Abstract This paper embarks on an examination of the theories of Marxism and argues that a specific engagement with "The Communist Manifesto" should prove to be fruitful in fulfilling this task. It points out that the theories of Marxism were based on the notion that the degeneration of capitalism would contribute to its eventual downfall, however the antithesis of degeneration has occurred. Hence, one could argue that the theories of Marxism carry no more relevance in an age of globalcapitalism. Despite this, this paper goes on to contend that to leave ones analysis at this would make it incomplete. One needs to go below the surface and back to "The Communist Manifesto" where amongst the passages one will find Marx and Engels anticipating and providing a vivid account of the globalcapitalism the world is now experiencing and a number of examples to support this are cited. Further evidence is cited which explains the reasons why the proletariat have not revolted. It concludes by noting that countless changes have occurred in the world since "The Communist Manifesto" was written which may well have led to a decline in the "fashion" and significance of Marxist theories.
From the Paper "Central to Marx's views on the capitalist system lies his notion of "surplus value" which is the difference between the value of capital at the start of the capitalist production process and the additional value of commodities, which are produced. Surplus value only occurs in capitalist societies. The critical point that Marx makes is that the bourgeoisie or the minority of individuals appropriate surplus value or profit, which is in reality, produced by the rest of society namely the proletariat. Someone else reaps the product of their labour, they have invested their time and efforts in it, yet it is taken away from them. The profits of capitalist depend on the exploitation of the worker."
Abstract The merits of capitalism have been debated for decades. This paper discusses yet another book by a Cambridge economist Noreena Hertz on the effects of globalcapitalism upon democracy and related social perspectives.
Abstract This paper discusses the context for the current struggle between labor and capital, known as globalizedcapitalism. It discusses the stage of capitalism predicted by Marx and discusses this according to conflict theory. The paper also analyzes the situation from the point of view of the dominant class, as well as the oppressed worker.
From the Paper " Review Essay on "Modern Times, Ancient Hours" Introduction The context for the current struggle between labor and capital is globalized capitalism. While the capitalist dominant class regards this as the phase of mature capitalism, the oppressed worker perceives it as capitalism at fever pitch and out of control in its perfect alignment with globalization. Normally, the experience of work is presented in localized North American terms. Basso (2003), however, is concerned with international trends, and especially with trends in Eastern Europe after the fall of socialism. He points out the complex pathology in society: the paradoxical coexistence of unemployment with overwork."
Abstract This paper addresses China's constant economic growth in the last few decades. The paper discusses the reasons why China has been able to become one of the big players on the global market in the 21st century - the adoption of the market socialist system and a third-way approach that combined the usual stern Communist approach with an open market economy. The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this approach towards globalization and states that even if GDP growth rates continue to rise as well as standards of living, the disparity between the rich and the poor will have to be looked at in order for China to truly prosper.
From the Paper "However successful and however high the GDP growth rates continued to be, as well as the rising standards of living, the country still experiences some of the classical traits of pure capitalist economies: a certain disparity between the rich and the poor, a decrease in state subventions etc. As long as the government will be able to tackle these concerns and retain a sustainable development of the economy, it is likely that China will become one of the most prosperous countries in the world. However, the authorities will need to watch for popular discontent following income inequality."
Abstract This paper contends that Walter LaFeber in his short book "Michael Jordan and the New GlobalCapitalism", which presents the globalization of Michael Jordan and the impact of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Nike's and others on the rapidly growing global economy, gives a feeling that globalization is a multi-media "tail wagging the dog" sort of situation when indeed the opposite is quite true. The author points out that, although basketball has had a dramatic effect, it is by far not the only major globalization effort impacting so much of the earth as LaFeber would lead one to believe and several persons, such as Steve Jobs (Apple Computer and Pixar), Bill Gates and Ray Kroc (McDonald's),
have had a greater impacts upon globalization. The paper asserts that, given the facts presented by LaFeber concerning the exploitation of labor, particularly by such firms as the Nike Corporation and others, he does raise the specter of conflict the world is just beginning to experience as "economic warfare", such as described by CAA/Oxfam and the Australia's Democratic Socialist Party (DSP).
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Selling and Globalization of Michael Jordan
The Perception of Acceptance of Globalization The Specter of Conflict
From the Paper "Between CAA/Oxfam and the DSP, they now propound that there shall not be any future meetings of any worldwide, hemispheric or national trade groups without protests from these groups. Indeed, on the DSP Website they boast that over 100,000 people shall converge on the WTO meeting now scheduled in Nice, France. They furthermore boast of their conquests at prior meetings where they have protested however one is hard pressed to find any evidence of progress made by these groups beyond raising awareness of the issues. In point of fact, the multi-nationals are making improvements on all fronts to combat the negativity these protest groups pour out."
Abstract This paper will discuss the book by George Soros entitled: "The Crisis of GlobalCapitalism: Open Society Endangered" and bring to life some of the key elements that make clear what he is saying. By giving a brief overview of this book, we can how Soros evaluates modern capitalist principles in a modern sensibility.
Abstract This paper shows that, Edward Luttwak, writing as an established conservative thinker and analyst, has made a substantial critique of contemporary economics in his book, "Turbo Capitalism: Winners and Losers in the Global Economy". The paper discusses how Luttwak, in his book, is concerned by the adverse social impact of a "supercharged" form of globalcapitalism that emerged in the 1990s. He also articulates a form of social conservatism that restores economics to its proper relationship with the social and environmental spheres.
From the Paper "Luttwak argues that in the past there were forces that existed to keep the market connected to the social good. The post-World War Two mixed economy of the nation state, for example, helped maintain this balance between the social and material good. Government was a source of restraint and control. The limits of technology naturally slowed the rate of change. National boundaries tended to ground industries in particular communities and locales. Such restraining factors are increasingly disappearing. Adherents of unfettered Capitalism argue for even less government, more technology and mobility, and the further eradication of national boundaries."
Abstract This paper looks at the development of multinational and globalcapitalism and how various global systems have become increasingly essential to its orderly progression. The writer shows how, in order to meet these specific needs it has become necessary to reorganize the manner by which many global standards address certain criteria with regard to structural content. The factors include currency, accounting, labor, corporate formation and the stock exchange and it is shown that if not properly engaged, the concepts of multinational and globalcapitalism will not reach their full potential.
From the Paper "As a means by which to implement new structure proposals for labor standards, one first needs to consider how the inherently related issues of race and gender play a role in this reconfiguration. It can be argued that if global capitalism is to flourish, it must do so with the inclusion of every individual, not just those who are deemed worthy. Issues of primary concern embody a number of gender- and race-related problems that -- if not somehow corrected -- will only serve to undermine the very objectives of global capitalism. "Too many labor leaders are still caught up in the mythology of the new deal programs of yesteryear rather than divorcing themselves from partisan politics that are destroying labor; rather than fighting exportation of capital and redistribution of public wealth and power; rather than fighting workplace racism and race-based politics that divide workers; rather than developing and moving a labor agenda" (Caffee, 1995, pp. 7-10)."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of several sociological based articles that explore the topic of capitalism as it pertains to globalization. Using the article 'Democracy and GlobalCapitalism' written by Gordon Laxer in 1995, the paper compares the ideas promoted by Laxer as a springboard to examine later published ideas regarding corporate social responsibility and capitalism trends around the world.
From the Paper "Additionally the article moves to explore the changes that have taken place in recent decades that have worked to build power for corporations instead of allowing the power to be held by the individuals that work for them. Reminding the reader that under the Gerald Ford administration a practice began in which the corporations did allow individual workers to own pieces of the company and allow them to garner a slice of the profits gains he then takes the reader on a tour through history in which after that era corporations began to exercise the advances in technology and globalization to threatened employees with moves across seas if they demanded higher wages or pieces of the profits(Laxer, 1995). Moving entire manufacturing or other operations overseas became a reality for many companies as they escaped ecological mandates, labor laws and wage demands by doing so. This recent turn of events provided corporations with the power politically, socially and economically(Laxer, 1995)."
Abstract This paper discusses the role of business in bridging the gap between social changes and economic activity. In the past two decades we have seen a rapid increase in the power and influence of American corporations that operate globally. These large firms are responsible for bringing changes in social and cultural values of other nations and hence seen as a threat to their national identity.
From the Paper "With large corporations and multinationals literally ruling the world, one comes to the conclusion that business activity is largely responsible for social and economic development of civilizations. This is evident from the recent trends that we have witnessed in the world. Businesses of various kinds are dominating all spheres of life and any positive and negative trend in economic activity eventually casts its influence on society and social development. It is important to pay close attention to recent events in order o understand how social development is directly linked with business and economic activity. After the demise of communism in late 1980s, capitalism suddenly gained more influence and power than any other system of the economy. With rise in the strength of capitalism, the countries supporting this system automatically gained more power as they now had the reason to believe that their economic system was better than socialism as the latter had led to disintegration of one of the most powerful nations."
Abstract An exploration of the economic and political definitions of these three systems from a neutral, technical point of view as well evaluating them from a personal perspective. Included are descriptions for all these systems and a comparison of their main qualities.
From the Paper "Although we may think of capitalism as an inherently modern phenomenon ? the product of the Industrial Revolution ? it has been the dominant economic system in the West since at least the fall of the feudal system in about the 12th century in Europe (although of course different regions shifted from feudalism to capitalism at different times). Unlike in feudalism, in which people are connected to each other through personal, intergenerational ties, and bound as well to a piece of land, under capitalism almost all of "the means of production" are owned by private individuals (as opposed to the state or a few overlords). Production is determined neither by custom nor by those few who hold vast tracts of land but rather by the market place ? by individual sellers and buyers who each negotiate the best deal that they can get for themselves."
Tags:communism, capitalism, socialism, democracy, political, politics, system, government
Assesses the changes made to the Cuban economy since the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe the extent to which the free-market has been embraced.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 14 sources, 2002, $ 97.95
Abstract The post-1989 collapse of communism in Eastern Europe led many observers to believe that a comparably rapid transition to democracy and economic liberalization was imminent in Cuba. This paper will examine the changes made to the Cuban economy and the affects of the changes during the 1990s. An assessment will be made of the extent to which Cuba has moved from state socialism to a free-market capitalist economy.
Abstract This paper analyzes the way in which technological advancements have made it much easier for the people around the world to be connected to each other. The paper discusses how it has become much more convenient for people to travel, communicate and do business internationally. It discusses the expansion of the corporate sector and policies of trade liberalization and financial market deregulation.
Table of Contents:
What is Globalization Historic Background of Globalization Analytical Perspectives about Globalization Social/Global Stratification
Positive Impacts of Globalization Negative Impacts of Globalization Conclusion
From the Paper "A common perception of globalization is like treating the world as a shared market by breaking the physical and politico-cultural barriers. Its practical implication is in the terms of corporate companies deciding to take part in the emerging global economy and by establishing themselves in foreign markets. These companies in a global environments, adopt their products or services to the final user's cultural requirements. The technology plays a vital role in expansion of the businesses beyond traditional boundaries. These companies make best utilization of the Internet revolution and establish a virtual presence on the international marketplace with a multilingual corporate website or even as an e-business. Globalization is not a new concept any more, but it remains as intrigue as it was at its time of inception. It is an inevitable phenomenon. It has helped in bridging the gulfs between the world's economic, political and cultural values and practices. The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous advancement in the field of technology canalizing way for much faster and dramatic application of the concept of globalization thereby coining the term of a 'global village' for the entire world. Its impacts on different nations, however, remain much debatable."
Tags: deregulation, economy, global, globalization, liberalization, market, marketing, trade, village
Abstract In this article, the writer relates that there was much fanfare and there were well-publicized, high hopes world-wide that when Russia rejected its communist-style dictatorship, the enormous, sprawling nation would become a pivotal part of the global economy. The writer notes that with all those resources and that huge population, Russia has yet not come close to living up to the promise many in the international community held out for it. The writer maintains that it would seem to be a reasonable move for President Putin to position his country to be able to join the globalizationcommunity and to go head-to-head with other major G-7 nations on the competitive playing field. The writer argues that Putin has made a lot of moves to strengthen his own political position at the expense of building his nation through trade and interactions with wealthy nations. The writer concludes that this is bad news for Russians; but at least they can speak their mind at the polling places, if, in fact, the elections are truly free of interference from the Kremlin.
From the Paper "Indeed, on the subject of respect, Russia has been attempting accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1995, and it's been a long process, but Russia is not there yet. Prior to investing millions in a country that has not even gained entrance into the WTO, the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations, a foreign corporation would need to do a lot of nit-picking research."
"The situation in Russia is still shaky politically and economically. It is true that Russian economic production and exports in the past few years have been on the rise, but much of that is due to oil production. So, if the question is, should a foreign business consider investing in Russia, then the answer has to be: "maybe," or a cautious "perhaps" - under carefully controlled conditions - or just "no." Globalization, while helping other nations economically, is apparently not on Russia's radar screen quite yet."
Abstract This paper reviews many of the distinctive organizational challenges related to globalization. First, a background is established by identifying some forces driving globalization. An important aspect of this paper is to understand that a foreign subsidiary of a company is not an independent entity and therefore the company must understand that it is essential to adjust the corporate organizational behavior practices to meet the needs of employees in every country. The following organizational challenges are covered: adjusting organizational behavior to fit corporate culture; managing a global company; teamwork in a global atmosphere; the rights of the oppressed; and electronic communication and globalization. By putting these challenges in context, a U.S. multinational corporation could effectively develop the organizational behavior practices that can be successfully implemented by subsidiaries in other countries.
From the Paper "There are many globalization challenges for businesses, especially those operating across national boundaries as a multinational or global enterprise. Organizational behavior in a global company is especially challenging because organizational practices vary from country to country. With technology changing at every blink of the eye, the world in general is starting to look smaller and global dominance more attainable. As a result, more and more companies are venturing outside the constraints and realms of geographical and cultural boundaries. Thus, these companies are eagerly embarking upon the idea and concept of globalization. This prompts the need to manage human resources effectively to gain competitive advantage in the global market place."
