Abstract
This paper explains that research upholds the hypothesis that when an e-community consists of positive components, then the impact this virtual community wields upon its members will consequently prove to be positive. The author reviews questions relating to the definition and characteristics of an e-community, virtual community versus a "real" community and the dangers and miscommunications of these virtual communities. These results of specific questions are discussed in association with the literature. Recommendations for future research are included.

Table of Contents:
Conclusion and Recommendation
Recommendations (for Further Consideration)

From the Paper
"Answers to survey question number 11 particularly contribute to the validation of this study's hypothesis. Each of the answers given by the 20 participants indicates their experience to be more positive than negative. Responses to the question: What benefits do you obtain from being a member of your e-community? This researcher notes that an e-community members' interactions with other members and their communities to rival interactions in "real" communities. These e-community members mutually interact as friends in fun-related ways to request help, obtain information/skills, communicate/network."

Tags:consensuses components similarities, number of members, tool

Abstract
Approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests occur outside hospital settings within residential homes. This paper examines how studies indicate that bystander CPR can double or even triple the survival chances for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) victims in out-of-hospital settings and how, despite this however, research shows that only a mere 15 to 30% of such victims receive bystander CPR. The paper contends that health practitioner facilitated community instruction on CPR helps to break down the barriers that cause bystander inaction such as fear of failure, lack of confidence and concerns relating to infectious diseases and/or legal repercussions. Since bystander inaction potentially reduces the survival rates of victims; breaking down of these barriers increases the number of out-of-hospital SCA victims likely to receive and benefit from bystander CPR.

Outline:
Abstract
The Problem of Bystander CPR
Community Instruction on CPR
Conclusion

From the Paper
"How community instruction on CPR improves survival rates for out-of-hospital SCA victims
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are the mainstay in the management of cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency which refers to an abrupt cessation of the pumping activity of the heart. It is confirmed by the absence of four key factors namely, breathing, a detectable pulse, signs of circulation and lastly, response to stimulation. CPR comprises of chest compressions and artificial respirations which are performed sequentially. The steps in CPR are purposed to deliver small but continuous flow of oxygenated blood to the body's vital organs especially the brain until spontaneous circulation can be restored via defibrillation (Abella et al., 2011). In essence therefore, chest massage does not restart the heart. However, it helps to delay tissue death due to ischemia thereby prolonging the window of opportunity for successful resuscitation that is, without permanent neurological impairments. Defibrillation on the other hand refers to the delivery of electric shock via a defibrillator so as to throw the heart into asystole and thereby stop the harmful ventricular fibrillation that triggers cardiac arrest."

Tags:cardiac, arrest, Cardiopulmonary, resuscitation

Abstract
This paper focuses on the various benefits of adopting a community policing approach. Community policing is considered one of the most effective strategies available to reduce neighborhood crimes, create a sense of security and reduce fear of crimes among the citizens. Combining the efforts of the police department, the members of the community and the local government can help in the accomplishment of all these objectives to develop a healthy and clean society. This paper details the history of community oriented policing (C.O.P) which has become the new model of law enforcement replacing the traditional para-military style of policing. This paper also discusses the various supporters of community policing who firmly believe that this approach has enough potential to serve as a model for remarkable reforms and improvements in the entire system of policing and justice. The writer of this paper also examines the downside to this particular approach of law enforcement. The primary reason for the failure of C.O.P in some situations is the unwillingness of the community members to cooperate with the police officials, the lack of support from the police department itself or the absence of a proper policing system.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Keeping a Balance
A New Model of Policing
History of Community Policing
Supporters of Community Policing
Criticism on C.O.P
Implementation Challenges of COP
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"A number of studies were conducted in order to find out the cause of the problem and to define the solutions for it. Studies revealed that the traditional practice of continuous patrolling and other highly reactive approaches to combat crime has not helped in any way to reduce the crime rate prevailing in the society. These circumstances lead to the recognition on the part of the government that problems relating to crime fighting and the problems relating to the relationship between the police and the community are interrelated. In 1967, the President's commission on Law enforcement and administration of justice proposed that a new kind of police system should be introduced. In the later years this proposal provided the ground for the establishment of a new model for policing. The philosophy being adopted to develop this model was focused on creating a law enforcement system, which tries to bring the police and the general public in close relationships and provides the police department an opportunity to solve the community problems."

Tags:community, crime, police, enforcement, law

Abstract
The paper relates that a Community Technology Center is a valuable resource that can provide access to systems that certain community members might not otherwise have. The paper discusses how this kind of access can help reduce the "digital divide," which occurs when uneven distribution of technology and technological education occurs. The paper describes how Community Technology Centers are being created all over the country, resulting in communities with citizens, particularly children and young adults, who are increasingly capable to work with technology and are more prepared to take their places as contributing members in the workforce.

From the Paper
"A Community Technology Center is a valuable resource that can provide access to systems that certain community members might not otherwise have. This kind of access can help reduce the "digital divide," which occurs when uneven distribution of technology and technological education occurs. Community Technology Centers are being created all over the country, resulting in communities with citizens, particularly children and young adults, who are increasingly capable to work with technology and are more prepared to take their places as contributing members in the workforce."

Tags:nclb, technology, community

Abstract
When those within a community believe that they are incapable of trusting the police tensions develop that are related to both "anger and fear" ("Protecting", n.d.). Additionally, police officers may begin to assume that their efforts on the job are not appreciated, causing a two-way flow of tension between the police department and the citizens of the community ("Protecting", n.d.). It is for this reason that police community relations are essential in creating an environment in which police and community members work together to reduce crime and develop a stable atmosphere in which the community can thrive. It is the belief that when police community relations are positive the community is capable of overcoming unexpected and unwanted isolated incidents by random individuals involved with the community or police force and continue to support one another throughout the ordeal.

From the Paper
Police Community Relations Research Justification When those within a community believe that they are incapable of trusting the police tensions develop that are related to both "anger and fear" ("Protecting", n.d.). Additionally, police officers may begin to assume that their efforts on the job are not appreciated, causing a two-way flow of tension between the police department and the citizens of the community ("Protecting", n.d.). It is for this reason that police community relations are essential in creating an environment in which police and community members work together to reduce crime and develop a stable

Tags:police, community, relations

Abstract
This paper explains that there are many different elements that combine to form a community and that the term 'community' can mean different things to different people. The paper further explains that the best way to discover the the ideas of community that dominate the minds of most people would be through a survey. The necessary questions in such a survey are then listed in the paper and the suggestion made that, in order to synthesize the information obtained from the survey, some qualitative and quantative analyses would need to be done. Finally, the paper points out that surveys, such as the one described in the paper, are useful information gathering-tools for the field of sociology and important elements of the sociological method.

From the Paper
"The word 'community' is somewhat ambiguous. It is not immediately clear whether it refers to geographical proximity, common interests and activities, or some other grouping method. As with many such ambiguous words, it is likely that different people have completely different ideas about what it means to be a member of a community. An interesting question to pursue, therefore, would be this: What factors do people have in mind when they consider themselves to be part of a community? It is not uncommon for people to mentally place themselves in more than one community. Perhaps someone is a member of her church community, the community of her apartment building, and her work community. These are three very different things. In the case of the church, the community seems bonded together by faith, which might more generally be described as a common interest. In the case of the apartment building, geographical location, or proximity of living, seems to be the main cohesive factor. Work shares elements of both of the other two. On the one hand, the workplace represents a common activity that all of the members of the community participate in on a regular basis. On the other hand, it is likely that the workplace is one office or building where many people convene in the same space at the same time."

Tags:location, common, interest, members, part, person, remains, larger, interaction, individual

Abstract
The following paper discusses theories of criminal punishment and examines the advantages and disadvantages of incapacitation. The advantages and disadvantages of community programs are also reviewed and crime prevention strategies that work, do not work, and that are promising are also discussed. Finally, this paper concludes with a proposal to improve the effectiveness of incapacitation and community programs.

From the paper:

"Supporters of deterrence believe that if punishment is imposed upon a person who has committed a crime, the pain inflicted will dissuade the offender (specific deterrence) and others (general deterrence) from either repeating the crime or from committing similar crimes. Incapacitation deprives offenders of the ability or opportunity to commit further crimes that harm society. Rehabilitation seeks to prevent future criminal behavior by providing offenders with the education and treatment necessary to eliminate criminal tendencies, as well as the skills to become productive members of society."

Tags:crime, incarceration, community, programs, boot, camps, policing, intermediate, sanctions, parole, probation

Abstract
The paper discusses how the immediacy and convenience of online communities is having a major impact on how common people can now be published and vent their ideas with other people. The paper emphasizes that there is no longer a monolithic dominance by major media or educational institutions on information, which provides a major change in how culture assimilates information. The paper discusses how by offering blogs and other online communities for people to discuss issues, there is a great cultural unification occurring-regardless of the validity of the information being espoused by its various members.

Tags:crime, business, community

Abstract
This paper discusses the rise of the Community Orientated Policing and Problem Solving (COPPS) program, showing the positive influence it has had on tough neighborhoods and the satisfaction a community feels in having helped make theirs safer.

From the paper:

"Crime is an issue of paramount social importance, one that directly and indirectly affects each and every member of society. The costs associated with crime are not merely financial. Emotional costs result when a criminal murders or severely injures an individual=s family member or close friend, or when an offender is incarcerated, depriving his or her family of the emotional and/or financial support. Public concern has increased over specific aspects of the crime problem in recent years, namely domestic violence, drug-related crime and violence, gang-related crime and violence, juvenile crime, prison reform, and the role of television in producing violence. Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPPS) gathered momentum in the 1980s and focuses on partnerships between communities and police officers, i.e., empowering citizens to shoulder their share of the responsibility and tough work of making their neighborhoods safer."

Tags:crime, communal, enforcement, police, justice

Abstract
This paper looks at the small town community of Jud, North Dakota, and discusses the ways in which Christian ministry plays a central role in the community by offering special services to those in need as well as being a social center. The writer describes the town, providing some statistics and demographics, and looks at some of the challenges facing the ministry there, such as the aging of the population and the migration of the youth to more populated areas. Several factors that make Jud an ideal place for a church are also discussed, as well as ways in which the ministry operates. The paper concludes that as the community continues to change, becoming older and perhaps smaller, the church will continue to play a central role in the life of its residents.

From the Paper
"Many people would consider the town of Jud, North Dakota to be located in the middle of nowhere. The nearest large city is Minneapolis, Minnesota at around four hundred miles away. However, the medium sized city of Bismarck, North Dakota is only 130 miles away. That said, people come to a place like Jud because they want to have a traditional small town lifestyle. In this way, Jud's isolation is considered a positive by most of its residents. According to the 2000 census, the town of Jud was populated by 76 people living in 43 households, with a population density of just over 313 people per square mile inside the town limits. Of the 43 households, 14% had children under the age of eighteen living at home while almost 40% were married couples."

Tags:congregation, family, evangelical, socialize, trend, elderly, atmosphere, member