Abstract
This paper examines how the commercialization of football has benefited the game and pushes players to being the very best. It looks at how it has improved the quality of the game and given talented players the opportunity to make the most of their capabilities, with the final benefit going to national teams because of the experience that players have gained from training and playing with the best clubs in the world.

From the Paper
"The commercialization of football teams is not only important for the team itself, but it is important from the economic point of view. As Kevin Roberts says in the "Global Game," which was published by Football Culture, "in our shrunken, money-driven world, talent is the most prized commodity of them all" (Roberts qtd in "The Global Game"). The player who has this "commodity" has the right to sell it to the highest buyer. Professional sports are an area for very great business profits. In 1996, it was calculated that the people spent over 25 billion dollars a year on sports goods and "sports related expenditures" (Linberry 19). This figure does not include the sales profits made from marketing products during sporting events or through the backing of a popular athlete (19)."

Tags:clubs, teams, training, media

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of sports in the U.S. and how sports has become a commercial industry in itself. The paper explains that America seems to commercialize everything, and with the overwhelming support for national sports, this too has become a vibrant and profitable sector of the consumer economy. The paper looks at the monetary value of sports in the U.S. and explores the benefits and down-side to mass-produced commercial sporting entities.

From the Paper
"Most professional team sports play a series of games instead of one to decide the championship. For this reason, the Super Bowl is unique in American professional sports. Football has typically been viewed as the toughest team sport with large men playing a full contact sport that makes the entertainment value extremely high for sports fans. These factors make the Super Bowl a unique and powerful entertainment package that appeals to sports fans like no other championship game can. For this reason, the Super Bowl is the most commercialized event in sports. The commercialization of the Super Bowl makes it a grandiose event. People who are not even football fans watch the Super Bowl for the creative commercial broadcasting. As a result, the Super Bowl generates the creative commercialization process that increases fervor for material things and greatly influences pop culture."

Tags:superbowl, football, basketball, advertising, culture, extreme, television

Abstract
This paper explains the development of non-profit microfinancing, which gave poor people the ability to help themselves, and the extension of this movement into for-profit microfinancing organizations. Next, the author suggests that for-profit microfinance banks will give better service to the poor because these organizations will compete by offering different rates, benefits, advice and technologies. The paper proposes a quantitative study comparing the treatment of clients, interest rates, services offered, loans dispersed and money earned by a private, not-for-profit microfinancing organization and a for-profit commercialized microfinancing institution.

Table of Contents:
Introduction and Background
Thesis and Significance
Brief Review of Literature
Methodology and Conclusion

From the Paper
"In addition to the individual level, the commercialization of microfinance has several benefits on the macroeconomic level. Competing institutions is the first step to building a viable market economy. Learning how to compete on the financial realm will allow businesses to understand competition within the market environment, encouraging them to invest in other mediums, to trade with other countries, and to master the concepts of opportunity cost and production possibilities, which will move them forward in self sustainability."

Tags:women, entrepreneurs, anecdotal, competition, quantitative

Abstract
This paper discusses how human intelligence and cultural diversity have given rise to a tremendous variety of societal beliefs about romantic love and marriage. In particular, this paper looks at how, in the United States, sex and love have been commercialized to such a degree that it is clearly the dominant overall marketing theme of the advertising industries.

From the Paper
"Generally, commercial advertising exploits the same idealistic and unrealistic image of romantic love and marriage that has always been promoted by the motion picture, music recording and television industries. Romance novels, movies and popular music all rely on the romantic notion of "true love," according to which each person has a corresponding "perfect" mate waiting to be found. Furthermore, both American popular culture and commercial advertising have always invested heavily in the theme of "happily ever after," according to which true love, once found, is always wonderful and everlasting."

Tags:valentines, day, marriage

Abstract
This paper looks at the concept of news journalism in mass media, and demonstrates that the intrusion of commercial interests into journalism--and especially with the dominance of cable news programming--has created an ethical conflict which undermines the validity of our news.

From the Paper
"The concept of 'News' would appear on the surface to warrant the very straightforward definition as being the reporting through mass media of current events. In particular, news journalism will generally have some type of relationship to current events, whether to serve as a channel for explaining events, a forum for discussion such events for a context for relating past or historical events to current scenarios. Additionally, it is instructive to think of news journalism as necessarily reflected through some form of mass media in which a single message source may connect to a broad array of potential recipients. Indeed, there is a justification to understand news in this way. However, a closer examination of some of the core conflicts in news media today illustrate that this definition is unsatisfactory and over-simplified at best and dangerously conducive to an over-empowerment of the media at worst. The discussion here will demonstrate that the intrusion of commercial interests into journalism--and especially with the dominance of cable news programming--has created an ethical conflict which undermines the validity of our news."

Tags:viewer, system, conflicts

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that a solution proposed to the organ donor shortage is the commercialization of human body parts, and that this is a solution well worth investigation. The writer notes that in this increasingly commercial world it should come as no surprise that individuals are willing to pay for organ transplants. In fact, individuals do pay for organ transplants on a regular basis, but they do so in a manner that is currently against the law and frequently very dangerous. The writer discusses that through putting law and regulation in place individuals could receive organ transplants without leaving their own country, and donors from within the same country could receive monetary compensation for their organ donation, as well as proper medical after care. The writer concludes that if commercialized organ donation is what it will take to save lives and to prevent the exploitation of the less fortunate who are coerced into illegal and unsafe organ donation, then it should be considered a very viable solution.

From the Paper
"Due to the organ crisis, there is a rampant black market for organs, especially kidneys, that sees individuals in deprived, often third-world countries selling their organs to rich Westerners. There are a number of serious and medically dangerous issues associated with this growing trend, not least of which is the unsatisfactory care provided to the donors. Individuals who donate their organs usually do so for very small amounts of money and receive substandard health care following their donation. The doctors who perform these illicit operations are the ones who benefit financially, while the individual who purchased the organ usually survives much longer, but still may not receive the best after-care due to the illegal nature of the operation. The donors often experience a decrease in livelihood and standard of living as they develop medical conditions that prevent them from participating in the manual labour force that is usually the only available employment. Regardless of restrictions and laws against these black market transactions, they continue, and will continue, and almost understandably. Being faced with a life threatening condition and having the means to remedy the situation through the wielding of power and money would be an opportunity not easily turned down by many individuals."

Tags:transplants, body, black, market, compensation

Abstract
Discusses the thesis of the book. Effects on people of turning human emotion into a commodity. The human costs of emotional labor demanded by the business community. Concept of deep acting on part of employees. Focus on training of Delta Airline Flight attendants for customer service. Problems encountered by flight attendants.

From the Paper
In The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (1983), Arlie Russell Hochschild discusses the transmutation of human emotion into a commodity, and the effects this has on those who daily expend their emotion for the sake of business. While the first part of her book she dedicates to private life, in the second part she discusses the costs of emotion work in the workplace and the different strategies used by both employees and employers to manage these costs. Specifically, Hochschild focuses on the commercial expropriation of feeling management, the differences between various types of emotion labor, and how gender, status and the search for authenticity are effected by the feeling mechanism in each individual.
In the beginning, Hochschild points out that emotion work and emotion exchange are both a natural occurrence in every day

Abstract
The paper discusses how Capell's article notes how the London commercial real estate sector has been battered by the global downturn - to the point where many office building projects have been put on hold. The paper relates that the article points out that commercial property values fell 27 percent in 2008 and another 3.5 percent in January of this year. The paper notes that according to at least one expert with a leading firm, the British commercial property sector was the first to react to the financial crisis (Capell, 2009).

From the Paper
"Capell's article notes how the London Commercial real estate sector has been battered by the global downturn - to the point where many office building projects have been put on hold. The article points out that commercial property values fell 27 percent in 2008 and another 3.5 percent in January of this year. According to at least one expert with a leading..."

Tags:commercial, real, estate

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. To do so, a number of topics will be touched upon so that readers can gain a broad understanding of the importance of commercial art in contemporary culture, as well as some of the means by which commercial art is produced.

From the Paper
"The importance of commercial art and the artists who create it cannot be overemphasized. Western, capitalist societies depend upon the skills that commercial artists possess. Quite simply, "commercial artists create a moving record of social moods and public perceptions ... because art, emotion, and business interests converge in advertising" ("Area of Study" par. 2). Put another way, capitalism is built on advertising. Without advertising, producers would not be able to convince consumers that they have an artificial need for a given product. Commercial art is the medium through which advertising operates and the proverbial glue that holds together the economic systems of Western nations. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. "

Tags:commercial, art, overview

Abstract
This paper discusses one of the central themes of the internal politics of sports, as being the conflict between commercial professional ethos and amateur elite ethos. The paper discusses the growing commercialism in British sports since 1945 and explores and analyzes the different perspectives of amateur elitism and commercial professionalism.

From the Paper
"It is also worth noting that even during the peak of the amateur ideal, professionalism and commercialism were not eradicated, nor always treated with hostility . They were instead, bounded and subordinated for the most part. Arguably, distinctions between the amateur and professional sportsman remained crucial in that they "helped maintain a pre-existing set of social relations" and "often served to preclude or circumscribe class competition in sport" Though by the 1950s with the foundations of Britain's 'New Jerusalem' firmly laid ideas that the gentlemanly amateur should outrank the paid professional became unfashionable. Social change and a "less deferential spirit" provided the impetus for challenging traditional hierarchies of power in sports. Indeed the 1950s is often seen as the decade "when a set of crucial changes were set in train which were set to usher in the 'modern' game" of professionalized sports."

Tags:amateurism, professionalism, sport, commercialism, football, athletics