Abstract This paper examines the social ecological approach and community intervention with regards to the baby boomer generation. The paper points out that the social ecological approach focuses on various factors, which may affect the health of the members of the baby boomer community. The paper also explores how this approach conoirms to the nursing process. It concludes that the social ecological model aptly illustrates how baby boomers are located in and affected by social, economic, and political systems, which determine their access to resources and their behavior that may be either conducive or detrimental to maintaining health.
Outline:
Introduction
The Social Ecological Model
Community Intervention
Social Structure, Policy, and Systems Spheres of Influence
Model Application to Nursing Process
Community-based Partnership
Conclusion
From the Paper "The ecological approach initially was designed during the 1920s and 1930s at the University of Chicago's sociology department to explain urban social change and especially changing rates of crime. Robert Park and Ernest Burgess originated the approach which was based upon the study of plant ecosystems since plants and animals exist in mutual harmony and in a state of interdependence. The social ecological approach was developed in the Laboratory of Social Ecology at Stanford University in 1984."
Abstract This paper examines the major notions of the typological approach. It outlines and discusses the relevance of at least two classic typologies used in the study of community. It then discusses the major notions of the ecological approach in the study of community and outlines and discusses the relevance of at least two examples of classical ecology used in the study of community. The paper contains a figure of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Typological Approach Defined
Two Classic Typologies in Study of Community Ecological Approach in the Study of Community Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Typological studies of a community within the framework of the ecological systems theory takes into consideration the interdependence of systems that lead to differential outcomes whether those outcomes be in terms of education, language development, reading and mathematics skills or other skills that are learned within the framework of the community and all the interacting factors within that community . Interacting factors within a community include economic and political factors as well as the complex relationships that exist between individuals and their relationships with their families, institutions in the community, and their own individual relationship with all these aspects of the community in which they live and develop."
Abstract This paper discusses how ecological footprints, effective ecological tools used to help maintain our world, impose many questions in sustaining the earth's life. Charts are included with the paper.
Defining Our Ecological Footprint
Dependency on Nature
Carrying Capacity of Cities and Earth
Comparison between Countries
Natural Capita: Effects on the Earth
Impact of the World Economies
Solutions
From the Paper "The world economy has a great impact on the ecological footprints of the world. Every country wants to obtain economic growth to produce more money. But in doing this, they have to deplete their natural capital, which in turn, is not helping in sustaining this world. As William Rees states, "there is simply not enough on the planet to sustain present international development trends using prevailing technologies" (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). So something drastic has to be done. As the ecological footprints of humans are already too large for the earth to handle, how can we accommodate the rising materials and rising in population, while trying to sustain the earth. Most analysts agree that it can happen in two ways: through a reduction in the standard of living or through the increase in material and energy efficiency (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). These two issues also apply problems, through cultural, economic, and social values. Especially in the more developed countries. To lower the standard of living would be outright rejected in the more developed countries such as Canada and the U. S. So indeed, most people agree that "global sustainability is achievable only through large increases in the consumption of goods and services in both poorer and richer countries" (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). But still a problem arises. There will still be inequity in the growth of the more and less developed countries. It seems the richer get richer and the poorer get poorer. A consensus seems to be emerging though. They say that the needed consumption will work if there is a reduction in the material energy costs of goods and services. "
Abstract This paper details the published research relating to human communication analysis, based on intra-personal, interpersonal and group interaction. This paper details Gregory Bateson's perception and definition of second-order cybernetics which illustrates an interactive system wherein the individual is constantly in relation with his or her own social environment. This paper analyzes both the quantitative and qualitative realities objectified in the field of cybernetics. The writer of this paper contends and explains the manner in which cybernetics objectively looks into the social phenomenon of being studied, noting its nature and dynamics through subjective measures. This paper examines and explains the reasoning behind Bateson's cybernetics learning process, as detailed in his book "Steps to an Ecology of Mind." This paper also delves into Bateson's discovery which clearly identifies the processes involved while interacting with the self, another communicator and other people from varying cultures and with different values.
From the Paper "While in Learning I the individual is just learning and developing communication skills, in Learning II, s/he must now be able to identify acts and meanings that belong or do not belong to his/her culture. As exemplified earlier, distinguishing between the different actions in which agreement or disagreement are expressed is a manifestation of learning at the second level, where the communicator now commits action based on the context or situation s/he is in. Thus, when the individual is in a Middle Eastern society, it is essential to adopt the culture's communication action of agreement and disagreement, which is opposite to the individual's American culture and upbringing. These adjustments made by the communicator is an illustration of contextualization, the commitment of proper actions and meanings in an altogether different culture and society."
This paper explains how wildlife management and ecological restoration are thought to be the same concept, but their objectives and goals are often very different.
Abstract This paper uses the San Marcos Springs ecosystem and its endangered species as an example of how wildlife management and ecological restoration may seem to compliment each other but, actually they are seeking out different goals. It explains that in order to preserve the endangered native species, all of current species located in the ecosystem must be considered.
From the Paper "Wildlife conservation and management have been called the art and science of managing wildlife species, habitats, and ecosystems for long-term human benefit. The first system of wildlife conservation was an Eastern rather than a Western idea, developed by the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (Smith 1976). Although the art of managing wildlife is centuries old, the science is relatively new and is becoming increasingly important all the time. However, science is only part of how we view and manage our wildlife resources. Social, cultural, political, and legal constraints and issues often have more to do with how wildlife resources are managed than pure science. Understanding these constraints and issues is fundamental to conservation and management. J. B. Kauffman (1997) stated that a successful ?conservation programme cannot be based on a preoccupation with saving the animal itself. Its total environment must be preserved.? This type of forward thinking helped change the idea of single species conservation and gave rise to the concept of restoration ecology."
Abstract The central claim of "deep ecology" is that we need to correct an anthropocentric bias in our attitudes to the nonhuman world, and in particular to extend moral concern across time and across species. This paper will examine the benefits and the shortcomings of anthropocentrism within the framework of 'deep ecology'. As well, this paper will attempt to demonstrate both the value and some of the limitations of this framework with respect to the problem of anthropocentrism.
This paper reviews and examines Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology" which focuses on a wide range of ecological and environmental issues faced by Native American Indians in the 20th century.
Abstract This paper explores and details North American Indian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North American Indian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.
From the Paper "Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."
Abstract In this essay, the writer looks at the matter of restoring the natural balance of the landscape. The writer discusses Robert Elliot's apparent distaste for ecological restoration in close detail throughout the first portion of this paper. This article explores the circumstances in which restoration may be considered benevolent, through careful examination of Elliot's philosophy and that of Murray Krieger. The writer concludes that in the case of restoring the natural balance of the land, one is not attempting to profit from the restoration or create a fake situation, but rather restore the original version to its original grace and glory so it can be better appreciated.
From the Paper "Robert Elliot in his work "Faking Nature" rejects the idea that restoration ecology is useful in many instances. Elliot asserts that attempting to restore the natural ecology of the land is nothing more than an attempt to forge that which was once natural and beneficial. In this light restoring the natural ecology of the land seems nothing more than an attempt to fake that which is natural, which in and of itself promotes no intrinsic value.
Further Elliot asserts that one can not reproduce the value that original ecosystems had to offer. The field of environmental ethics proposes that the natural value of nature should be preserved rather than the value of nature purely for human purposes including survival or consumption. Under this assumption nature isn't necessarily valued by humans desiring to create artificial landscapes purely for humanistic benefits."
Abstract This paper examines Julian Steward's theory of cultural change, which is also referred to as cultural ecology. This is the theory that environment and culture exist in a dialectical relationship, at least with regard to resource use and production. The paper provides an overview of the theory, examples of the theory at work, and concludes with a critique of the theory's weaknesses.
From the Paper "Perhaps it is no more than a biological necessity to find order in the world that drives the human mind to develop all manner of theories by which seemingly unrelated events can be explained. Perhaps the drive is more cultural in nature. However, if that were the case, then proponents of Julian Steward's theory of cultural ecology would no doubt attempt to explain the drive as the result of a complex interaction between cultural and environmental factors. Whatever the case on that score, it is nonetheless apparent that in all academic disciplines there is a push to develop theoretical-methodological approaches to study that can explain the nature of the discipline and also provide avenues for further research. The cultural ecological perspective is one such approach that attempts to explain the origin and development of cultural elements to interactions and adaptations..."
Abstract This research paper investigates the impact of e-communities. It defines what an e-community is and how a virtual community differs from a "real" community. It also looks at the ways in which virtual and "real" communities are similar. The paper then provides some examples of and specific characteristics of e-communities and looks at some of the dangers and mis-communications in regard to e-communities. The paper contains charts and figures.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Abbreviations
I. Introduction: The "Dawn" of E-communities Virtual or E-Communities Hypothesis
Research Questions
An E-Community Consists of . . .
Aims and Objectives
Scope of Study
Following Chapters
II. Literature Review: The Community in E-Communities "Being" a Member of an E-community E-community Components
Examples of E-Communities Concerns & Dangers involved in E-communities Potential Benefits of E-communities Emerging E-communities Communication: Central to Community Life
Dating E-communities E-community Chat Rooms
III. Methodology: Making "Sense" of E-Communities Representing Communities Explanation of Approach
Questionnaire Answers
Investigation Factors
IV. Analysis: Estimations of E-Communities' Impact
Composites Clarified
E-communities Depicted
The Battle for the Hearts and Minds
Top 10 E-communities Family Depiction
Data and Charts
V. Summary: Consensus of E-Communities Contributions
E-Community Reflections
Summary
Aims and Objectives
Discussion
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
On and Off Line
Conclusion Regarding Verdict for Hypothesis
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
Appendix
From the Paper "One way eBay nurtures trust is through its reputation system while its success has been attributed to its commitment to developing a sense of community. eBay attracts and retains buyers and sellers to its site by affecting exchanges that are satisfactory to both buyers and sellers. eBay also provides information, learning opportunities, as well as personal development pursuits and fun, and relaxation. As e-bay implements specific strategies, along with the particular social psychological framework noted by Scott and Johnson (2005) to be described by Beenan et al. (2004), the e-community ensures individuals' responses are acknowledged, while they may also be recognized and rewarded. In August 2004, the average eBay user remained on the site for one hour and 48 minutes, which in 2040 denoted the longest time duration of any Web site."
Abstract In this paper, the writer focuses on the role of communication within a design team. This includes the objective of exploring how communication plays a role in the creation of total design process management. It is a widely accepted fact that communication facilitates the development process and progress of a team's work. With communication, an exchange of information and ideas is made possible. In this view, this paper generally explores the importance of communication in design team management.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Background of the Study
II.I The Importance of Communication Within a Design Team
II.II How Communication Affects Team Relationship and Team and Client Relationship
II.III The Total Design Process Management Through Better Communication III. Relevance and Significance of the Study
IV. Objectives of the Study
IV.I Communication IV.II Client
IV.III Leadership
V. Research and Methodology
VI. Review of Literature
VI.I Design as Communication VI.II Communication in Design Teamwork
VI.III Formal and Informal Communication VI.IV Communication and Design
VI.V Client
VI.VI Communicating With Clients
VI.VII Leadership
VII. Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "How many times did we try to do a certain task or activity without having to communicate our ideas, questions, and needs, to those who might have provided us with help to accomplish our tasks faster and easier? How many times did we succeed when we allow our communication open to others? And how many times did we fail when we close our doors to communication? These are some of the questions that can help us in our goal of exploring the role of communication in design management.
Communication is a very important element of our daily living. Whenever we are, whatever we do, communication always plays an important role. There may be different possible methods of communication nowadays, but there is only one general objective why we communicate - that is, to achieve our goal. Whether we are within our daily or usual activities, or at work, we communicate to be able to meet our needs, such as to know the answers to our questions and to share our ideas. These all end up to our need of meeting our goals. For instance, we communicate our uncertainties at work to meet our goal of providing efficient output or services to our clients. Otherwise, if we do not communicate, chances are we may produce the wrong output or an unsatisfactory work performance."
Abstract The writer examines in personal details her views and opinions on gender and communication. The writer explores family relationships as well as the marked differences in intimate communications between friends and family members and the ins and outs of communicating via the internet. The writer of this paper finds that in researching this particular topic, nearly all gender communications bibliographic information was found to be issue specific, resulting in the writer using her own personal experiences as a main source of reference.
Topics covered in this paper include:
Introduction and Thesis
Communications Within the Family Background and Family Structure
Areas of Communications Between Genders
The Mechanics of Intimate Gender Communications Intimate Communications and Friendship
The Internet Trap
Conclusions on Intimate Communication Bibliography
From the Paper "Another area where both genders get into difficulties on the Internet using the World Wide Web are in the "romance or love or lifestyles" sections of many of the major search engines. Here they can categorize themselves as to whatever it is they are looking for and through instant messaging, e-mail or chat-rooms can actually converse with a party on the other end ostensibly searching for the same as you. Be very wary of what information one gives if the urge is overwhelming to use this form of communication for intimacy.
There have been rapes; murders, serial killings and stalking of every manner one can imagine connected with these areas."
Tags: relationship, personal, communication, family
This paper examines the effectiveness of community policing in which police officers and members of the community come together in a collaborative effort to identify and solve the problems of crime, societal disorder and disturbances.
Abstract This paper focuses on the various benefits of adopting a community policing approach. Community policing is considered one of the most effective strategies available to reduce neighborhood crimes, create a sense of security and reduce fear of crimes among the citizens. Combining the efforts of the police department, the members of the community and the local government can help in the accomplishment of all these objectives to develop a healthy and clean society. This paper details the history of community oriented policing (C.O.P) which has become the new model of law enforcement replacing the traditional para-military style of policing. This paper also discusses the various supporters of community policing who firmly believe that this approach has enough potential to serve as a model for remarkable reforms and improvements in the entire system of policing and justice. The writer of this paper also examines the downside to this particular approach of law enforcement. The primary reason for the failure of C.O.P in some situations is the unwillingness of the community members to cooperate with the police officials, the lack of support from the police department itself or the absence of a proper policing system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Keeping a Balance
A New Model of Policing
History of Community Policing
Supporters of Community Policing
Criticism on C.O.P
Implementation Challenges of COP
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "A number of studies were conducted in order to find out the cause of the problem and to define the solutions for it. Studies revealed that the traditional practice of continuous patrolling and other highly reactive approaches to combat crime has not helped in any way to reduce the crime rate prevailing in the society. These circumstances lead to the recognition on the part of the government that problems relating to crime fighting and the problems relating to the relationship between the police and the community are interrelated. In 1967, the President's commission on Law enforcement and administration of justice proposed that a new kind of police system should be introduced. In the later years this proposal provided the ground for the establishment of a new model for policing. The philosophy being adopted to develop this model was focused on creating a law enforcement system, which tries to bring the police and the general public in close relationships and provides the police department an opportunity to solve the community problems."
