Abstract
This paper provides an examination of the content of three public speeches made to the Athenian public: a funeral oration by Pericles from Thucydides's "History Of the Peloponnesian Wars"; the comic play, ?Acharnians? by Aristophanes; and Socrates?s response to a capital charge contained in ?The Apology.? The paper looks at each speaker's claim to a special insight and understanding that the ordinary person doesn't have and analyzes the works to identify their commonalities and differences. The paper concludes with a summary of the research presented.

From the Paper
"Thucydides. Athens reached its height of power and prosperity, its "Golden Age," during the 400's B.C., and was the center of culture in the Greek world. The Golden Age became famous for its remarkable literary and artistic Greek accomplishments. The Golden Age, though, ended with the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 B.C. This costly war between Athens and Sparta lasted until 404 B.C. and left Athens exhausted. According to Chapter I of "The First Book," Thucydides was an Athenian who wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians ?beginning at the moment that it broke out, and believing that it would be a great war and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it.? Pericles was the leading Athenian statesman from 461 to 429 B.C., and his career spanned most of the Golden Age, a period of history that began in 477 B.C."

Tags:acharnians, age, golden, greece, marathon, wars, proper, policy, dicaepolis, imperfections, investigations

Abstract
This paper examines the issues of commonality that women face as a gender, regardless of their race, ethnicity, class, age, or sexual orientation. It observes that, while there are certain sub-groups that have fewer problems in life than others, there are, nevertheless, significant common problems and limitations women face that men simply do not.

Abstract
This paper examines the commonalities of revolutions with an emphasis on the Russian Revolution and another revolution in a very different cultural zone, the Mexican Revolution. This paper further explores similarities and differences as they relate to three aspects these revolutions: ideology, antecedents or contributing factors and outcomes or a changed social order. The paper is structured according to these topic. It concludes by analyzing the outcomes of these revolutions on both Russian and Mexican society.

From the Paper
"All revolutions are characterized by certain commonalities, and similarities can be observed between the Russian Revolution and another revolution in a very different cultural zone, the Mexican Revolution. This paper will explore similarities and differences as they relate to three aspects of the Russian and Mexican Revolution: ideology; antecedents or contributing factors; and outcomes or a changed social order. The paper will be structured to present the ideology that influenced and determined the Russian Revolution, followed by ideology and a comparison for the..."

Tags:mexico, russia, revolution

Abstract
The following paper briefly discusses Arendt's book on the Holocaust and focuses specifically on the way in which Jewish leaders in the past and today exhibit the same political and philosophical motivations as the Nazi leaders in the holocaust.

From the Paper
"From a political standpoint the Nazi leaders and the Jewish leaders had much in common during the Holocaust. This was pointed out at the trial as an excuse for the Nazi's behavior. The political motivation for each side was the same. Keep those who could help, and eliminate those who were a hindrance. In addition there was a moral blinding in each arena regarding the treatment of Jews at the time. Many Jews were afraid of persecution so they in turn encouraged their leaders to turn on the gypsies, gays and other minorities that they felt the Nazis might be willing to take in their place."

Tags:flawed, reasoning, rule, Israel, children, bastards, Jewish, mother, married, buried, law

Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of Common Law in Canada. First, the paper defines Common Law as that which develops and continues to evolve in the courts,yet is differentiated from law as passed by a legislature. It further describes Canadian Common Law's roots in the British legal system. According to the paper, Common Law relies heavily on precedent and is reasonably uniform throughout the nation and in all states.

From the Paper
"Common Law is law which develops and continues to evolve in the courts, differentiated from law as passed by a legislature. This is also known as judge-made law, and the system is found in many countries and is related to the British system which first developed the concept. Common Law relies heavily on precedent and is reasonably uniform throughout the nation and in all states, and because of its origins, it is sometimes referred to as unenacted law. Such law still pertains in systems where it is accepted, however, and cases are decided on that basis. While some see the common law as unchanging because it is not subject to the political forces that may shape and change enacted law over time, in fact it is not really..."

Tags:common, law, canada

Abstract
This paper is an overview of sixteen common fallacies used in debate. The paper provides two examples of each in the hopes that students can better discern these fallacies when they emerge in debate and/or in academic literature. As a useful point, these examples can also be used to highlight the partisanship of leading politicians eager to spread their own agenda.

From the Paper
"Ad Hominem: personal attacks of any kind are ad hominem attacks. Two examples would be Al Franken's loud denunciations of Bill O'Reilly and others while another would be someone dismissing George W. Bush's policies because he is (allegedly) "stupid". Ad Populum: Two examples of ad populum fallacies would be recent gall-up polls showing weak support for the war in Iraq and/or an argument that insists that "most people" do not want gay marriage or an end to abortion."

Tags:common, fallacies, debate

Abstract
The paper provides a critique of the "The Tragedy of the Commons" by Garrett Hardin and then addresses issues of climate change.

From the Paper
"Some works are groundbreaking and change the way the academics in many disciplines think about important issues. Often these works achieve this effect by having a powerful narrative that people can really relate to. One of the best examples of this type of work is the "The Tragedy of the Commons" by Garrett Hardin (Hardin 1968). This particular work had major effects on ecology, environmental studies, economics, sociology, anthropology and a range of disciplines. This is why it is often required reading in many university courses. This essay will not look at the strengths of "The Tragedy of the Commons"..."

Tags:tragedy, commons, analysis

Abstract
In this essay, the writer supports the claim that some intelligent people lack common sense. Several examples are provided. The conclusion attempts to provide brief explanations for the lack.

From the Paper
"Mingroni reports that a fairly common definition of intelligence is that it constitutes the ability to learn to understand and to deal with novel even challenging situations in an effective manner. In this same vein Hogan discusses intelligence as the ability to apply knowledge so as to manipulate one's environment and think abstractly. Psychologists often measure intelligence using an IQ test and report back scores to people telling them just where they stand higher or lower in intelligence relative to the ..."

Tags:intelligence, common sense

Abstract
This paper examines the foreign policy established by the European Union during 1993. The paper explains that the aims of the policy include issues such as safeguarding common values and fundamental interests shared by all Member States as well as strengthening the security and co-operation between Member States. The paper points out that the European Union functions as part of a larger conglomerate of countries that foster relationships to the advantage of all partners involved. The paper also looks at how the EU is exemplary of the amiable collaboration between countries to find common ground rather than points of conflict. In conclusion, the paper shows that the relationship between Russia and the EU promotes the mutual trust and respect necessary for countries to function well together. By collaborating, these countries then become more than the sum of their parts, and become beacons of excellence and an example for the rest of the world to follow.

Outline:
Introduction: Foreign Policy
History of EU/Russia Relations
The Way Forward: Common Spaces
- The Common Economic Space
- The Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice
- The Common Space of External Security
- The Common Space on Research, Education, and Culture

From the Paper
"A common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) was established in 1999 in order to streamline security operations such as peacekeeping and conflict prevention. This has been applied successfully in locations such as Bosnia and the Republic of Congo. On the domestic front security and peace are two issues that enjoy top priority in the European Union. Indeed securing peace in Europe as a whole is one of the reasons behind the integration of the continent into a single entity. As such the EU has followed a paradigm of expansion inviting all to share in its collective paradigms of democracy and peace across the European continent. Countries are invited to join the Union under its European Neighborhood Policy. Under this policy, the EU is also collaborating with countries such as Russia in order to create mutually beneficial paradigms that will eventually extend beyond the borders of these alliances in order to benefit the earth as a whole."

Tags:Russia, expansion, security, freedom

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that common law on the federal level is embodied in the decisions of the courts at every level. The writer maintains that the final decisions on many such issues are decided by the Supreme Court, which itself is governed by the body of common law in its emphasis on precedent. The writer points out that common law is law that developed and continues to evolve in the courts. The writer concludes that in the federal system, common law is part of the mix used by judges in interpreting statutes and in deciding rights and responsibilities, and the decisions they make then become part of the body of common law to be tapped by others in the future.

From the Paper
"The common law is the law of precedent as set by the courts in using, interpreting, and adjudicating these laws and other legal traditions. This is the process in many countries, with the courts carrying out the mandates of the legislature and giving different degrees of deference to those statutes or to a written constitution. This process has been examined from a number of standpoints to determine how it aids or hinders in development and carrying out social policy. Edwin Stevens Robinson examines more specifically the role of law and lawyers as roles operating as rules. The judicial mind operates by a process of deliberation based on contents that are largely social, and the social role thus again becomes an issue in the development and application of rules."

Tags:courts, legal, system, reasoning