Abstract This paper analyzes the communicationskills that are necessary to be a computer programmer, with the goal of discovering the best methods of communication in the occupation. This paper explains that because computer programmers generally work in an office setting, inter-personal communicationskills are essential. Uses a case study of a specific programmer.
From the Paper "Chris Allan is a computer programmer for a small software company that specializes in computer programs for the handicapped. Chris normally has no contact with the company's customers, who have disabilities such as poor eyesight or hearing. They are the main audiences of his work, but he is also accountable to his fellow programmers and his supervising director. Chris's job involves communication with the projects planner, collaboration with other programmers, and occasionally presenting completed projects to his supervising director. On the job, Chris must be creative and outgoing as well as critical and polite."
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of two different types of functional communications systems designed to teach communicationskills to students with autism. The two functional communication plans analyzed are the Picture Exchange Communications System (PECS) and Facilitated Communications.
From the Paper "One chief aspect of children with autism is tangential or delayed speech and language credentials (Charlop and Haymes, 1994). Attitudinal intrusions like discrete trial procedures (Lovaas, 1987), incidental teaching (Hart & Risley, 1980), delay procedures (Charlop, Schreibman, & Thibodeau, 1985; Halle, Marshall & Spradlin, 1979), and pivotal response training (Koegel, Koegel & Schreibman, 1991) have been applied to boost speech, but more than half of children with autism still stay devoid of speech (Charlop & Haymes 1994). Other intrusions have been enhanced to hold in a focal point viable communication plans for children who do not evolve speech."
Abstract This paper looks at gender-based differences in effective business communication. The writer points out that, just as men and women have different characteristics in other areas, so too is this evident in how they communicate in the workplace, not only in the words they use, but how they express those words. The paper also looks at the difference between good and poor communicationskills in general.
From the Paper "Persuasive speech, especially, requires the ability to listen actively to opposing positions with a degree of intellectual flexibility that enables the speaker to synthesize a follow-up position capable of being integrated into an intellectually valid counterargument (Ehrlich, 1993). In this regard, anticipation of possible counterpoints is crucial to success, since the only alternative for the unprepared speaker is the choice between a potentially damaging off-the-cuff, spontaneous response and continuing with a scripted argument that has already been effectively challenged."
Abstract This essay examines the limitations of communication models by examining the writer's own communicationskills and interactions. Covered are Linear & Interactive models of Communication, proxemics, gestures, body-language, non verbal communication, barriers, language, active listening, self-disclosure, Johari window & self reflection.
From the Paper "Most of the verbal communication is from one individual to another. This is true in a family, social, or a work setting. One-on-one verbal communication affords the greatest opportunity for precise communication, because immediate feedback from the receiver can tell whether the message has been understood accurately. However communicating effectively involves more than just accuracy. The purpose of most communication is to influence the attitudes and behaviours of those whom we address. Since the human race is composed of billions of individuals, each with a different way of responding, no one approach is universally effective. It is therefore important to learn to express ones self accurately and in a way that will accomplish the purpose toward the individual being addressed. (Lewis & Slade 2000)"
Abstract This paper discusses the barriers to effective communication that are common between staff and patients in mental health or psychiatric units. The paper explains that these barriers tend to be more prevalent when the client population is a geriatric one and then describes the patient factors that contribute to these barriers such as psychiatric disorders, personality disorders, and sub-clinical behavior traits. As well patients may feel frustrated or fearful. The paper then discusses staff-related factors that impede effective communication such as poor communicationskills, overwork, lack of experience, and an inability to cope with the unexpected. Additionally, the author writes about her own experience and research regarding this matter, saying that poor communication results in inadequate symptom management, unilateral treatment decisions, and generally poor quality of care.
Abstract In the present day, nonverbal communication evokes the interest of a broad spectrum of academic disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, communications, and linguistics and has a similarly wide scope. Most research in the field of nonverbal communication, however, has focused more on the process rather than the skills aspect of the subject.
In this paper about nonverbal communicationskills, the author discusses the following questions:
Why learn about nonverbal communication?
What are the challenges of interpreting nonverbal messages?
Why is it important to understand nonverbal communication code?
How does nonverbal communication help us improve our interpersonal communicationskills?
From the Paper "Another important culturally different aspect of a common non-verbal gesture is the appropriateness or otherwise of "eye contact." In most Western cultures, particularly the United States, making of eye contact is considered to be very important. Americans perceive people who do not make eye contact during conversation as evasive and untrustworthy; they are often considered to be hiding something. Most American business communication books recommend it as vital for success during interviews and during making of speeches or business presentations. Making direct eye contact in several Eastern and African cultures, on the other hand, is considered to be extremely rude and insulting-especially if the people involved are different in status, power or age. Children in many Asian and Latin American cultures are taught to show respect to authority figures by avoiding to look into their eyes."
Abstract The paper looks at three communication areas; verbal, non-verbal and written communications. The paper discusses how interactive feedback is essential for all these communications methods and relates that interactive teaching techniques need to dominate the development of verbal, non-verbal and writing skills. The paper reveals that writing skills are one the most prized and difficult to find from a marketability standpoint by employers.
Outline:
Introduction
Improving Verbal Communication Non-verbal Communications Written Communications Summary
From the Paper "It is essential to have an ongoing commitment to continually improve verbal, non-verbal and written communications for anyone pursuing immediate academic objectives, and further, professional objectives in business. The need to have a strongly developed set of verbal, non-verbal and written communications is in many professions just as important if not more important than having technical skills, as business is by nature highly collaborative. The ability to quickly become part of a broader team and contribute to objectives is even more important than knowing more than everyone else. Contributing through collaboration is a skill that continually needs refining and strengthening if a business student will be able to progress into a successful professional career."
Tags: interactive, feedback, teaching, techniques, verbal, non-verbal, written
Abstract This paper examines how, within the field of healthcare, there is an identifiable need to implement an effective form of communication and how personnel at all levels may need instruction for appropriate use of these communicationskills. It summarizes how these facilities would allow for training which would implement communication technology such as, voicemail and email with acknowledgment, cellular telephones for mobile communication and improved support for role based contact and message screening. It looks at how the healthcare facility would benefit tremendously with greater communication and develop more successful relationships with their patients and how this training would prove to be cost effective and how the long term use of better communication would help all people involved to benefit from the use of effective communicationskills.
From the Paper "There currently is a need for individual healthcare workers to consider carefully the effects of their communication behavior on their own efficiency and effectiveness as well as on that of others. Ineffective communication behaviors may result in an interruptive work place, which possibly contribute to inefficiency in work practice. People working in the healthcare area are highly mobile during their working day. The mobility of staff and the difficulty contacting these "moving targets" suggest that support for mobility through the use of wireless technology, such as cellular telephones or pagers might be beneficial."
Abstract This paper examines how communication is a process by which we produce signals ourselves and receive and interpret the signals of others, using our five senses. The senses, used for human communication, are hearing/sound production, sight, touch, smell and taste. It also discusses the importance of non-verbal communication. The film "To Live Again" about the rescue and rehabilitation of a young woman after 16 years of solitary confinement in her own room at the hands of her mentally-ill mother, is used as an example to demonstrate the importance of good communicationskills.
From the Paper "The Johari model of the self or four selves provides insight into the role of self-awareness in communication. 'The Johari Window' is a model of constant size, but each section can vary, from very small to very large. As one aspect diminishes, one or more of the others expand. Similarly, as one section grows, one or more of the others must get smaller to accommodate the growth (Luft, 1984). The model has four basic areas, or quadrants, each of which represents a different aspect of the self; not separate pieces, but interactive and interdependent parts of the whole. The areas are the open self, the blind self, the hidden self and the unknown self (DeVito, 2001)."
Tags: live, again, non, verbal, sight, touch, smell
Abstract This paper examines how interpersonal communicationsskills are important in building trust within groups, between people and across differing groups and organizations. It shows how advertisers tap into these types of interpersonal communication techniques in order to forge bonds with their target audiences and how lesser-skilled advertisers will often turn off their audience with ill-conceived messages, poorly delivered and often ill timed. Savvy advertisers know that, at least in the American marketplace where there are multiple companies with similar products competing, developing advertisement that, at least, establishes a common bond with its audience via interpersonal communications, both verbal and non-verbal cues, will be more likely to be successful.
From the Paper "Important to any group, organizational, or even individual relationship to keep and maintain cohesion is the element of trust. As an example, in the most basic group unit for many people, the family, trust between parents and children, between siblings, and between mother and father, all play a role in a family's cohesion. Through trust, children learn how to interact with those outside of the family, learn how to communicate with the world around them and develop self-esteem, or lack thereof. Because of the tendency for hierarchal relationships in families, people will often learn differing responses for communicating with those in their own age group, and with those older or younger then they are."
Abstract The paper explores how a social worker can be an effective communicator even with clients who do not speak a common language. The paper discusses the steps in developing effective body language skills, nonverbal communicationskills, and the use of gestures. The paper emphasizes the importance of effective communication for social workers.
From the Paper "Social workers interact with many different people in the course of their day-to-day job, and often social workers will find themselves in situations where they are communicating with individuals from a different cultural background. A large part of an individual's cultural background is their language. It is quite likely that as a Social Worker one will be in situations in which they must attempt to effectively communicate with an individual who does not speak the same language. Cross-language communication can be very confusing and frustrating, but as a Social Worker it is important to remain calm and draw on all forms of communication in order to get or provide the information needed. This may involve the use of body language, pictures, or props. In the ideal situation, one would try to find an interpreter in order to facilitate the communication process, but often this is not a possibility in the social work field, as much of a social worker's job takes place on site and away from additional resources."
Abstract The subject of intercultural communication has become not just a politically correct topic in today's increasingly diverse societies, but a matter of necessity given the spread of the global economy and the degree of economic integration. Intercultural communication within the business climate implies a degree of acceptance of another culture and language vis-a-vis its business and cultural customs and practices. This paper notes that, while developing intercultural communicationskills can be considered a valuable core competency in the contemporary business climate, the development of such skills should be approached in a manner that is not necessarily purely an academic pursuit, but one that is also necessary, personally enriching, and fun.
Abstract This paper first studies the history of gender roles with regard to communication and how in the past decades with the openness of society and globalization, it has become more "acceptable" for women to take leading roles in public speaking. The writer also looks at studies which examined the different way school children communicated in co-ed and non co-ed schools. Finally gender differences in the workplace are analyzed.
From the Paper "In the past, men and women's roles were strictly enforced by society. Men were expected to behave in a certain way and women were expected to in another way. No one would dare to violate these unwritten rules, or face extreme humiliation. In the case of women acting in a way that was traditionally a man's behavior, in some cultures, she could face physical punishment for her transgressions. When men violated social graces, often these transgressions were ignored. As women gained more status, these roles began to change, but the differences still existed. They were only expressed in a more subtle way. "
Abstract In one sense, the demands of leadership never change. A successful leader communicates with employees and motivates them to achieve organizational goals. However, the techniques to achieve this are evolving rapidly. This report analyzes the leadership and communicationskills required to manage effectively in the emerging culture of self-managed work teams. Texas Instruments is assessed as an illustrative case. The hazards of poor communication are also considered.
Abstract This essay discusses how genders express themselves differently in the form of non-verbal communications. Women usually display greater skill at sending and receiving nonverbal messages.
