Abstract Relationships are complex and can be complicated by a longing for a lasting commitment. For this reason, many have opted to simply have sex without any type of commitment (sex with no strings attached). Others hold the belief that sex is a pledge to be committed. The purpose of this discussion is to explain why sex must involve commitment.
Outline
Introduction
Sex Without Commitment Definition of Sex From a Noncommittal Point of View and Differences Between Men and Women
Sexual Freedom
Sex with Commitment Definition of Sex from a Committal Point of View
Adverse Affects of Noncommittal Sex
Conclusion
From the Paper "Another reason why some believe that sex should be committal is the adverse effects of noncommittal sex. They assert that there are social, physical and emotional ramifications to noncommittal sex.(Mathewes-Green) The social ramifications have to do with the stigma that is attached to people (mainly women) that engage in noncommittal and or promiscuous sexual acts. In addition, noncommittal sex can lead to unwanted pregnancies, which increase the number of individuals that are dependent upon the welfare system. (Mathewes-Green) Unwanted pregnancies also increase the number of abortions that are performed and the overall being of our society is jeopardized when unwanted children are born to mothers that are immature and not ready to parent. "
Explores the First Amendment through journalism by reviewing "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 26.95
Abstract This paper provides a book review on "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by authors Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman. This book is remarkable in that it is a collection of essays by Dannie Martin, a prison inmate and Peter Sussman, his editor. In total, fifty essays written on all aspects of the federal prison system are found within this book and cover a wide range of topics from racism to AIDS to the prison societies. "Committing Journalism" also describes the First Amendment problems that occurred when Martin and Sussman attempted to publish these essays in the San Francisco Chronicle.
Abstract This paper explains that the character Joey "The Lips" Fagan from Roddy Doyle's short novel "The Commitments" is not the main character but he is one of the most compelling because, without him, the novel and the band would be quite different and not as interesting. The author points out that his role seems like a mentor, but in the end, he acts more like a destroyer because he allows the women to come between the band and the music and he cannot take the pressure or responsibility of a real life with real commitment. The paper relates that his most important contribution, which he brings to the band, is their success; his leadership teaches them that they can be a success and that they can make more out of their lives.
From the Paper "Joey plays several different roles in the novel. He is a musician first of all, and a good one, so he acts as a teacher to the other band members, many of whom are just learning how to play or sing. He is a professional, and so the others want to be like him, so he is a type of mentor too. He has done what the teenagers want to do, and so he can show them the ropes and maybe make their lives a little easier. He is somewhat like a savior, creating something from nothing and watching it grow and mature, but he is also human, and he runs away when the going gets too tough. He is not honest, and he is odd, but he is also the reason the band was successful."
A discussion of the views of Joseph Raz and H.L.A. Hart regarding the distinctions between committed and detached normative statements, and between external and internal statements made about the law.
Abstract This paper examines the distinctions drawn between committed and detached normative statements, as well as between external statements about the law and internal statements made by those who accept the law. It focuses particularly on the views of Joseph Raz and H.L.A. Hart regarding this issue. The paper asserts that both Raz and Hart tap into the internal viewpoint of a person on whether one accepts a rule or not as law, but only at a superficial level. Raz's 'committed statement' and 'detached normative statement' parallel Hart's 'internal statement' and 'external statement' respectively. On this level, the paper posits that Raz's theory supplements Hart's theory. It concludes, however, that there are subtle differences between the two and that Raz's ideas bring Hart's theory to a different level.
From the Paper "Raz contends that the acceptance of rules of recognition is a moral decision, not just a matter of fact as Hart asserts. In Practical Reason and Norms (1990), Raz states that 'Intuitively, it is always the case that one ought to do whatever one ought to do on the balance of reasons', which is the core of Raz's theory of practical reasoning. He suggests that reasons can be categorised into first and second order reasons. An example of a first order reason: 'I bought a bottle of champagne, and because I love drinking champagne, I have a first order reason for drinking it'. A second order reason that counteracts my first order reason could, for example, be that 'I promised the bottle of champagne for my friend to drink'. This second order reason (i.e. a promise) excludes further deliberation as to whether I want to drink the champagne."
Abstract This paper begins by detailing the current policy governing involuntary commitment. It then discusses the history of how the policy developed and the effect of that policy. Key issues surrounding this practice are discussed such as its implementations, the legal ramifications and sensitive social issue. The paper concludes with a discussion on the steps required to preserve the civil rights of the mentally ill.
From the Paper "Health professionals treating mentally ill patients frequently seek to commit their patients to psychiatric hospitals. When the patient will not consent to commitment, the doctor might consider involuntary commitment, often at the insistence of the patient's family. In recent decades, however, the United States Supreme Court has greatly limited the circumstances where an individual can be committed to a mental hospital against their will. Despite those rulings, the civil rights of the mentally ill remain under attack. The public often perceives those who suffer from mental illness as a danger to society and want them kept separate from the community at large (Wahl, 1995, p. 1)."
Abstract This paper discusses involuntary institutionalization on the basis of two contrasting doctrines of philosophy, utilitarianism and libertarianism. Following a brief introduction to the history of civil commitment of the mentally ill, the utility of involuntary institutionalization is contrasted with its implications from a libertarian view. Both sides of the argument are discussed thoroughly and in supporting the utilitarian viewpoint, different models of involuntary institutionalization are entertained in order to provide a system with the least amount of rights infringement.
From the Paper "The basis of most, if not all argumentation against a system supporting involuntary institutionalization stems from the ideals under which libertarianism operates. One of the foundations of libertarianism rests on a distinction between positive and negative rights. A positive right might be, for example, the right to assistance. A negative right, by the same token, would be the right to not be interfered with. Under this conception, negative rights are usually paired with positive rights, so even though we have a positive right to assist others, they have a negative right to refuse that assistance. It is only when the negative rights are waived by that person that we may exercise our positive rights to assist them. The arguments against involuntary institutionalization will be discussed on this basis."
This paper discusses the commitment to God of St. Augustine and Catholic Worker Movement leader Dorothy Day as presented in the books "The Confessions of St. Augustine" translated by John K. Ryan and "Dorothy Day: A Radical Devotion" by Robert Coles.
Abstract This paper explains that Catholic Worker Movement leader Dorothy Day and St. Augustine may be separated by years, but they are brother and sister in their joy and passion for life, for God, and for serving their Lord to the best of their abilities. The paper relates that Day question God throughout her life but found the answers in her work, in her strong commitment, and her relationship with God. The author believes that while Dorothy Day has not been raised to sainthood by the Church, she is certainly a saint in her own right and deserves a place beside St. Augustine.
From the Paper "By sharing their writings and really their souls with their readers, both Day and St. Augustine not only show their beliefs ? they are actually perpetuating them. Those who read their stories cannot help but be touched by these devout people and the path they chose to worship and share their worship. They are more than believers; they are doers, for they dedicated their lives to following the path of God, and leading others down that path to joy and salvation. One of the things that really stand out in their wittings is their passion and commitment to what they are doing, and their passion and commitment in life. As they share their joy with others, they not only transform others' lives, they transform their own, and that is one of the things that helps their stories ring so true, and become so influential in the eyes of readers."
Abstract This paper describes the development and administration of a survey instrument designed to measure readiness for commitment in serious intimate relationships. The paper discusses the administration of the instrument, the method and the results. The paper also contains a literature review on the topic.
Abstract This paper examines employee motivation, commitment and morale at Southwest Airlines. The paper looks at the methods used by this airline and why it has been so successful. It looks at its approach to employee motivation and how it differs from that of other companies and airlines.
From the Paper "Report on Southwest Airlines Executive Summary. Motivation according to Robbins and Decenzo, the authors of "Fundamentals of Management" is one's willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals conditioned by the efforts and ability to satisfy some individual need. (Southwest) This has certainly been achieved by Herb Kelleher at Southwest Airlines who has some of the most motivated employees in the industry."
This extensive paper discusses organization leadership and analyzes leadership in three companies, Nationwide Financial, Marriott Hotels, and Lloyd's Bank.
Abstract This paper examines the behavior of workers within an organization or company as related to the process of change management, organizational behavior, and leadership styles; to expectations expressed by the leadership within the organization; and to the steps, which were either effective or ineffective, in processing the required and desired change within the organization. The author points out that the area with the greatest influence on organizational behavior is the leadership and the leadership style of those responsible for the organization. The paper stresses that, in organizations in which a bureaucracy is a functional source of existing leadership, a factor in all three case studies, simply limiting the bureaucracy can initiate minor organizational change. Charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Transformational Leadership
Organizational Commitment Definition of Terms
Leadership Style
Transformational Leadership
Transactional Leadership
Laissez-faire
Organizational Commitment Case Presentation
Case Study #1: Nationwide Financial
Reluctant leaders
Arrogant leaders
Unknown leaders
Workaholics
Case Study #2: Marriott Hotels
Case Study #3: Lloyd's Bank.
Discussion in Terms of Leadership, Change Process, and Organizational Commitment Conclusion
From the Paper "In terms of its effects on an organization, the Laissez ?Faire leader can create the most significant gap between what he believes is going on in the organization, and what is actually occurring. Because this leader typically manages by exception only, the organization can continue in a dysfunctional state, but if the devolving performance never comes to the leaders attention, the organization will continue unabated. There are some situations in which the Laissez-Faire approach can be effective. The Laissez-Faire technique is appropriate when leading highly motivated and skilled people, who have produced excellent work in the past, and have a history of efficiency. Once a leader has established that his team is confident, capable and motivated, he can step back and let them get on with the task. In this type or organization, if the leader interferes, he can generate resentment and detract from their effectiveness. By handing over ownership, a leader empowers his group to achieve their goals. What is important to note about this leader, in handing over the ownership, he also relinquished his active involvement in the process, and thereby diminished his influence, and thereby his level of effectiveness."
Abstract This paper examines two organisations: Exxon Mobil and The Body Shop. It suggests that in the case of The Body Shop, the presence of an ethical code has increased their commitment to ethical marketing practices. However, in the case of Exxon Mobil, the presence of an ethical code does not necessarily ensure a strong commitment to ethical marketing practices. It concludes that the presense of an ethical code can only increase organisational commitment to ethical marketing practices if it is enforced by either an ethics officer or an ethical awareness programme. In addition, it shows how the effectiveness of ethical codes can vary between organisations and industries.
From the Paper "The Body Shop is an organisation that set themselves tough standards within their code of ethics; their mission is to dedicate its business to the pursuit of environmental and social change (Anon 1, 2004). In an organisational context, the code of ethics has been developed in order to support the marketing objectives and the mission statement of the company. Due to the size of the company, the actions of the Body Shop are visible to the public and the external pressure to manage ethical activities is far greater than that of a smaller company (Weaver, 1993). Therefore, any mismanagement of ethical activities will reflect badly on the company and contradict the high expectations that have been outlined within the code of ethics. Weaver (1993) reinforces this perspective suggesting that it can be potentially dangerous for a company to use ethics as a positioning tool."
Abstract This paper explains that psychologist Robert Sternberg proposes a theory of love consisting of a "love triangle" with the three components of passion, the drive that leads to romance, physical attraction, sexual consummation and related phenomena; intimacy, the feelings of closeness, connectedness and bondedness in loving relationships, and commitment, the decision that one loves someone else and commits to maintain that love. The author points out that these three components may be combined to characterize eight kinds of love; however, the relative emphasis of each component changes over time as an adult romantic relationship develops. The author points out that Sternberg's triangular theory of love has been criticized for its methodology and on the grounds that passion, intimacy and commitment often overlap; other scholars have found this theory to be a meaningful base for their own study of love. Includes illustration and Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale questionnaire.
From the Paper "Commitment is the cognitive component, which consists of knowing and perception. It can keep a marriage together way after passion is gone and intimacy is no longer possible. But commitment without one or both of the other elements leads to an empty marriage. Many older persons today despair over the younger generation's seemingly unwillingness to make commitments. Perhaps younger people, seeing what has happened with earlier generations, realize that people and relationships change and that making a commitment should go far beyond what matters to them in the short run."
Abstract This paper gives an historical analysis of James Madison and his Presidency, focusing on his commitment to the separation of church and state. This commitment influenced the decisions he made and the political ideology that he upheld. The paper traces Madison's political career and its interconnection with the birth of the US. Madison's famous treatise on separation of church and state entitled "The Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments," is analyzed. The paper concludes by reinforcing James Madison's commitment to the separation of church and state and the protection of individual liberty.
From the Paper " From the early days of the development of the British colonies into an independent nation, Madison was involved. As a student of history, government, and law, he took part in framing the Virginia Constitution in 1776 and held membership in the Virginia Assembly ("James Madison"). Madison served in the Continental Congress and engaged in frequent debates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia ("James Madison"). Together with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, Madison made a major contribution to ratifying the Constitution by writing the Federalist essays, which were in favor of the creation of a more powerful federal government to replace the ailing Confederation. The essays earned him the title of "Father of the Constitution," although he claimed the document was "the work of many heads and many hands" ("James Madison"). He also shared in framing the Bill of Rights and passing the first revenue legislation."
An examination of the existing laws and statutes of armed robbery, what is defined as armed robbery, and how it pertains to juveniles when they commit armed robbery.
Abstract This paper examines the existing statutes for armed robbery, defines armed robbery and suggests proper retribution for juveniles who participate in this specific crime. The paper discusses a scenario of a 17-year old male committing a robbery in a department store with an unloaded weapon and focuses on whether or not the suspect is guilty of armed robbery and what is an acceptable punishment in light of the fact that the suspect is a minor. The writer advocates that it does not matter anymore who commits serious felonies, even juveniles can and will be held accountable for their actions and with the number of increased violent crimes committed by juveniles, the criminal justice system will change also. The writer believes that in the scenario mentioned above, the 17-year old made a grave mistake and will have to deal with the consequences.
From the Paper "The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts has stated that the gist of the offense of armed robbery is the commission of an offense while armed and it is not necessary to show the use of the dangerous weapon in proving the offense. All that need to be shown is that the defendant carried a weapon on his person while committing the robbery (Moenssens, Bacigal, Ashdown and Hench, 2003, p.850).
Based on our scenario it is unknown as to what state this armed robbery occurred in, and there is not any evidence as to how the store employee felt at the time of the crime. Much is left to be interpreted, however, the statements made by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts is an example of how different states define armed robbery."
Abstract This paper provides a definition of cyber crime and explores different forms thereof. It asks questions such as - Who commits cyber crime and what is being done to prevent it. It examines the most common crimes committed via the Internet such as software piracy and credit card fraud but also analyzes the scarier crimes such as child pornography and security hacking.
From the Paper "Cyber crime is probably the most talked about form of crime in North America. Parents worry about pedophiles using the Internet to access their children. Businesses spend enormous amounts of money to protect their computer systems from hacker attacks. Many individuals will not use the Internet to shop because they are worried about how secure their credit card information is on the Internet. Is all of this worry, sometimes verging on hysteria justified? Or is it simply a case of fear of a new technology."
