Abstract
This paper highlights one of the more media driven popular repercussions of commuter stress - road rage, by citing statistics and popular theories as to why road rage is so popular. Following this, the use of mass transit systems and the unique stressors related to public transportation is explored.

Tags:commuter, stress, rage

Abstract
The paper argues that in certain cases, environments which are safe for pedestrians and bicycle commuters have healthier populations but this is not necessarily always true. The paper asserts that if a person is walking, bicycling or exercising in open spaces during times of heavy smog, for instance, they will not benefit and may be harming themselves, but when environments are safe, pedestrians and cyclists are free from the danger of injury or death and can enjoy the benefits of exercise for health and for simple recreation. The paper asserts that the key is having sufficient numbers of people involved in walking and cycling because this will reduce vehicle accidents and pollution. The paper relates that city planners and the public in cities around the world are now aware that walking and cycling results in a very healthy population compared to those people who do not use outdoor exercise.

From the Paper
"In certain cases, environments which are safe for pedestrians and bicycle commuters have healthier populations but this is not necessarily always true. If a person is walking, bicycling or exercising in open spaces during times of heavy smog, for instance, they will not benefit and may be harming themselves. When environments are safe, pedestrians and cyclists are free from the danger of injury or death and can enjoy the benefits of exercise for health and for simple recreation. The key is having..."

Tags:walk, cycle, health

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the New York City Commuter Tax. The paper begins by exploring the history of the tax, from its introduction to the present day system. Included are a number of tables listing the prices and benefits of the tax. The writer discusses the previous attempts to bring the tax about as well as current discussions about its use. The writer argues that the tax is a bad idea.

From the Paper
"The idea of a commuter tax came to light when New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg found himself facing a budget crisis that was the worst in three decades. For over 30 years the city had managed to pull through each year and squeeze by but eventually the borrowing and shifting of funds caught up and the mayor found himself facing the worst budget issues that the city had seen in over 30 years. His answer was to propose a commuter tax that would effect the almost 1 million commuters."

Tags:michael, trains, underground, bus, transport, traffic

Abstract
This paper attempts to find a solution to the problem of federal employees spending excessive amounts of their time stuck in traffic in the Washington D.C. area. According to the paper, this issue is resolved in five successive steps, as suggested by the Creative Problem Solving program. First, the paper analyzes and defines the problem,further citing the importance of employee satisfaction in the workplace and on job performance. Then, possible ideas to solve the commuting issue are brainstormed. These ideas are then evaluated, and the most reasonable are selected as potential solutions. The paper concludes with a list of seven ways to implement the suggested solutions.

Outline:

Analyzing Problems
Redefining Problems
Generating Ideas
Evaluating and Selecting Ideas
Implementing Solutions

From the Paper
"Traffic in the Washington area is extremely congested and this constitutes a severe problem due to the fact that the large majority of those employed in the region lives in the Virginia and Maryland suburbs and has to commute to work. This basically means that they have to spend increasing amounts of time stuck in traffic, issue which generates a series of negative effects. The Forbes Magazine has for instance reached a conclusion that the workers in the Washington area spend an annual 60 hours stuck in traffic; this is the second largest rate within the North American country. Additionally, only a limited 26 percent of all the employees in the region manage to get to work in less than 20 minutes, with the 59 percent having to waste somewhere between 20 and 60 minutes to get to work; 15 percent of all employees in the Washington area take more than one hour to get to work."

Tags:Creative Problem Solving program, Flexible Work Schedule, commuting

From the Paper
"Anthony Downs considers an alternative method for dealing with basic urban problems such as decay at the city centers, the growth of suburbs to house all but the poor, and problems associated with long commutes in automobiles. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to examine how well Downs? description of urban problems generalize to a variety of cities, and to examine his alternative ideas for addressing the problems he cites.
In the first three chapters of the book, Downs carefully lays out the problems of modern cities that result from what he calls the "dominant vision". He argues that the American dream is to own a detached single-family home with a yard. A second element is the desire for ownership of automotive vehicles and the autonomy associated with that. The third element is the..."

Tags:book, review, non-fiction, urban, studies

Abstract
This paper outlines a first grade lesson plan that uses "The Tale of Peter Rabbit" to demonstrate the concept of the commutative rule of addition.

From the Paper
"Read "The Tale of Peter Rabbit" to the class and use the food designated in the book to teach the math concept of the commutative property of addition. This lesson is for first grade students. The students in this class range from upper-middle class homes to working class. The cultural ethnic backgrounds include Caucasian, North American, African-American, Latino and Pacific Islander, Asian. Some students come from..."

Tags:Lesson plan, math, first grade, commutative rule of addition.

Abstract
In 2003, the first new major mainline railway in the United Kingdom in one hundred years opened its doors. Section one of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) is the country's first high-speed railway and is being used for commercial and commuter services. During the planning stages of this immense project, several steps had to be completed prior to construction, such as formulating a plan to present to Parliament to ensure construction would disturb the environment as little as possible and to determine reparations should some harm be impossible to avoid. Approval was obtained and the CTRL was completed resulting in a reduction of commuter time and less congested streets.

From the Paper
Student's Name Name of Instructor Name of Course March 19, 2008 The Channel Tunnel Rail Link: Environmental Issues, Management, and Auditing Introduction In 2003, the first new major mainline railway in the United Kingdom in one hundred years opened its doors. Section one of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) is the country's first high-speed railway and is being used

Tags:environment, railway, ctrl

Abstract
A recent consideration of the bus system in New York City raised the issue of taking over the routes for seven commuter lines subsidized by the city. Such a move was seen as too expensive, though others claimed that subsidizing these lines was too expensive. It would be preferable to privatize the entire bus system, not to subsidize it, but to encourage a private owner to develop a for-profit model that would also be fair to the public.

From the Paper
Introduction A recent consideration of the bus system in New York City raised the issue of taking over the routes for seven commuter lines subsidized by the city. Such a move was seen as too expensive, though others claimed that subsidizing these lines was too expensive. It would be preferable to privatize the entire bus system, not to subsidize it, but to encourage a private owner to develop a for-profit model that would also be fair to the public. Mass transit is an important component in any urban or regional plan today. The impetus for mass transit comes from several sources, including

Tags:privatization, bus, system

Abstract
Explains the concepts "commutation" and "complementary distribution" and illustrates their use in grammatical analysis.

Abstract
While middle-class families in America now enjoy higher incomes than they did a few decades ago, they also exhibit more symptoms of personal financial distress and a reduced willingness to support basic public services. An important cause of both changes is the fact that taxes are increasing for middle-class families at a steady rate. We are in the beginning stages of a technological revolution that promises to increase the income and wealth gaps, already very high, still further. As a result, middle-class families will find it still harder to save and still harder to come up with a down payment on a house in a good school district. Their commutes will continue to grow longer, along with their reluctance to support essential services. Savings rates will continue to decline. These problems merit serious attention from economists and America's leaders. While there is no single solution to the woes of America's middle class, this paper hypothesizes that a feasible tax cut is in order. Many people argue that a tax cut is not the answer, saying that tax cuts usually disproportionately benefit the rich and harm the middle class. This paper addresses how the American tax system is increasingly disadvantageous to the middle class and demonstrates why tax cuts are needed and how they could benefit the middle class.

From the Paper
"It has long been said by the political left that the tax cuts of President Reagan and current President George W. Bush have favored the rich at the expense of the poor (Frank, 2000). Critics claim the rich are not paying their fair share of the tax burden while middle and lower class citizens are struggling to pay for health care, education, and other basic necessities. The obvious solution for big government advocates to level the playing field is to raise taxes on the rich. However, despite the political rhetoric denouncing the Bush tax cuts as a windfall to the rich at the expense of the poor, recent empirical evidence finds the rich do actually pay a substantial amount of the federal tax burden."

Tags:tax, policy, center, AMT, IRS