Abstract This is a technical work where the author discusses new, cutting edge technologies and their possible application for interplanetary communication. Specifically, the author refers to broadband communications technologies and the recent development of nanowire technology that enables the construction of microscopically thin cables, which, because of their extreme sensitivity and the great distance of interplanetary space, hold great potential for the development of new communication devices and technologies.
Table of ontents:
Introduction
Issues Facing Interplanetary Communication Optical Communications Instead of RF Transmissions
Designing an Effective Photo-Detector
The Advances Possible with Nanowires
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "The design of the MIT photo-detector is relatively simple from an engineering standpoint (see Appendix for diagram of the photo-detector). This is especially true considering the high degree of efficiency it is capable of producing. Of course, the simplicity of the design belies the significant calibration the device requires: the nanowire must be cooled to almost absolute zero, the glass gap of the photon trap must be a very specific function of the wavelength of incoming photons, and the use of an anti-reflective coating on the surface of the device is critical. The design consists of a photon trap with a nanowire detector followed by a gap of glass, and then a mirrored surface. The nanowire is wrapped in a tight coil in order to maximize its absorption of incoming photons, and the nanowire is cooled to close to absolute zero, three degree Kelvin to be precise, which transforms the nanowire into a very small superconductor. As a superconductor, the nanowire responds in specific ways to photons that impact the nanowire allowing for detection."
Abstract This paper presents a scientific description of nanotechnology and a review of its current applications. More specifically, the paper examines applications of nanotechnology in the automobile manufacturing industry and associated industries, discussing the advantages of the technology as well as its uses and potential uses.
From the Paper "This research examines the uses and potential uses of nanotechnology in the automobile manufacturing industry. The examination includes a background review of nanotechnology and its emergence. The examination of the use of nanotechnology in the automobile manufacturing industry also covers applications by suppliers' companies in the broader automotive manufacturing sector. Nanotechnology is at the point of convergence of chemistry and physics which together produce more complex molecular structures and electronics with a focus on the..."
Abstract This paper takes a look at nanotechnology and reviews the possibilities of nanotechnology possessing the properties to become the next revolution. This paper also discusses the speech "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" given by Nobel Prize winning physicist, Richard Feynman, disagreeing that the laws of physics do not control man's capacity to control single atoms and molecules.
From the Paper "It has been said that with creation comes destruction. Technology has yet to perfect rational within nanotechnology. However, if a nanomachine with the capability of logical reasoning is developed, one must speculate whether or not nanotechnology can possess the properties to become the next revolution. Forming a new revolution can alter the way the society lives economically, scientifically, and in many other ways. In essence, nanotechnology with the capacity of logical reasoning can have the capability to become harmful instead of good, striving to bring out the destruction of its creator."
Abstract This paper describes how this system allows aircrafts to communicate and report to the ground and vice versa. It explains the processes involved, the transmitting of data on VHF frequencies that can be received and decoded. It is a digital data system in VHF (Aviation). It makes it possible for aviation companies to ?communicate? and track the planes of their fleet.
From the Paper "The Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) maintains a huge worldwide VHF and HF voice network to provide operational radio communications for the aircraft industry. ACAR was designed and developed in the early eighties. It was produced to reduce the flight crew's workload by using modern computer technology to exchange many routine reports and messages. ACARS uses the AM mode because the same airborne VHF radio is often also used for voice communications. Burst transmissions are used with a limit of 220 characters per message. Transmissions often last less than one second."
Abstract In this paper, the writer investigates the many factors, including operator training, law enforcement personnel's presence, and physical presence, that affect the effectiveness and performance of the aviation security systems. The paper reveals that a critical constituent of the nation's physical infrastructure, overall security and economic foundation lies in the safety and security of the civil aviation system of the nation. The paper then takes a look at the measures recommended to reform the aviation security system in the US and describes how the various measures have impacted the airports.
From the Paper "One of the main reasons for the decline in the performance level of screeners is the high turnover rate among the screeners- this rate was greater than even 100 percent a year at many of the large airports, mainly due to limited benefits, low wages and the work being of a monotonous and repetitive nature. The current system has got inherent weaknesses in which the screening of passengers and controlling access to the secured areas are the responsibility of the airline. Questions have been raised whether they should consider alternative approaches"
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of effective communication in the airline industry to prevent the threat of human error. The paper highlights that clear and concise understanding of specific phrases and the inclusion or exclusion of something as simple as an "s" can mean the difference between life and death for crew and passengers. The paper further highlights that safety and communication go hand in hand, as often shown by the results of air crash investigations. The paper insists that training for pilots and crew members, therefore, needs to include not only communication strategies, but also the technical aspects of the English language.
Outline:
Introduction
Communication in the Airline Industry
The Human Factor in Aviation Safety
CRM History
Effectiveness of CRM
Ethics and Leadership
Development and Training
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are many more cases in which a lack of communication and language skills among pilots and air traffic control personnel resulted in accidents and deaths that could otherwise have been avoided. This is a problem that increasingly needs to be addressed in the contemporary globalized community. The problem is further exacerbated by the fact that neither pilot nor air traffic controller could be native speakers of English, making it difficult to interpret instructions or calls for assistance in this language. Baron refers to this as "language barriers", where a lack of language skills is specifically to blame for a lack of effective communication".
Tags: error, management, human, error, aviation, training, programs, technical, training
Abstract This paper addresses the subject of business ethics in the field of aviation, as well as emphasizes the effects of September 11 on the aviation industry. Through discussing the responsibilities each part of the aviation industry has toward air travel, this paper provides a clear analysis of why enhanced business ethics concerning safety and security are of utmost importance. The paper compares security features before September 11 with those after the tragedy, in an effort to determine how they have improved and what they are still lacking. In addition, it discusses the rights of aviation employees, shareholders and passengers to determine which security and business procedures are safe and which are invasive.
From the Paper "Prior to Sept. 11, the Air Transport Association, a representative for major airlines, and the Regional Airline Association, a trade group for smaller carriers, published the main security guide for airlines. This Checkpoint Operations Guide was designed to implement Federal Aviation Administration security regulations.
However, prohibiting box cutters on airplanes was an industry requirement, not a government one. The FAA actually allowed airline passengers to carry blades less than four inches long before Sept. 11.
However, airlines often did not invest the time or money before Sept. 11 to check passengers completely. In addition, according to Rep. John Mica, chairman of the House Transportation subcommittee on aviation, the FAA did have strict guidelines for screening standards in place (Salant). This combination was a recipe for disaster."
Abstract Established in 1958, the Federal Aviation Administration has grown from a largely unorganized regulatory agency to overseeing the safety of civil aviation and the nation's largest air traffic control system. This paper examines how it has grown into one of the most powerful agencies in the government today and, in light of the recent terrorist attacks, is now federally regulating many recently privatized aspects of civil aviation.
From the Paper "The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was created in 1958 under the Federal Aviation Act to oversee and promote civil aviation safety. However, the Air Commerce Act of 1926 set the stage for a federally-overseen aviation system, mainly as a method of ensuring safety standards, and was "the cornerstone of the Federal government's regulation of civil aviation." (FAA.gov). Its early responsibilities focused mainly on setting safety standards, and "for licensing virtually everything related to aerospace" (Tyson 2). Until its designation as the Federal Aviation Agency in 1958, the agency took on an expanding role in overseeing the progression of civil aviation. As times changed, and technology made new innovations possible, the government recognized a need for a more central agency to regulate civil aviation. In 1966, the Department of Transportation was created, and the Federal Aviation Administration was included in this new department. Many important events took place in the following decade. These included the creation of a semi-automated air traffic control system, which allowed controllers to determine the speed and location of aircraft. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 gave way to increased competition, and saw the need for a more efficient system to combat the increased growth. The National Airspace System was created in 1982 as a way to address this problem by improving many aspects of the current system. The last twenty years have seen technology make notable impacts on the airspace system, and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 spurred major regulations, including the creation of a Transportation Security Administration that overtook primary responsibility for the system. As its mission statement reads, "Our mission is to provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world." (FAA.gov)."
Tags: administration, airplane, aviation, civil, faa, federal
Abstract This paper considers the way the implementation of GPS technology (Global Positioning Satellite) in aviation has affected safety and what this will likely mean for the future. It discusses how GPS technology has become a major technological advance for use by the airline industry and for aviation at all levels and how the tracking capabilities and accuracy of this technology has had a major impact on aviation safety as a result.
From the Paper " The creation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) offered a boon to many people and many professions. The use of GPS for ships at sea was noted early. The system was also deemed of particular value to the military and so to the government, which protected aspects off the technology for some time and kept these from wider public use. More recently, GPS technology has become viable for virtually everyone and has been included in automobiles, laptops, individual electronic tracking devices, and much more. GPS technology has also become a major technological advance for use by the airline industry and for aviation at all levels, and the tracking capabilities and accuracy of this technology has had a major impact on aviation safety as a result. "
Abstract The following paper outlines US aviation gun laws as they existed prior to 9/11 and how they stand today in the age of Homeland Security and global terrorism. The paper then examines the legal issues involved in changing America's gun aviation laws in the aftermath of the brutal attacks of 9/11. From there, the paper looks carefully at how the transformation of America's aviation gun laws profoundly changed the traveling experience of ordinary Americans. Finally, this paper summarizes the pertinent legal issues and it will conclude with an explication of why the recently-enacted gun laws are not only permissible, but entirely desirable.
Abstract The paper compares and contrasts the actual historical record of Howard Hughes and his life with its depiction in the film, "The Aviator", directed by Martin Scorsese. The paper relates that Howard Hughes became a recluse, and died alone. The paper also describes a part of the film which brings Hughes' early career into focus, while foreshadowing the torment that tortured him in his later life. The paper then points out that, as with most Hollywood dramas, the actual history of Howard Hughes and the story told by the film, become tangled in places, creating judgments on Hughes and aspects of his life that simply may not be true.
From the Paper "Little of this early history is covered in the film, and the most glaring omission is that Hughes was married when he first when to Hollywood. Ella plays no part in the early part of the film, and the pair were divorced in 1929, but still this too was something that must have had an affect on Hughes' later years, and just as his initial impetus in making films is ignored in the film, so is some significant personal history. There is also much speculation during this early portion of the film that Hughes' lifelong obsession with germs and cleanliness began due to his mother's influence and own paranoia, but there is little real evidence to back this up, most historians believe it is speculation at best. During his time in Hollywood, he made several motion pictures, "Hell's Angels" was not the first, as the film implies."
Abstract This paper discusses how drugs and aviation do not mix well at all and how, although regulations and drug testing programs have been implemented to help fight against drug use, there are still a few people that get through the system undetected. The paper relates that it is a fact that a majority, if not all, drugs have some sort of adverse reaction when taken and that these reactions can include drowsiness, delayed reaction time, impaired judgment, and many other deadly factors. The paper also examines how the regulations and programs that have been implemented to help reduce and stop drug use in aviation have been called into question, whether it is cost effective or not.
From the Paper "Both the state and federal governments have fairly strict regulations when it comes to drug use. Although there are several types of drugs, the state and federal regulations are focused more on the use and or possession of illicit drugs. The least regulated drugs are the non-prescription or over-the-counter drugs. These non-prescription drugs include the common aspirin, ibuprofen, and any other drug that can be purchased over the counter at a local drug store. Another type of drug that is moderately regulated by the federal and state governments is prescription drugs. Prescription drugs include medications such as anti-depressants, sedatives, and opiates. Prescription drugs are regulated more than non-prescription drugs, because the person must have a doctor's approval and fill the order with a pharmacist. However, prescription drugs are still easily obtainable at times and they are legal to use. "
Abstract This paper attempts to educate the reader about the four major classes of drugs. Physical and emotional reactions to the various drugs will be discussed. A discussion on government regulations regarding drug use and mandatory screening are also described. The reader is challenged to take a position regarding mandatory drug testing of individuals employed in the aviation field.
From the Paper "When one thinks about substance abuse, one normally thinks about drugs such as alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. We can go on forever. Drugs are classified into four categories: stimulants, depressants, psychedelics, and inhalants. Each of these different types of drugs causes different effects on the human body. The average person can think of a neighbor, friend, or family member who is a substance abuser. It seems that he or she rarely stops and thinks about what drugs and other chemicals can do to our body. Think about how they can impair the proper judgement of an airline pilot, flight crew, aircraft mechanics. Drug abuse onboard an aircraft can result in serious injury or death in both the user and innocent passengers."
Tags: drugs, workplace, abuse, aviation, substanceflight, crew, testing, government
Abstract This research project examines strategies used by shift workers in aviation maintenance to cope with the fatigue and sleep disturbances suffered as a result of interrupted sleeping patterns. A connection is drawn between accidents, injuries and even airplane malfunctions and sleep disturbances in shift workers.
From the Paper "Approximately 20 percent of the American workforce - some 20 illion workers - work nonstandard hours (Liskowsky, 1992). Shift work may take the form of evening or night work, rotating shifts, irregular shifts, split shifts, or extended-duty hours. The U.S. Office of Technology has asserted that shift work has the potential to disrupt the body's biological rhythms or changes in various physiological and behavioral functions that repeat at regular intervals ranging from minutes to months."
Abstract A paper on the future of the aviation administration from the perspective of safety. The issues discussed include pilot performance and safety management.
