California at San Francisco and her PhD from the University of California Berkeley. Pat Benner is a well known author of several books as well..."

Tags:clinical competence, nurse, theory, career, Patricia Benner

Abstract
This paper explains that it is imperative that ESL students are evaluated in the primary stages of instruction to develop an appropriate course of action for ESL instruction. The paper continues that it is important to develop activities tailored to the student population to encourage individual growth and academic competence. The author believes that students in the ESL classroom must recognize that stress is a part of daily living.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Achievement of Academic Competence
Activities to Improve Academic Competence
Reading and its Contribution to Academic Competence
Principles for Helping ESL Students Develop Academic Competence
Stress and Academic Competence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The importance of reading as a means of learning any type of subject matter cannot be undermined as it is the foundation of academic competence in any subject. Furthermore, English as a Second Language instruction is especially dependent upon reading as a precursor for academic achievement and independent learning. Clarke (203) has identified the importance of psycholinguistic principles in reading and ESL instruction. Furthermore, it should be noted that in general, reading is basically the same process in any language and that it is transferable from one language to another (Clarke 203). Shih (289) also affirms that ESL classrooms must concentrate on the development of reading strategies that include the construction of background knowledge, guided reading of a text, and post-reading exercises, including discussion and writing activities, all designed to promote reading skill enhancement. In the primary stages of reading development in ESL classes, the focus lies on reading development, and study skills are not separated from their ties to specific academic assignments. However, it is critical for students to acquire basic study skills that will promote successful mastery of the English language and academic competence in the classroom."

Tags:instruction, stress, stages, plan, classroom

Abstract
This paper explains that generic competence refers to the ability of the reader to understand the implied language, the setting and the period of time of a specific genre that has its own system of codes, called generic repertoire with which the reader has to be familiar to fully understand the meaning of the story. The author points out that every mystery story, such as Agatha Christie's "Witness for the Prosecution", contains an enigma that must be solved by the protagonist; the reader must have the generic competence to understand all the information that is given by the narrator. The paper relates that the reader's generic competence of the fairy tales includes the knowledge of its origin, characters, moral role and related primary fairy tales; Angela Carter's "The Tiger's Bride" contains a moral role; therefore, the implied reader must look for a message inside the story.

From the Paper
""The Tiger's Bride" has a strong connection to other fairy tales such as "Cupid and Psyche", "Beauty and The Beast" and "The Courtship of Mr. Lyon". The importance of generic competence here is the primary readings of the related fairy tales, in order to be able to see the similarity and difference between them all. In all four stories the most important similarity is that they all involved the sacrificing of a daughter by her father. In "The Tiger's Bride" the father had lost his daughter in a card game and she therefore must go with the beast. There is also the mention of a lamb- " ...where the lion lies down with the lamb" (51), "The tiger will never lie down with the lamb" (64). The implied reader's generic competence relates the lamb with the sacrificing of Isaac in the Bible. Isaac's father, Abraham, was about to sacrifice him to god but in the end he didn't and instead a lamb was sacrificed."

Tags:implied, genre, codes, enigma, moral-role

Abstract
Cultural competence is the integration and transformation of knowledge about individuals and groups of people into specific standards, policies, practices, and attitudes used in appropriate cultural settings to increase the quality of services, thereby producing better outcomes. The author of this research proposal contends that cultural competence is becoming a necessary function and skill for all those dealing with social and health services and proposes to analyze the current perception of cultural competence on the part of screeners and emergency response social workers in the Santa Clara County system. The author also reviews current literature on the subject.

From the Paper
"The evolving concept of Cultural Competence is an area of reformation that is changing the delivery of many aspects of health and social work services. The delivery of social work services, especially in periods of client and family duress can and usually do place a screener or an emergency response social worker in a position that requires rapid response and decision making, regarding the best interest of the clients and the state. It is for this reason and, many others that those who specifically deal with situations that require rapid and appropriate response must enlist cultural competence not as a thought process or a set of ideas but almost as a second hand and integrated pattern of behavior in the system and the individual. Cultural competence is essential to the development of social workers and social work systems that are responsive and capable of dealing with the results of social and cultural discrimination, poverty, inadequate housing and even more blatant discrimination."

Tags:psychology, sociology, social, culture, society, empathy, sensitivity, multiculturalism, sociocultural, ethnic, community

Abstract
The paper provides an assessment of a reductive article on preschoolers' language capacity and ability to infer emotions and their social competence. The writer spots several defects in this article.

Tags:ford & milosky 2008, language/inferred emotion, crit

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that cultural competence in health care implies not only achieving acumen in application of health care, but achieving acumen in specific situations, and according to specific standards that are designed to address the specific needs and rituals of the diverse population of this country. The writer maintains that keeping in mind that diversity manifests in the form of age, religious background and racial and ethnic make-up, the implication is that there is a myriad of diverse care applications and tendencies that need to be addressed, and considered, by health care professionals. The writer concludes that these needs should be incorporated into policy and overall administration of health care from the highest levels of management down to the in-the-field grass roots health care professionals thereof.

From the Paper
"Culture in this day and age is more a reference to values, behaviors, and attitudes that are being exemplified by the organization in its every day procedures. It is designed to provide a certain common ground on which all individuals function within the dispensation of their professional healthcare duties. In this day and age, the ability of a nurse or doctor to adapt to the specific cultural characteristics of the patient is a function of a certain inner commitment, and an inner skill, that has been inculcated into each individual professional as part and parcel of an administrative policy that is instituted and initially implemented at the top of the management chain of the health care organization thereof.
"The reason that cultural competence in health care is so important is because cultural competence in health care serves the greater good."

Tags:efficiency, diversity, racial, background

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the diversity in society and looks at how school districts' mission and vision statements reflect their relative commitment to preparing students to handle that diversity.

From the Paper
"Cultural competence has been defined as a process of developing proficiency in effectively responding in a cross cultural context. Education today must address a never-increasing proportion of diversity in schools and thus the mission vision and philosophy of educational institutions should reflect a goal of cultural competence. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that by the year .... the U S population's majority and minority quotient will reverse with non-Hispanic whites comprising only .... "

Tags:cultural competence, education, institution, diversity