Abstract This paper explains that San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is proposing a runway reconfiguration plan, which would fill more than two square miles of the Bay to allow simultaneous landings in poor weather; however, poor weather accounts for less than 20 percent of the delays at SFO. The author points out that the vast majority of delays are caused by airlines operations such as aggressive scheduling by airlines and slow passenger loading and unloading, aircraft refueling and baggage handling. The paper recommends that SFO can better reduce delays in all weather conditions by spreading arrivals and departures more evenly, using larger planes to reduce the total number of flights and reducing the number of commuterflights.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Objectives for Runway Program
Traffic Impacts
Effects on Environment
Alternatives to Runway Expansion
Adverse Impact on Leisure
Reducing Delays by Cutting Arrival Rates
Implement Modern Technology
Disperse Flight Arrival
Use Other Capacity
Promote Balanced Service
Alternative Transportation
Conclusion
From the Paper "SFO's runway construction plans include up to two square miles of bay fill. The largest substitute calls for filling 1,332 acres of the bay. By comparison, only 400 acres of the bay have been lost to fill during the last 35 years. The largest runway configurations would also restrict the tidal flow to another 5-6 square miles of bay that would be bounded on three sides. An area of the bay that was likewise enclosed by the existing runways was transformed into mud flats. In all, 8 square miles of bay could be lost to fill, but the impacts on the circulation of the bay may be even inferior. The proposed runways extend far offshore and will impede the tidal flows that flush contaminants from the South Bay. SFO's Science Panel found that with the new runways, "changes in the tidal and sedimentation supply regimes could severely affect the form and ecological function of intertidal habitats throughout the subregion.""
Abstract This paper highlights one of the more media driven popular repercussions of commuter stress - road rage, by citing statistics and popular theories as to why road rage is so popular. Following this, the use of mass transit systems and the unique stressors related to public transportation is explored.
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the air disaster involving Japan Airlines Flight 123, which crashed in 1985. The writer examines details of the Boeing flight, including intended flight path and plane information. Further, the writer provides a detailed analysis of the causes of the crash. In this paper, the findings of various federal organizations are also included.
From the Paper "The last minutes of Japan Airlines Flight 123 from Tokyo have been the subject of intense debate since the Boeing crashed on August 1985. It remains to date the worst single plane air crash in history. Twelve minutes into a domestic run from Haneda Airport Tokyo to Osaka Flight 123 experienced every pilot and passenger's nightmare: a total loss of hydraulic pressure, as well as tail control, surfaces which rendered the piloting controls useless. The plane was out of control ... "
Abstract The paper describes the aviation accident that involved the United Airlines Flight 232 in 1989. The paper explores the three main remarkable factors in this episode and the five important factors that contributed to the success of the emergency response. The paper shows how this United Airlines Flight 232 crash was a watershed event in the history of commercial aviation. The paper appends a color image of the wreckage of the aircraft and a diagram showing seating and injury information.
Outline:
Abstract
United Airlines Flight 232
From the Paper "On the 19th of July, 1989, a major aircraft accident took place in the U.S. which resulted in important changes in emergency equipments, procedures and responses. This accident involved the United Airlines Flight 232, a DC-10 which was proceeding from Denver to Chicago. When the wreckage was examined, parts of the second engine's fan blade were found embedded in the tail portion of the airplane. The damaged engine's fan module was not to be found at the scene of the wreckage. On examination, two significant fractures were found on the disk which indicated failure due to overstress. The fractures had originated from a fatigued portion situated on the internal diameter of the fan disk. The National Transportation Safety Board -- NTSB ascertained that the possible cause of this accident was the insufficient significance given to human limitations during quality control and inspection procedures while overhauling the engines at the United Airlines facility. The NTSB put the entire blame on the maintenance team at the United Airlines San Francisco facility."
Abstract This report is a short investigative paper into what happened to United Airlines Flight 173 that crashed on December 28, 1978, into a heavily wooded but populated suburban area of Portland as it attempted to approach the Portland International Airport. It looks at how crash reconstruction experts, on-flight recorders and eye witness accounts were used to help provide insights into why the tragic event occurred.
From the Paper "In the flight crew's defense, they were said to have been completely preoccupied with a landing gear malfunction and therefore overlooked the fact that they were in serious trouble due to the fuel shortage. The obvious question that comes to mind about this tragedy could be that weren't there other options such as a gear up landing? There have been successful gear up landings in the past and with foam technology today, the runway could literally have been made to resemble ice. Of course fuel combustion is a major concern for gear up landings. "A commuter jet, carrying 52 passengers was forced to circle Wichita's Mid-Continent airport for 1-? hours Saturday morning."
Abstract There are 933 flight schools in the United States, ranging from private facilities mostly located at airports to complete two- and four-year programs at some of the nation's colleges and universities. How well does each prepare its students to become commercial pilots for airlines or small, local and regional carriers? In this paper, I will discuss some selected pilot training schools and show what they offer students. In addition, I will touch on the area of minority recruitment and the presence of minorities and women in commercial aviation.
Abstract This paper analyzes the work of Ishmael Reed, "Flight to Canada." The work tells of the importance of re-writing the slave narratives. In this work, there is a juxtaposing of genres, as poetry and prose are combined to tell different versions of the same story. In the end, both versions are valid, although the poetry allows the reader to see into Quickskill's emotions.
From the Paper "Ishmael Reed's Flight to Canada is a telling work regarding the themes of the re-writing of history and an exploration of the African American experience. Reed is decidedly not interested in the Caucasian historical accounts of African American history, as is illustrated in this piece. One significant element of this work is the poems which are interspersed in between the story. These poems tell of the same details from the prose, yet they vary in features and in effectiveness. In Ishmael Reed's Flight to Canada, the opening poem, also entitled "Flight from Canada" tells of Quickskill's escape from slavery, and, although this tale is also related through the prose, the elements and thematic effectiveness of the poem allow the readers to understand Quickskill's character through a variety of means. Through the differences in the elements of the two genres, the reader ..."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of the New York City Commuter Tax. The paper begins by exploring the history of the tax, from its introduction to the present day system. Included are a number of tables listing the prices and benefits of the tax. The writer discusses the previous attempts to bring the tax about as well as current discussions about its use. The writer argues that the tax is a bad idea.
From the Paper "The idea of a commuter tax came to light when New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg found himself facing a budget crisis that was the worst in three decades. For over 30 years the city had managed to pull through each year and squeeze by but eventually the borrowing and shifting of funds caught up and the mayor found himself facing the worst budget issues that the city had seen in over 30 years. His answer was to propose a commuter tax that would effect the almost 1 million commuters."
Abstract Flight crew resource management is the science of training flight crews to interact and communicate in a highly authoritarian environment while, at the same time, making use of the intelligence and professional resources of all the members of a flight crew. In the cockpit, the captain is in unquestionable control of the airplane because he is ultimately responsible for all aspects of the flight, including hardware, equipment, and personnel on board. However, each member of the crew can make important contributions, especially during in-flight crises, but their input can be thwarted because of the highly authoritarian command culture. This paper examines the issues of flight crew resource management and seeks to expand the definition of crew resource management to include personal communication style in order to further facilitate professional, accurate, and open communication between the flight staff and commander.
From the Paper "According to Wilson (2001) aviation accidents and mishaps are attributed to human error in 60% to 80% of cases. A large number of these mishaps can be directly traced to the failures in coordination among cockpit crews during the time of the crises. The situations are not caused by poor pilot or crew skills. Just the opposite is true. When highly professional staff and crew encounter a crisis situation, often their training can hinder the communication and double checking of decision making that could often avoid the indecent, or accident. In the majority of controlled flight accidents and incidents poor pilot performance through improper and faulty crew resource management (CRM) have been cited as contributing factors in numerous accidents and incidents reported by major airlines during the period covering 1983 to 1985 (U.S. General Accounting Office, 1997). The U.S. General Accounting Office (1997) found that CRM deficiencies, such as the lack of coordination among cockpit crews, captain's decisions to keep tasks to himself rather than assign tasks or check decisions with other members, and / or a lack of effective crew supervision were a contributing cause in approximately half of accidents that occurred between 1983 and 1985 that involved one or more fatalities. Other reviews have found similar factors at work within cited accident reports (Chidester, Helmreich, Gregorich, & Geis, 1991; Gregorich, Helmreich, & Wilhelm, 1990)."
Abstract This paper discusses the history and the events surrounding Rudolf Hess's daring flight to Scotland in May 1941 and how it turned out to have been a fool's errand, which was probably made possible by a combination of Nazi ignorance and British guile. It provides a brief biography of Hess' life and military career and the purpose of his flight, to help negotiate peace terms between England and Germany under which Germany could pursue unhindered its war aims in Eastern Europe and Russia. It evaluates the surrounding controversy that came to light after the war that the British explanation of Hess's journey was false and how Hess was actually hoodwinked by the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) into making the flight.
Outline
Hess's Background
Preparations and Inspiration for the Flight Was Hess's Flight Authorized by Hitler?
Subsequent Disclosures
British Motives
Conclusion
From the Paper "Hess was a skilled aviator. In 1934, he won a hazardous air race around the Zugspitze, Germany's highest peak. He flew unaided to the right destination in Scotland a ME-100, a fighter plane which was provided to him by its designer, Professor Willi Messerschmidt, in late 1940. According to most accounts, Hess took as many as 20 practice flights to familiarize himself with the plane. According to Kilzer, Hitler's personal pilot, Hans Bauer, accompanied Hess on some of the flights (p. 266). On at least two occasions, January 11, 1941 and March 18, 1941, Hess flew toward the North Sea only to turn back because of failure of an aileron or the weather (pp. 207-210). Before the last two flights, he gave his adjutant, Karl-Heinz Pintsch a secret letter for Hitler."
This paper discusses that the flight training industry is at the crossroads, and its future will depend on how well it can respond to the changing requirements of the airline industry.
Abstract This paper explains that, in response to airline industry requirements, flight training programs should use the modular approach to training, rather than the integrated approach. The modular approach results in longer flying hours, more knowledge of the management issues related to commercial aviation, and experience in multi-engine aircraft flying and multi-crew simulation exercises. The author points out that the main objective of the flight training industry, very hard hit following 9/11, was to prevent shutdown of the many training schools, which form the backbone of the human resources requirement of the aviation industry. The paper relates that one of the major challenges, from a business viewpoint, is the loss of glitz and glamour that commercial airline pilots once enjoyed because of increased security concerns, greater risks in flying, high cost of training, and the uncertain career prospects due to the frequent shakeouts in the airline industry.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Impact of the September 11 Attacks
Response of Operators
Business and Economic Issues in Flight Training Industry
Conclusion
From the Paper "These measures can go a long way in helping detection of people planning terror attacks, although the success percentage is often debatable. For instance- the Phoenix Air Flight School in Cartersville, GA, introduced a slew of new measures for enhancing security. The School keeps systematic record of all applicants and students keep copies of pilot licenses, medical certificates and driving licenses. Instructors are required to keep vigilance over students who exhibit suspicious behavior, say those who want to be trained and qualified immediately after they join the school. However, some school administrations point out that terrorists can still takeaway aircrafts, as once a person completes a certification program he or she is authorized to fly a plane."
Abstract This paper details the aborted takeoff of USAir Flight 5050 and the subsequent crash. The paper describes what happened during the attempted takeoff and explains that, due to the wet condition of the runway, the aircraft could not stop in time. The paper presents the investigative findings of the crash, which included examination of flight data and communications, such as the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder.
From the Paper "USAir Flight 5050 was scheduled to depart from New York's LaGuardia Airport and scheduled to arrive at Charlotte, North Carolina on September 20, 1989. Fifty-seven passengers and four flight attendants were aboard. On board the flight deck of the Boeing 737 were Captain Micheal Martin and First Officer Constantine Kleissas. The crew had a long layover in New York and was forced to wait for approximately one and a half hours due to the cold and wet weather. Finally at about 11:30 pm, the aircraft was cleared for takeoff with Kleissas at the controls."
Abstract In this article concerning the mid-air collision of Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) flight 182, the writer traces the events leading up to the event. The writer then describes the accident and explores the possible causes. The writer narrates some of the eye-witness accounts and reviews its aftermath including the effect of the crash on the regulations on air-traffic control around busy airports. The writer concludes that the flight 182 disaster over San Diego remains one of the biggest and most horrific air disasters in the U.S. aviation history, which could have been prevented if better flight rules had been followed. Further, the writer notes that the only silver lining of the appalling tragedy is that the accident prompted the implementation of stricter safety regulations around busy airports in the U.S.
Outline:
The Chronology of Events Leading to the Accident
Communication with San Diego Approach Controller & Lindbergh Tower
Confusion in the Cockpit
The Accident
Eyewitness Accounts
Cause of the Crash
How The Accident Affected Regulations on Air-traffic Control
Conclusion
From the Paper "Robert Osby, then a battalion chief with the San Diego Fire Department, and later the fire chief, who supervised the rescue efforts at the disaster site recalls that the firefighters due to their prompt and professional efforts were able to contain the fire from spreading beyond a remarkably small area--only two sides of one short block of Dwight Street. He also thanks God that the plane had crashed into a working-class neighborhood on a Monday morning when most of the residents of the destroyed homes were at work; otherwise the death toll on the ground would have been much higher (Ibid.) Another reason why the fireball from the fallen aircraft was contained in a smaller area was because the plane did not fall in a parallel-to-the-ground glide path but crashed nose first."
"Hans Wendt, a staff photographer with the San Diego County's public relations office, who was covering an outdoor press event in North Park at the time of the accident, took two dramatic post collision still color photographs of the falling Boeing-727 trailing blue-and-white smoke streaking from its right wing while plunging towards the ground."
Abstract This research paper provides an account of working as a flight attendant. The paper includes a look at the nature of work, training requirements, qualifications, procedures, employment rate and earning rate as well as merits and demerits of the service occupation of flight attendants. The writer adds a number of current statistics, including salaries, size of workforce, breakdown of the workforce among others.
From the Paper "Almost all airlines provide their passengers with flight attendants in order to assist their customers travel comfortably. Since, the law demands airlines to hire flight attendants the individuals joining this occupation shoulder various responsibilities including making sure that passengers on board comply with the safety regulations and keeping a strict check pertaining to the availability of first aid kit and other safety equipment (Service Occupations: Flight Attendants). Moreover, flight attendants inform the flying public regarding the use of such emergency equipment, welcome their passengers on board, check their flying tickets as well as provide instructions to them regarding the placement of "carry-on items" ."
Abstract This paper examines the future of civilian space flight in the wake of the Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986 and NASA's opposition to civilian flight.
