Abstract The main factors involved in obtaining and maintaining the Russian Communiststate primarily under Lenin and Stalin are discussed. Aspects discussed include background information on the development (including discussion of Marx as well as the fall of the Romanov family), Communist ideology, use of propaganda and repression, and emphasis on the directed economic policies under Communism.
From the Paper "The growth of the Communist single party state in the Soviet Union is a result of many factors. The writings of Karl Marx provided a blueprint upon which Communist followers developed their own ideology. Lenin and Stalin were powerful and effective leaders during the early stages of the Communist regime. The economic policies of both men served enhance the Russian economy and to further expand Communism. The party also repressed religion and diminished the importance of the family. The development and expansion of the single party state in the Soviet Union from 1917 until 1932 was a direct result of Lenin and Stalin's leadership capabilities, Communist ideology, the use of propaganda and terror, the directed economies under Lenin and Stalin, and state-sponsored repression of the church and diminishment of the family."
Abstract In the "Communist Manifesto", Marx makes a number of sweeping claims about nature of the history of the world and its implications for his future. The writer points out that Marx speaks of the way that one system of oppression gives way to another and suggests that, eventually, the weight of the system will bring it crashing down, only to yield to a world where the majority, as represented by the state, has ultimate control and ownership of the means of production. The paper also indicates that, within the situation as it existed in Marx's current day, one can see how he was justified in making the predictions he did.
From the Paper "Indeed, if society had progressed as he expected, and the economic conditions he predicted been achieved, it does seem likely that a revolution of some sort could not have been avoided. However, as of the current moment that condition has not been achieved, and it appears that many nations of the world (such as those in Europe) may have found compromises between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat that will allow both to survive so long as the equilibrium is kept. In countries like America, though, or like the many developing nations where capitalism is in much the same situation as it was in Marx's time, such revolutions may still appear to be quietly brewing. Should the economic conditions he envisions, of a time of overproduction so final that the system grinds to a halt, ever truly be achieved, he is surely right that a revolution would be forthcoming. Whether that revolution would follow communist ideals and lead to a strong socialist state may be up for debate, but the class-nature of its violence and its conflict are certain obvious."
Abstract The purpose of education is to prepare an individual to be a productive member of their society. Therefore, this paper draws conclusions as to the best educational system, with specific regard to secondary education, for a given social structure. The paper analyzes the policies of Communist China and Capitalist United States. Though the paper focuses on all types of education, it has a more detailed description of policies/standards in secondary education. Also, some attention is given to describing the governmental structure of these nations, as the thesis suggests that different governments require different educational strategies.
From the Paper "When exploring the educational institutions of China and the United States, it is most logical to first examine the model that each nation claims to support and how its social and political institutions affect its educational standards. The academic model, or the ?Western model,? as explained by Theodore Chen is, embraced by the U.S. and is designed solely for the promotion of academic learning. The academic model emphasizes the school as the central place of learning. The United States, in following with this model, puts high priority on the building of schools and universities. While the U.S. education system does promote some learning outside of the classroom, all learning is designed in some way to return to the school system for evaluation. Emphasis is placed on the classroom, laboratory, and library as places of learning."
Abstract The paper explains the background of the "Yates v. United States" landmark case and outlines the facts of the case and the Supreme Court ruling. The paper looks at the effects of the case and discusses how this ruling marked the end of the deplorable witch-hunt of the Communists and political dissenters in the post World War II era and also lead to the success of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties as well as the consolidation of the right of free speech and free press.
Outline:
Background
Facts of the Case
The Supreme Court Ruling
Effect & Aftermath of the Yates Judgment
Conclusion
From the Paper "For more than a hundred years after the ratification of the 1st Amendment, the Supreme Court did not did not take up any case about free speech and free press. After World War I, however, the Court heard a number of cases arising from enforcement of wartime laws to limit freedom of expression that threatened national security. In Schenck v. United States (1919) for example the Court upheld the Espionage Act passed by the Congress in 1917 by ruling that in times of war the government may place reasonable limits on freedom of speech. In its judgment, the Court employed what came to be known as "clear and present danger" standard and allowed restrictions on freedom of speed when such danger existed."
Abstract This paper explains how the two philosophies couldn't be farther apart: Plato, seeking peace and harmony in science and law, Marx, railing against the injustices, wanting to tear apart every social structure and replace it with workers' communes. It provides a background of the two men and then discusses their philosophies. It concludes that Plato's republic was an ideal, something to be carefully worked for, with virtue as the foundation. Marx's communiststate was the result of bitter upheaval, not idealism, but grimy realism.
From the Paper "A simplistic example of the difference of the two philosophies might be a well-dressed, clean-cut boy arriving home to tell his parents he had refereed a fight between two other boys. It had been a fair fight, and the "right" boy had won, then they both shook hands and became friends, All the Father could ask his son is- "was it a fair fight?" Since it was, the boy was deservedly rewarded. Under Marx's theories, a boy would come home dirty, clothes torn, maybe with a bloody nose, exclaiming he had beaten up the rich boy who had made fun of him all semester long. And, his Father simply asked : Did you give that little S.O.B. what he deserved?" When the boy said, yes, the Father told him he was proud of him."
Abstract This paper offers a summary and analysis of the 1848 Communist Manifesto written by Marx and Engels. It discusses issues of class structure and the proletariat revolution. It also mentions the formation of the Communist League.
From the Paper "In the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development in Europe (OECD) detailed the growing gap between the incomes of the rich and poor in OECD member states. In particular the study concluded that the poorest percent of the population in the countries examined received only two percent of the national income while the richest percent of the population received ..."
Tags:communist manifesto, karl marx, friedrich engels
Abstract This paper examines how the analysis of the social foundations of political support is of interest not only to democratic politicians but also to revolutionary leaders. It looks at how although movements such as Mao Tse tung's Chinese Communist Party cannot be considered democratic in the western sense, the Chinese Communists at least prior to 1949 depended upon mobilizing a mass base of support among the population for the movement's continuing survival.
From the Paper "The analysis of the social foundations of political support is of interest not only to democratic politicians but also to revolutionary leaders. Although movements such as Mao Tse-tung's Chinese Communist Party cannot be considered democratic in the western sense, the Chinese Communists - at least prior to 1949 - depended upon mobilizing a mass base of support among the population for the movement's continuing survival. "
Abstract This paper examines how, given the central role played by the Communist Party in the history of China in the 20th century, the analysis by the Communist leadership of the social foundations for the party s political support would clearly be of great interest to scholars and students of Chinese society and culture during this period. From this perspective this paper attempts a comparative analysis of two documents written by Mao Tse tung while still a young revolutionary in the 1920s.
From the Paper "Given the central role played by the Communist Party in the history of China in the 20th century, the analysis by the Communist leadership of the social foundations for the party's political support would clearly be of great interest to scholars and students of Chinese society and culture during this period. From this perspective, this paper will attempt a comparative analysis of two documents written by Mao Tse-tung while still a young revolutionary in the 1920s."
Abstract This paper is a discussion of social inequality and class struggle, as they relate to the history of modern society laid out in Karl Marx's "Communist Manifesto". The paper examines Marx's vision of history as a class struggle.
From the Paper "In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx lays out his vision of history. According to Marx, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. The divisions and struggles between classes and the fundamental inequality that underpin..."
Tags: marx, engel, communism, communist manifesto, class struggle
Abstract This paper discusses how the causes that brought about the fall of the Berlin Wall and the monolithic Communist empire run deep. It cites the beginning of the fall as 1985 with new Soviet leaders such as Gorbachev followed by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
From the Paper "The political polemics and economic theories and the geopolitical analyses of the fall of Communism and the break-up of the Soviet Union fill shelves with cruel crimes committed for the party ..."
Tags:Communist International relationships. History Economics Politics, Berlin Wall, Soviet, Gorbachev
Abstract This paper discusses how the government of the United States has State Courts of various kinds in every state ensuring the protection of the American public and how the State Supreme Courts constitute the highest position in all state court systems. It examines the structure of four State Supreme Courts (New Jersey, New York, Alabama and California) by looking at their composition, functions and a major case from each State.
From the Paper "The Alabama Supreme Court, the Court of Civil Appeals and the Court of Criminal Appeals make up the Appellate Court system of Alabama (General Information). Shouldering judicial as well as administrative responsibilities, the Alabama Supreme Court ranks highest among the other courts of the state (General Information). "The Alabama Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over all appeals where the amount in controversy exceeds $50,000 and appeals from the Alabama Public Service Commission" (General Information). All disputed as well as undisputed decisions made by the Court of Criminal Appeals and the Court of Civil Appeals can be reviewed by the Supreme Court General Information)."
An in-depth discussion of the distinctive characteristics of small states in the international community. Advantages and disadvantages of these states are also discussed.
Abstract This paper discusses, explores and evaluates the characteristics of small states and the advantages as well as disadvantages they face. The role of the international community, the UK, the U.S. and other developed countries in relation the small states are examined. Small states in the English-Speaking Caribbean in particular are examined. The paper shows how the thinking on small size states has evolved over the years.
From the Paper "The issue of small states in the international community is one that has been contentious and subject to various debates in both the developed and developing world. Indeed, small states have been, and are characteristic of quite a number of inherent disadvantages, albeit with some advantages, indicating a contradictory evolution on the thinking of small size of the years since 1945, and up to 2000. In this vein, United Nation conferences for example, in Barbados 1994; of UNCTAD in Malta in the 1970s and 1990; conferences in the U.S./Caribbean Summit in 1997 and the US Caribbean Trade and Investment forum in 1999, among others, identify the special problems faced by small states. Some of these conferences have recommended ways that such problems should be overcome, and contrasts the varying levels of development or lack thereof of small states, and their particular indices of vulnerabilities that should or should not be given priority by larger states in the international community."
Abstract This paper gives examples of states: independent states, states of the European Union, the United Arab Emirates and how they are operatie in international relations. It also looks at the development of rogue states, how they arise and how they are maintained.
Tags: international relations, states, rogue states
The following dissertation looks at the causes of the U.S. Civil War. It finds that there is not one single answer to the question as to why the southern states seceded from the union.
Abstract This paper focuses on the issues that ran concurrently with slavery, although the issue of slavery dominated the middle part of the 19th century in America in its causes of secession and the U.S. Civil War. The writer looks at the legislation that affected the southern states, like the: Nullification Crisis that affected South Carolina in 1832, the Declaration of Causes by the seceding states and the widespread division that affected America in the late 1850?s, the 1850 Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill that caused great turmoil between the northern and southern states. This paper also looks at why the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, caused such consternation that the southern states finally felt compelled to secede.
From the Paper "The election of Abraham Lincoln as president and the Republican Party coming to power was almost a sure thing before the splits in the Democratic Party. The splits just made it an almost certainty, and again it was over the issue of slavery, only this time instead of fighting against each other it was in fighting. This meant that secession was a sure thing, which would have pleased so many of the vocal southern firebrands. It is hard to see how some of the southern states thought that they could survive without being in the Union, as one state is far bigger and prosperous when it is in a group rather than as an individual. But the southern states had had to put up with so much provocation and pressure from the northern states and often an anti slavery president government that this was the final straw for them. Why should they have kept putting up with all this hassle and troubles during the mid 19th century over slavery, which was a way of life for them. Some southerners knew that slavery would eventually die out in the future, put when they are pushed so hard and so much about the issue of slavery, their attitudes are going to harden and they would eventually dig their heels in."
Abstract Of the many significant structural and ideological changes which have taken place in Europe's history, the French Revolution represents an important social shift in the relations between the "people" and the Church as a privileged partner with the State. By discussing how the French Revolution produced a dramatic and structural limitation in the relation of the Church to the state, I do not wish to suggest that the revolution resulted in a complete separation of the church and state. It does, however, signal important factors that contributed to the diminishing role of the Church in state and in public affairs.
