Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses community ecology. The writer looks at ecology issues related to forests and points out that hot summers and cold winters may be characterized within temperate deciduous forests.

From the Paper
"The soil within the forest consists of topsoil, which is affluent in organic matter and a clay rich lower layer. As the organic matter decompose, mineral deposits are released. So, if they are not engrossed or absorbed by the living trees, the deposits seep into the clay, which may be retained in small amounts. Temperate deciduous forests within the northeastern and mid-eastern U.S. may be governed by broadleaved hardwood trees such as oak, beech that lose their flora annually. In the southern areas, the evergreen trees such as magnolia swells."

Tags:logging, fire, diversity

Abstract
The paper relates that a large part of temperate deciduous forests have been removed by logging, land clearing and fire suppression. The paper examines various theories that look at the effects of logging versus fire in the disturbances of temperate forests. The paper details the effects of fire and logging on tree, understory and wildlife diversity.

From the Paper
"Reviews on the fire effects on tree, understory and wildlife diversity are as follows. Thonicke and Cramer (2006) suggest that a fire model be used as a simulator to determine the patterns of how the fires would dominate long-term vegetation composition. Accordingly, the immediate effects are historical in terms of the range of impact on canopy conductance and litter moisture in Brandenburg (Germany) forests. Yet, burnt areas would not excel and "fire changes had no implication for vegetation composition in Brandenburg but reduced vegetation carbon would be gained" (Thonicke and Cramer, 283). With the fire model (LPJ Dynamic Fire Model), the spread is more likely to change climate conditions along with carbon for long-term best effect in natural vegetation from precipitation patterns."

Tags:natural, disturbance, plant, species, regeneration, tree, understory, wildlife, diversity

Abstract
The paper discusses how social and environmental conditions contribute to health and disease, and figure prominently in the increasing variation in the health status between those who are financially secure versus those individuals such as women who have limited income in their later years. The paper explains that the social ecological approach recognizes that an aggregate community such as baby boomers is situated within social, economic, and political systems which determine access to resources and behavior that are essential for the maintenance of health (O'Fallon, & Frederick, 2000). The paper shows how the social ecological approach is a theory-based framework which best demonstrates the nature and outcomes of interventions which are conducted through partnerships.

From the Paper
"The aggregate community being given focus in this paper is baby boomers. At the present time, we realize that social and environmental conditions contribute to health and disease, and figure prominently in the increasing variation in the health status between those who are financially secure versus those individuals such as women who have limited income in their later years. The social ecological approach recognizes that an aggregate community such as baby boomers is situated within social, economic, and political systems which determine access to resources and behavior that..."

Tags:social, ecology, model

Abstract
Two sets of authors present divergent views on issues related to the management and protection of biodiverse regions. While the topic question is framed in an either/or fashion about National Parks or community based conservation, the authors really do not present a clear either/or answer. Instead they seem to be advising for a more in-depth look at many factors for selecting both locations and methods of preservation.

From the Paper
National Parks vs. Community Based Conservation These two articles present varied approaches for preserving natural diversity, conservation and land use in the developing world. They do not, however, present opposing approaches nor do they present "national parks" vs. "community based conservation" as the central conflict facing conservationists in their efforts to protect the World's remaining biodiversity. Instead, the authors of both articles recognize that the current methods for conserving the world's shrinking biodiversity are not working. Both articles, however, present optimistic alternatives that suggest that it may be possible to make progress in this endeavor.

Tags:biodiversity, conservation, ecology

Abstract
The paper examines the social ecology model espoused by Murray Bookchin. The paper explores how unhealthy lifestyle choices have their origins in cultural attitudes, and must be approached by healthcare providers together with the specific community. The paper discusses teen education, concluding that programs should target both students and their parents, ideally before the teens adopt their parent's bad habits.

Outline:
Introduction
Nursing Processes
One Community Health Risk--Teen Smoking
Second Community Health Risk--Obesity Amongst The Poor
Conclusion: Change The Community, Change Lives
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The stress upon consumption and the ostentatious show of wealth that the social ecology model condemns as damaging to the overall health of the environment is also damaging to the health of the bodies of individuals within the environment. This is seen in the current epidemic of obesity, which has exploded in the poorest areas of the country. Ironically, weight gain, especially in children, may be culturally associated with health and financial success."

Tags:over-consumption, consumerism, productivism, indoctrination, wealth, productivity

Abstract
This paper examines how community psychology is a specialization encompassing psychology and the social sciences that is grounded in the roots of ecological psychology. It looks at how traditional psychology, on the other hand, is based upon fundamental principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychotherapies. It examines the differences between these two schools of psychology with reference to a specific individual seeking help for a life problem. The individual selected is the well-known actor, Robert Downey, Jr., whose substance abuse problems have been tracked in the popular press over the course of the last several years.

From the Paper
"From the traditional psychotherapeutic perspective, substance abuse is regarded as an addiction that is difficult to treat. Garfield and Bergin (1986) have pointed out that behavioral or interactional psychotherapies and conjoint family therapies have been used with individuals identified as having a substance abuse problem, but that the results of these interventions are mixed. Group therapy, twelve-step programs, use of methadone and other detoxification efforts and aversive conditioning have succeeded in a number of cases, but relapse is common among substance abusers."

Tags:substance, abuse, group, therapy, behaviorism

Abstract
This paper defines and describes the different sorts of ecological communities found in nature. Each section of the paper defines and explores specific ecological concepts. The Caspian Sea region is selected as a biologically diverse and thriving ecological community.

Food Webs
Succession
Climax Community
Biodiversity
The Nature of a Community

From the Paper
"Furthermore, characterization of communities can occur based on the number of species and feeding links per species. As community diversity increases, the number of trophic levels, such as the herbivore or omnivore levels, and the number of guilds, such as the leaf eaters of the herbivore trophic level, also increase. These trophic levels, then, help influence the food web by describing either a top down or bottom up energy chain. In top down chains, predators depress populations of other animals, such as herbivores, resulting in a "green" earth. In bottom up chains, plants resist consumption by toxins and digestion inhibition, resulting also in a "green" earth. In both cases, predation and production form intricate parts of the food web (Ricklefs, 2001)."

Tags:Caspian, sea, nature, biodiversity

Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine where and at what time of day the dragonfly communities found at Kanahawa State Forest, in Charleston, West Virginia, are most abundant. To this end, the number of dragonflies occurring at two study sites were recorded for six weeks from September 12th to October 31st and the effects of two abiotic factors, namely, hydrology and daily temperature, on the distribution and abundance of dragonfly species in the forest were considered.

From the Paper
"Five species of dragonfly were recorded from the sites, the Eastern Grayback (of the genus Tachopteryx, species Tachopteryx thoreyi); the Spotted Biddie (of the genus Cordulegaster, species Cordulegaster maculatus); the 10-Spot (of the genus Libellula, species Libellula pulchelia); the Widow (of the genus Libellula, species Libellula luctosa), and the White Tail (of the genus Plathemis, species Plathemis lydia). All of these dragonflies are common throughout North America, and in particular, around the Kanahawa State Forest area."

Tags:geographic, distribution, species, colonization, establishment, localized, extinction, populations, habitat

Abstract
This essay discusses issues in architecture and sustainability and what must be done to preserve resources while building in a space and economic conscious fashion. The essay argues that an architectural emphasis on nature and humanism have become obscured by economic factors which has lead to poor use of space and unsustainable building design. Further, the essay argues that in order to preserve society's resources, architecture in which commercial, residential, artistic and community-oriented goals are shared must be encouraged. The essay suggests that if a city embraces the reciprocal relationship between social coalescence and proper public brokerage, ecological degradation will become less likely.

From the Paper
"Physical surroundings are a determinant factor in the defining the human experience. The communities, neighborhoods and buildings where we find familiarity and comfort are also those same hosts upon which we rely for sustenance, socialization and survival. And to that end, the interaction between man and nature defines the shape taken by each of these pursuits. Though such is a premise which has always persisted as an overarching theme in the infinite architectural philosophies that have adorned and scarred the earth, today's architectural dilemmas suggest that the emphases on nature and humanism have become destructively obscured by economic factors."

Tags:sustainability, humanism, ecology, design

Abstract
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology. Community as grounded in roots of ecological psychology & the social sciences. Traditional as based upon principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism & humanistic psychotherapies. Uses actor Robert Downey, Jr. and his chronic substance abuse problems to illustrate how both schools of psychology would analyze his difficulties.

From the Paper
"Community psychology is a specialization within a larger realm encompassing psychology and the social sciences that is grounded in the roots of ecological psychology (What is community psychology..., 2000). Traditional psychology, on the other hand, is based upon fundamental principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychotherapies (Garfield & Bergin, 1986). The two approaches differ in terms of views, values, and focus. The purpose of this report is to examine the differences between these two schools of psychology with reference to a specific individual seeking help for a life problem. The individual selected is the well-known actor, Robert Downey, Jr., whose substance abuse problems have been tracked in the popular press over the course of the last several years."

Tags:Downey