Abstract This paper compares four different fitness centers: Curves Fitness Center for Women, L.A. Fitness, Bally's and Lady of American Fitness with respect to the operating environment of each. The paper presents an implementation plan for a Curves Fitness Center for Women in Germany as the company most likely to succeed in the German fitness sector.
From the Paper "The purpose of this portion of the study is to offer a comparison off our different fitness center models ..."
Tags:comparative analysis, fitness centers, business plan
Abstract This paper reviews and critiques the book "Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction" by Susan Bassnett. The paper divides the book into two distinct, yet interrelated, parts: A general history of comparative literature and an examination of various topics in comparative literature. The paper parallels the book, recounting the historical roots of comparative literature in Europe (chapter 1) and outside of Europe (chapter 2). Then the paper turns to the special topics and details Bassnett's assertions in each. The paper covers the literature of the British Isles, post-modern literature, travel narratives and translations. The paper then critiques the book. While the author calls the book laudable provocative, she does point out some short-comings, namely poor copy editing and an inappropriate attention to writings in translation as a comparative study.
From the Paper "Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction is a provocative book. There are certainly praiseworthy sections of it. The portrayal of the history of comparative literature as it developed in Europe and America is well-done and the differences between the two models are made very clear. Bassnett's depiction of the state of comparative literature in non-Western countries is important, for these countries are often overlooked, just as the various literatures of the British Isles are often overlooked and lumped together as "British." Bassnett is especially convincing when writing on travel narratives. Her discussion of how the non-Western world has been perceived and mythologized is insightful and it is important that she recognizes that exchange between the colonizer and the colonized takes place in both directions. Her analysis of the stereotypes attached to the north and the south is excellent, and her choice of Iceland as the subject for the lure of the north is a propitious one. Furthermore, the recognition of the sexualization of foreign lands is perceptive, and is a good example of how texts not traditionally thought of as worthy of literary study can indeed yield insights which pertain to more traditional literature, as well. The chapter on Guinevere provides a concise overview of a character as it develops in literature over the course of centuries and how the popularity of that character changes with the times. It is clear that Bassnett is passionate about translation studies, and she summarizes the field succinctly and understandably, which is of importance, since many readers will probably not be as familiar with translation studies as with, say, post-colonial literature. Stylistically, the book is constructed well. As I noted earlier, Comparative Literature begins with the history of the field and then proceeds into a series of case studies, one of which is translation. But by subsuming comparative literature under the rubric of translation studies, Bassnett makes translation studies part of the history, or, better, the future, of comparative literature. The final chapter is, then, a continuation of the history of comparative literature begun in the first two chapters."
Abstract The paper explains the hypothesis behind comparative bullet lead analysis and discusses how, although it is scientifically valid, research has revealed the likelihood for inaccuracies with this method of investigation. The paper relates that, in the future, comparative bullet lead analysis results may be introduced as one of many other factors and not as conclusive evidence of guilt.
Outline:
Introduction - The Scientific Method and Comparative Bullet Lead Analysis
Hypothetical Framework and Comparative Bullet Lead Analysis Methodology
Comparative Bullet Lead Analysis and Violation of the Scientific Method
Conclusion
From the Paper "Generally, the scientific methods consists of forming and testing hypotheses to explain an observed phenomenon or group of phenomena. More specifically, scientific inquiry consists of disprovable hypotheses capable of being tested in relation to corresponding phenomena or quantitative predictions in ways that can either establish a logical basis supporting the proposed explanation or refute it. Finally, scientific tests must be repeatable by other experimenters.
"In criminal investigations, the scientific method underlies every component of forensic analysis. Furthermore, aside from the requirement that any method used to establish evidence of a crime be supported by a valid, testable, repeatable hypothesis, the burden of proof on the prosecution also requires any relevant test used to establish guilt be sufficiently accurate to a very high degree of certainty (Kobalinsky and Liotti, et al., 2005)."
Abstract This paper will compare Philip Kuhn, "Soul Stealers:"The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768" and Jonathan Spence's book "Treason by the Book". By comparing these two novels, we can get a better understanding of how the authors related their historical subjects. By revealing the nature of the author's opinion on the histories presented, we can how these two books compare with each other in the scope of historical premise in writing.
Abstract In this paper, the author explains what is meant by comparative advantage and underlines its importance. The paper also discusses how the concept differs from the related concept of absolute advantage and describes, with the help of an example, why comparative advantage may prove beneficial for individuals, as well as countries. In the end, the author briefly reviews how the Ricardian model of comparative advantage applies to the real world situation.
From the Paper "Comparative advantage is an economics theory which explains why it can be beneficial for two individuals or countries to trade, despite the fact that one of them may be able to produce each item more cheaply than the other. In other words, what is of critical importance in the viability of trade is not the absolute cost of production, but rather the ratio between how easily the two individuals (or countries) can produce different kinds of things. According to the theory of comparative advantage, the total output will be increased if people and nations engage in those activities for which their advantages over others are the largest or their disadvantages are the smallest."
Abstract This paper looks at comparative company law that compares the United Kingdom (UK) to France. The paper describes the primary governing laws for business in each country; The Principal Act and legislation in UK and a unified law in France. The paper also provides a definition of terms.
From the Paper "This paper reviews company law in the United Kingdom, UK, and France. Basic structures, similarities and differences are reviewed. Company law in France is governed by a unified law. Company law in the UK is governed by a principal Act, however, the principal act is supplemented by several other pieces of legislation. The primary governing laws for companies in the UK are the Companies Acts: The principal Act and the Companies Act amended some sections of the Act."
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of comparative worth between males and females in the workplace. It suggests that comparative worth is a good starting point for understanding how to create gender equality in the work place. The writer of the paper presents his opinion that there are many different factors that go into the wage decision calculus and that relying upon comparative worth alone is flawed. The paper discusses these assertions.
From the Paper "In the final analysis, comparative worth is an idealistic strategy to gender equality in application to wages within the workplace. However, the actual implementation of such a system requires not only a strong criteria for judging comparative worth, but also a complete shift within the organizational and financial planning of a company. As a result, it is extremely difficult to implement on a widespread basis. Creating a clear standard by which to understand and frame comparative worth is the first essential step for HR managers to attempt to implement such a policy on a large organization wide level."
Abstract The intent of this paper is to concentrate on comparing and contrasting SSL versus IPSec from both a market factors-based and technology-based comparisons. The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model is a valuable construct for analyzing each of these specific security protocols in the context of network connectivity and systems integration. A market-based analysis of how each of these protocols precedes the technical analysis to specifically show how the protocols are evolving based on customers' needs, with SSL-based VPNs being seen by many organizations as being more cost-effective and easier to deploy that the more complex, yet more secure, IPSec-based VPNs. The core view of this paper is that all types of remote connectivity is critical for ensuring enterprise productivity.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Using the OSI Model as a Framework for Comparison
Using the TCP/IP Model as a Frame of Reference
Defining Virtual Private Networks and their role in security
VPN Tunneling: Implications for Security
Options for Creating Secured Virtual Private Networks
Defining IPSec-based VPNs
Defining SSL-based VPNs
Technical Comparative Analysis of IPSEC vs. SSL-based VPN
Market Comparative Analysis of IPSec vs. SSL-based VPN
Evaluating the Cost of IPSec versus SSL VPNs
Summary
From the Paper "The method that VPNs use for communicating between both systems and networks is a method calling tunneling. The foundation of this method is to use an internetwork infrastructure to transfer data from one network to another. The data being transferred is organized into frames or packets, and relies on a specific preamble or Transit Internetwork Header. Protocols relying on tunneling complete an entire series of steps to create data packets, encode them for security, and then attach preamble and postamble headers and footers to the message for use by the receiving system or network to first accept the packets as secure and authentic, and second, transmit them to the intended destination. What the tunneling protocol does in addition to the specific security protocol selected by the designer of the network is to first encapsulate the frame into a record header. The additional header provides routing information so that the encapsulated payload can traverse the intermediate internetwork. The function of the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol is to primarily provide high levels of packet flow confidentiality, and limited traffic flow confidentiality (Kent 6-7)
The encapsulated packets are then routed between tunnel endpoints over the internetwork. The logical path through which the encapsulated packets travel through the internetwork's defined tunnels. Once the encapsulated frames reach their destination on the internetwork, the frame is unencapsulated and forwarded to its final destination. Tunneling includes this entire process (encapsulation, transmission, and unencapsulation of packets) and is graphically illustrated defined in Figure 6."
Abstract This essay analyzes the human resource systems in both Japan and Germany using the analytical framework put forward by Beer et al in 1984. Differences and similarities on such aspects as culture, management, labour relations and other such institutions will be investigated. Evidence for arguments and theories will be provided throughout the essay.
From the paper:
"Increased interest in international human resource management has led to the classification of its processes and influences. One particular classification or framework is that of the Map of Human Resource Territory, later adopting the name of the Harvard Model, which was designed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model is useful as it accepts that there are differing approaches to the employment relationship. Indeed Porter (1970) argues that the model has potential for comparative analysis. The Harvard model illustrates that there are a variety of "stakeholders" in an organisation including shareholders, various groups of employees, the government and the community. It recognises the legitimate interests of these various groups and that the creation of HRM strategies should recognise these interests and combine them as much possible into the strategy of the business. Indeed the Harvard model is fundamentally both prescriptive and analytical. It is important to bear in mind however that the ideas put forward by the model are arguably based on the American culture. This is important to remember when using the model as an analytical framework to compare other countries."
Abstract This paper compares the highly centralized government planning system in the UK as compared to the control of development in the USA. It shows how the US has a stronger localized tradition, with more layers of government that understand local planning matters, while the UK reserves the right to become involved in conflicts where 'the national interest' is concerned. Ultimately, the author contends, the differences between the two countries' constitutions can be detected in their planning systems.
From the Paper "The ownership of property, at first glance, appears to confer certain rights to the owner in respect of the development of that land. But in reality the situation is more complicated, especially within the British planning system. In this country the ownership of land rights does not bring with it the right to develop that land. The government at both a local and national level ultimately decide whether or not development can go ahead. However, the government itself is not constrained by specific regulations or constitutional considerations. The state in Britain has significant discretion in the control of development. Here I shall discuss the advantages and limitations of giving a central role to governmental discretion in the control of development. For comparative analysis, planing practice in the USA shall also be discussed".
Tags:comparative, planning, spatial, town, urban, usa, uk, united, states, america, britain, british, united, kingdom, local, national, government, constitution
Abstract This essay compares and contrasts the D.H. Lawrence short story "The Rocking Horse Winner" with Arthur Miller's play, "The Crucible". Love and hate, sin and forgiveness are the themes explored in this comparative analysis.
From the Paper "The short story by D.H. Lawrence and the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller are worlds apart in time and place. The Rocking Horse takes place in England in more modern times, while the Crucible is in Salem, Massachusetts in the 1700's. Yet despite this there are some similarities in the theme of both. "The Rocking-Horse Winner" is a short story. The mother feels no real love for her husband or children. All she wants is money. That is her only love and the only affection she wants. The boy realizes this and attempts to give his mother what she wants most. As the people accused of witchcraft in Salem are isolated, so is the child as he rides his rocking horse to find the name of the winner of the race. The mother is greedy and heartless. The ministers and judges in the Crucible are greedy and money is their God."
Abstract This paper shows how music has been combined with drama and dance throughout history and across cultures. The writers takes Tchaikovsky's western-influenced ballets and compares them to the very dissimilar traditional Japanese Kabuki music. Some similarities are drawn that show how different cultures appreciate and embody the inherent drama in music. The paper includes backgrounds of Tchaikovsky, Japanese Kabuki in an historical setting, as well as full descriptions of the music. The last paragraph compares/contrasts the two, while drawing overarching conclusions about the universality of music.
From the Paper "Since its birth, music has never been segregated out as "pure music" as the modern term now implies, with no implications attached to the sounds themselves. More often than not, there is always some sort of abstract connection made to the music, whether it is an evocation of a program, a tool for communication, a symbol of power, or a means of connecting with the spirit or the supernatural. Often, music will be used to tell a story, because of its ability to create atmosphere, manipulate moods, and even imitate concrete sounds. This ability leads to the creation of music in many categories?namely music with drama, and programmatic music. Drama and music have been combined since ancient times, in the form of accompaniment or incidental music to theatrical works, or as in Western Europe, operas and ballets. Wagner himself termed his operas "music dramas", but his was definitely not the first, nor the last great marriage of the two arts. For instance, since before the seventeenth century in Japan, an art combining music, acting and dance called Kabuki has flourished. Kabuki stems from other Japanese forms called Noh and Bunraku, but whereas these two forms combine music and drama of sorts, Kabuki is by far the most lavish, and is a combination of these other two forms. Besides exhibiting far greater orchestral forces, there is also a strong emphasis on the dance. Likewise, across the continent at about the same time an art of schooled dance began in the courts in France, culminating to what we now know as ballet. Ballet itself was often found in segments of operas, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth century it became fashionable to create full-length story ballets, consisting of purely music and dancers telling a story. A prime example of the apotheosis of the ballet genre would be Tchaikovsky's popular ballets, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker. Thus, the idea of music supporting dramatic action can be evidenced in both Japanese Kabuki, and Tchaikovsky's ballets, although both display as many striking differences as similarities."
Abstract Thoreau and Emerson were authors who expressed fundamentals of Transcendentalism in two writings; specifically, "Walden" by Henry David Thoreau and "Nature" by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The paper shows that
"Walden" and "Nature" contain very similar elements, along with very visible differences. This essay compares and contrasts the two works.
It analyzes three sections from each work and compares them to the author's personal experiences with nature.
From the Paper "When thinking about a description of nature what does a person see? Some people may see massive redwood forests in Washington, New Yorkers may visualize Central Park, and people from Kansas see rolling hills drowning in prairie grass. What were Ralph Waldo Emerson's views on nature? Emerson does not have a concrete vision of beauty, which is another reason his work is more difficult to read than Thoreau's. An example of an abstract description of nature is, "From the earth, as a shore, I look out into that silent sea" (Emerson 80.)"
Tags: spirituality, national, park, wilderness, folklore
