Abstract
The paper relates that the mission statement of AORN is, "AORN is a professional association that empowers the OR nurse with education, standards of practice, and peer networking" ("Association of Operating Room Nurses", 2009). The paper explains that being a member of AORN places you at the center of your profession. The paper relates that as a member, you will have access to educational resources that will be valuable to advancing your career, you will be able to chat online with other OR nurses on how to be an advocate for your profession and you will instantly have at you fingertips a perioperative community that can support and help you achieve your professional goals.

From the Paper
"The mission Statement of AORN is, "AORN is a professional association that empowers the OR nurse with education, standards of practice, and peer networking" ("Association of Operating Room Nurses", 2009). Being a member of AORN places you at the center of your profession. As a member you will have access to educational resources that will be valuable to advancing your career. You will be able to chat online with other OR nurses on how to be an advocate for your profession. You will instantly have at you fingertips a perioperative community that can support and help you achieve your professional goals."

Tags:perioperative, nurses, aorn

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the issue of community health in the city of Lacey, Washington. The writer explains that Lacey is located in Thurston County and has an approximate population of just over 31,000 people. The writer notes that the average income within the city is $43,000 and there is a diverse population comprised of primarily white, Black, American-Indian and Asian individuals. The writer points out that hospitals within the area have been tasked with providing care for this population and in recent years the issue of charity care has been increasing in Lacey and the surrounding communities. The writer maintains that this has become a local issue because of the cost of care that is absorbed by the hospitals, the care that is received in emergency rooms that should be provided for in community health centers, and the inability of impoverished people to receive the full scope of care that is needed to address their health care concerns.

From the Paper
"Although there are other community health clinics in the surrounding areas, the residents of Lacey have this alternative to emergency room care as their sole choice in regular health care, other than the hospital systems that exist in the county.
"The program creation with funding from Senator Murray's financial allotment will ultimately only serve the community by providing coordination of health care services between the hospitals and those in need of medical treatment. This program will not ensure, however, that low income and impoverished people will be capable of having consistent health care throughout the community. Given the fact that under RCW 70.170.060 there is a requirement for alternative community health care to be developed, the minimal existence of this community health care adversely impacts the population. This is evident in the extensive costs associated with charity care that continue to rise in the county and the continued reliance of the impoverished population on emergency room care in the county."

Tags:hospitals, emergency, facilities

Abstract
The paper discusses the tragedy that occurred in California at the Merced Community Medical Center when the lack of language and cultural understanding between the medical staff and refugee parents led to a medical travesty. The paper explores whether hospitals have improved language barriers in their emergency departments in the last twelve years. Based on several studies, the paper reaches the conclusion that emergency departments continue to have a major problem addressing the issue of language and cultural barriers.

From the Paper
"The United States continues to become more diverse in its population. About one-third of the population of the United States -- 34 percent -- claims "minority" racial or ethnic heritage, a jump of 11 percent from 2000. In May, 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that the 2008 minority population reached approximately 105 million, or 34 percent of the nation's total population. This compares to 31 percent in 2000. If present trends continue, the U.S. population will grow from 296 million in 2005 to 438 million in 2050, and 82 percent of this increase will be the result of immigrants coming into the country and their American-born descendents, according to a Pew Research Center study. Of the 117 million people added to the population during this period, 67 million will actually be the immigrants and 50 million will be their children or grandchildren. Given these cultural changes in the U.S. population, how are emergency departments responding to the need of communicating with the diverse populations that seek medical help? Based on the studies noted here, language barriers continue to be a major problem in emergency departments.
"A study by Boschert reported that language barriers continue as "a major roadblock" to high-quality emergency care, according to the National Medical Association. A survey conducted in 2004 of 57 emergency departments reported that they "experience poor communication with non-English-speaking patients.""

Tags:interpreters, immigrants, minorities, patients

Abstract
The Internet is a significantly essential research place for sociologists examining hypothesis of technology transmission, as well as media effects. The reason for this critical importance is because it is a channel exclusively competent of putting together ways of communication and structures of substance. This paper highlights and analyzes various researches conducted on the Internet's implications in the realm of societal psychology, as well as community capital.

Paper Outline
Introduction
Influence on Time Utilization and Society: Community Separation or Community Capital Structure
Analysis of the Studies
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Online-communities come in extremely diverse forms and dimensions, varying from virtual communities that bond geologically remote people with no preceding association who share parallel interests, to locations that assist exchanges amid companionship networks or family members, to culture networks that center on topics significant to a physically defined district (Wellman & Gulia 1999, Smith & Kollock 1999, Preece 2000). Studies on online-societies ought to differentiate amid these shapes, in case consequences appear conflicting and perplexing."

Tags:chat, rooms, communication, technology

Abstract
This research paper investigates the impact of e-communities. It defines what an e-community is and how a virtual community differs from a "real" community. It also looks at the ways in which virtual and "real" communities are similar. The paper then provides some examples of and specific characteristics of e-communities and looks at some of the dangers and mis-communications in regard to e-communities. The paper contains charts and figures.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Abbreviations
I. Introduction: The "Dawn" of E-communities
Virtual or E-Communities
Hypothesis
Research Questions
An E-Community Consists of . . .
Aims and Objectives
Scope of Study
Following Chapters
II. Literature Review: The Community in E-Communities
"Being" a Member of an E-community
E-community Components
Examples of E-Communities
Concerns & Dangers involved in E-communities
Potential Benefits of E-communities
Emerging E-communities
Communication: Central to Community Life
Dating E-communities
E-community Chat Rooms
III. Methodology: Making "Sense" of E-Communities
Representing Communities
Explanation of Approach
Questionnaire Answers
Investigation Factors
IV. Analysis: Estimations of E-Communities' Impact
Composites Clarified
E-communities Depicted
The Battle for the Hearts and Minds
Top 10 E-communities
Family Depiction
Data and Charts
V. Summary: Consensus of E-Communities Contributions
E-Community Reflections
Summary
Aims and Objectives
Discussion
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
On and Off Line
Conclusion Regarding Verdict for Hypothesis
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
Appendix

From the Paper
"One way eBay nurtures trust is through its reputation system while its success has been attributed to its commitment to developing a sense of community. eBay attracts and retains buyers and sellers to its site by affecting exchanges that are satisfactory to both buyers and sellers. eBay also provides information, learning opportunities, as well as personal development pursuits and fun, and relaxation. As e-bay implements specific strategies, along with the particular social psychological framework noted by Scott and Johnson (2005) to be described by Beenan et al. (2004), the e-community ensures individuals' responses are acknowledged, while they may also be recognized and rewarded. In August 2004, the average eBay user remained on the site for one hour and 48 minutes, which in 2040 denoted the longest time duration of any Web site."

Tags:communication, chat, network

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the term healthcare communication can refer to all types of communications used in the healthcare industry, be it communication between and among healthcare agencies, healthcare providers, and healthcare clients. In this paper, however, the writer concentrates on the topic of healthcare communication between healthcare providers and their patients-clients. The paper emphasizes the importance of this communication and looks at the current movement in healthcare education to bring back the human touch into healthcare practice in order for medicine to regain its soul.

Outline:
What is Healthcare Communication?
Relevance of Healthcare Communication
Emergency Room Situations
Confidentiality
Dealing with Family Issues
Dealing with Sociocultural Issues
Communication in the Process of Healing
Principles of Therapeutic Communication in Healthcare Settings
Verbal communications
Verbal communications
Nonverbal communications

From the Paper
"Communication is an exchange, a two-way process. But sometimes this is forgotten in the healthcare setting when the patient-client becomes the passive, receiving end while the healthcare provider does all the talking and fails to listen. However, for healthcare delivery to be effective, there should be an exchange of information between the two parties.
"Healthcare providers have a 2-fold responsibility towards their patients who are basically their clients. First, they must have the technical skills, and second, they much have the ability to communicate and empathize. In other words, a healthcare professional does not only need the brain and skill to perform his/her work. He/she must also have his/her heart into it."

Tags:bedside, manners, complaints, nurse, recovery

Abstract
This paper examines how communications of various types play different roles within police departments: police administrators establish official policies and procedures for formal dissemination in writing and unit supervisors provide specific instructions to their officers within the chain-of-command supervisory process. It also looks at how unofficial communications also play a significant role. Additionally, the paper discusses the problem with the lack of communication and how there is definately room for improvement.

Outline:
Communications within Police Departments
The Paramilitary and Civilian Communications Models
Improving the Effectiveness of Communications within Police Departments

From the Paper
"Most police agencies operate along the lines of paramilitary organizations although they may vary substantially in the extent of their incorporating various components of private sector civilian organizations notwithstanding the fundamental differences between respective standards and communication policies. Traditionally, official paramilitary communications policies require dissemination of information along
the chain-of-command hierarchy, often with a need-to-know basis that discourages unofficial communication of that information even within the organization (Grubb & Hemby 2003). The downside of this process is that it promotes alternative channels of communication among officers, such as gossip, rumor, and innuendo. "

Tags:hierarchy, paramilitary

Abstract
This paper examines how communication is a process by which we produce signals ourselves and receive and interpret the signals of others, using our five senses. The senses, used for human communication, are hearing/sound production, sight, touch, smell and taste. It also discusses the importance of non-verbal communication. The film "To Live Again" about the rescue and rehabilitation of a young woman after 16 years of solitary confinement in her own room at the hands of her mentally-ill mother, is used as an example to demonstrate the importance of good communication skills.

From the Paper
"The Johari model of the self or four selves provides insight into the role of self-awareness in communication. 'The Johari Window' is a model of constant size, but each section can vary, from very small to very large. As one aspect diminishes, one or more of the others expand. Similarly, as one section grows, one or more of the others must get smaller to accommodate the growth (Luft, 1984). The model has four basic areas, or quadrants, each of which represents a different aspect of the self; not separate pieces, but interactive and interdependent parts of the whole. The areas are the open self, the blind self, the hidden self and the unknown self (DeVito, 2001)."

Tags:live, again, non, verbal, sight, touch, smell

Abstract
This paper explains that written communications, via memos, emails, presentation speeches, and even evaluations, are a mainstay in any corporate environment and are used in day-to-day affairs. The author points out that the the basic elements of writing are style, punctuation, and avoidance of the use of clich's or jargon. The paper relates that the more clear-cut and well-defined the writing, the less room there is for misinterpretation leading to later problems.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Effective Written Communication
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Having good writing skills and abilities will also facilitate improved oral communications among employees. Those employees that are able to put their thoughts down on paper accurately and precisely are more likely to engage in oral communication that is directed and focused. Because of this one of the skills that might be considered for inclusion in the workshop might be translating written word into oral communications."

Tags:misinterpretation, oral, jargon, punctuation, style

Abstract
This paper examines how businesses have begun using a variety of new technologies to enhance and expand their communications processes and how, today, business can use a combination of technologies to deliver information and training to both internal and external audiences via the Internet. It looks at how "virtual" meetings, classrooms, quarterly reports, are all being accomplished using the Internet and how software and hardware are now available to reach geographically diverse audiences, literally, around the globe.

Outline
Introduction
The Technology Simple to Complex
Survey of Virtual Meeting Rooms/Classrooms Products
Benefits and Drawbacks
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The most basic form of business communication on the Internet is the common web site, i.e. www.ibm.com. With a strong web presence companies can market their name, advertise their products, find candidates to fill jobs, sell products and services provide training. The earliest form of online training consisted of fairly static web pages with information and graphics. The student could read the information, examine the diagrams and other types of graphical information and perhaps take quizzes from these pages. The presentation was Internet based but was little more then what could be gleaned from a book or manual."

Tags:internet, rooms, meetings, technology