Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. To do so, a number of topics will be touched upon so that readers can gain a broad understanding of the importance of commercial art in contemporary culture, as well as some of the means by which commercial art is produced.
From the Paper "The importance of commercial art and the artists who create it cannot be overemphasized. Western, capitalist societies depend upon the skills that commercial artists possess. Quite simply, "commercial artists create a moving record of social moods and public perceptions ... because art, emotion, and business interests converge in advertising" ("Area of Study" par. 2). Put another way, capitalism is built on advertising. Without advertising, producers would not be able to convince consumers that they have an artificial need for a given product. Commercial art is the medium through which advertising operates and the proverbial glue that holds together the economic systems of Western nations. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. "
Abstract This paper discusses one of the central themes of the internal politics of sports, as being the conflict between commercial professional ethos and amateur elite ethos. The paper discusses the growing commercialism in British sports since 1945 and explores and analyzes the different perspectives of amateur elitism and commercial professionalism.
From the Paper "It is also worth noting that even during the peak of the amateur ideal, professionalism and commercialism were not eradicated, nor always treated with hostility . They were instead, bounded and subordinated for the most part. Arguably, distinctions between the amateur and professional sportsman remained crucial in that they "helped maintain a pre-existing set of social relations" and "often served to preclude or circumscribe class competition in sport" Though by the 1950s with the foundations of Britain's 'New Jerusalem' firmly laid ideas that the gentlemanly amateur should outrank the paid professional became unfashionable. Social change and a "less deferential spirit" provided the impetus for challenging traditional hierarchies of power in sports. Indeed the 1950s is often seen as the decade "when a set of crucial changes were set in train which were set to usher in the 'modern' game" of professionalized sports."
Abstract This paper contends that commercials are far less sexist and less racist now than they were 50 years ago or even a generation ago. The writer discusses that subtle sexism is as dangerous as the more explicit varieties, because it is harder to identify and therefore to fight against. In this article, the writer explores sexism in the world of the television commercial.
From the Paper "Most of us try to avoid thinking about commercials. We reach for our remote to mute them, wander out of the room during them, talk to our roommates, do some homework on our laptops. And because we try to ignore commercials much of the time, we believe that their influence on us is minimized. We are not really paying attention so we do not think that they are affecting us. But the average American is exposed to thousands of ads and commercials every year and even if we are ... '
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that all the characters of the play 'Long Day's Journey into Night' are trapped by their family history and their inability to break out of the family cyclical arguments, however, no one is more trapped than Mary. The writer suggests that
it seems possible that Mary was always lonely. The writer discusses that as a child she may have structured her world around the idea of being a nun because of a guaranteed community, but even in a convent, Mary would have had to know how to connect with others. Further, the writer notes that at every turn she has made choices that isolate herself. Mary chose a stand-offish man for a husband, and has made choices throughout her adult life that have kept her lonely.
From the Paper "One soon finds out that Mary has significant problems. When the play opens, she has very recently returned home from a sanatorium where she was treated for addiction to morphine. As the day goes on in the play, it becomes apparent that Mary has returned to taking morphine, and quite a lot of it. Mary has an excuse for her addiction: her husband was too cheap to pay for a good doctor after her second son was born, and that doctor got her addicted. Mary may have started with morphine to ease the pain of childbirth and its aftermath, but now it is apparent that she uses it as an escape from reality. Her need to escape is so great that she is in complete denial about her son Edmund's case of tuberculosis -- even though her father, whom she loved dearly, died of tuberculosis himself."
Abstract The paper discusses surveys which study the effect of TV commercials on children. The paper relates that the food industry has increased its advertising to all ages, including children, which is having a negative impact on their health. The paper suggests that companies should be held responsible for their influence on children, or at least present a more rounded view of food and nutrition. The paper also states that children have been bombarded by food marketing, which has resulted in higher rates of obesity. The paper ,after referring to various situations, concludes that a relationship has been found between television commercials and eating.
From the Paper "A similar study was conducted in Europe, where children do not eat enough fruit and vegetables and where exposure to TV is negatively associated with the intake of these foods. This study by Klepp et. al. (2007) explored exposure to food commercials on TV in nine European countries with approximately 12, 750 children to determine the association between this exposure and attitudes toward eating fruits and vegetables. The authors state that the children report exposure more to more unhealthy foods than healthy ones such as fruits and vegetables. However, those who were exposed to fruit and vegetable TV ads were much more positively disposed toward eating these foods. These findings point to the important, and more positive, role that TV could play in supporting healthy eating messages."
An analysis of the theme of isolation within three classic American novels: "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald and J. Alfred Prufrock's "The Love Song".
Abstract This paper analyzes the novels "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald and J. Alfred Prufrock's "The Love Song", focusing on the theme of isolation in America. The author explains that each of these three novels, in their own way, addresses how America is the land of freedom and open spaces, of boundless dreams and opportunities, but is also the land of "keeping up with the Joneses" and distances too vast to be bridged by mere mortals. The paper shows that, while the causes and the results are different in each book, isolation remains a motivating factor and determinant of individual characters' destiny. The paper begins with an assessment of "The Grapes of Wrath", demonstrating how it deals with isolation in its broadest sense - the isolation of one individual from the rest of humanity. Then the paper discusses "The Great Gatsby", which addresses the breaking apart of humanity on a much more individual level. The most isolating experience is depicted in "The Love Song", the paper concludes, which depicts the isolation experienced by every modern day individual.
From the Paper "Though T.S. Eliot treats us to an image of movement, and change, the metaphor he gives us is that of a "patient etherized on a table." Immediately, we have the sense that all of those wanderings are the stuff of dreams and fantasy. It is as if we are privy to the goings-on inside Alfred J. Prufrock's head. Symbolic of the intense isolation experienced by modern men and women is also the fact that, in those same lines, nothing without ourselves is ever distinctly heard or observed. We hear "mutterings," and see few people on the streets. The "one-night hotels" speak of transience, and of pleasures taken on the sly. Prostitutes are frequently associated with such places. Does Prufrock mean to infer that all the pleasures of the modern age are no better than the mercenary delights offered by a prostitute? Do we purchase even our own happiness? Nor must one forget the isolation of the prostitute. She is isolated from "good society." She is also isolated from her customers, many of whom she will never really know, and probably never see again. Those who patronize her, too, engage in a thoroughly anonymous experience."
Tags: alone, humanity, individual, society, classics, Americana
Abstract This paper stresses that it is not the illness of schizophrenia that will cause the person in this case study on mental illness the most hardship, but rather society and his own response to his diagnosis in the form of social isolation. The author points out social isolation is related to stigma, which any patient with mental illness or dementia is certain to experience. The paper relates that the origins of both stigma and social isolation are found in the labeling process. The author stresses that social isolation creates very serious problems for treatment and recovery. The paper concludes that the main role of nursing in relation to social isolation must be a response to the patient's and the family's needs for understanding, support and health teaching.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Issue: Social Isolation Therapeutic Intervention
Conclusion
From the Paper "At the same time, the labeling process which instigates the entire experience of social isolation produces a massive impact on the patient by not merely providing a diagnosis but imposing a new identity. Deegan (1993), herself a patient with schizophrenia, maintains that the label of mental illness arrives as a package plan which ensures that the patient will be utterly alone. Social isolation begins in the health care system because health care providers tend to confuse the person with the symptoms. The patient is forced to perceive themselves as health care providers view them through the label that comes with diagnosis."
Tags: alone, understanding, coping, attitude, family
Critical analysis of Thomas Pynchon's, "Crying of Lot 49". The paper attempts to exploit the problems associated with Pynchon's world of isolated individuals and explains the oneness associated with people who are similar in their isolation.
Abstract This essay explores Pynchon's novel, "The Crying of Lot 49". It also looks at a critical essay written by Molly Hite and discusses the ways in which Oedipa becomes both isolated and at one with society. As more people join the "society of isolates", they become assimilated as one, rather than separate in their isolation. This essay covers some of the questions that arise when reading Pynchon's famous novel and it delves into the subject of love in "The Crying of Lot 49".
From the Paper "In her essay ?Purity as Parody in _The Crying of Lot 49_,? Molly Hite repeatedly argues that as Oedipa attempts to define her universe in terms of either absolute coherence, the ?Word,? ?one,? or ?Meaning,? or absolute incoherence, the ?Void,? ?zero,? or non-meaning, she misses a possible assimilation of these two ideas and thus becomes a failed heroine. Between these two apparently irreconcilable interpretative definitions that Oedipa gives to her universe, Hit posits that the novel suggests a third reality that the protagonist rejects during her alienated despair: ?The idea of a community of isolates is a paradox."
Abstract The paper examines how senior citizens typically live alone and often find themselves isolated from family and the community. The paper explores how isolation may be caused by the death of a spouse or by the death of close friends and family members. The paper further examines how senior citizens may feel isolated due to employment retirement or chronic illness that may keep them from involvement in social activities. The paper analyzes how isolation may lead to a variety of negative effects. The paper concludes that social services can help by providing isolated seniors with meals on wheels programs, shopping buses, transportation to faith-based multi-service centers, fitness and health centers, as well as education programs.
From the Paper "This isolation leads many seniors to develop alcohol and drug problems late in life, at a time when they are most vulnerable to medical conditions (Doup). The elderly make up some 11 percent of the U.S. population, yet they take more than 35 percent of the drugs prescribed, such as blood pressure medication, sleep medication, and tranquilizers, all of which created a toxic cocktail when mixed with alcohol, causing everything from dizziness to death (Doup). One of the most significant physiologic consequences of alcohol use in seniors is the effect on the cardiovascular system, because anginal pain may be deadened and/or ignored, leading to myocardial infarction (Bosworth)."
Tags: depression, suicide, heart, problems, emotional, support
Abstract This paper shows how the theme of isolation is presented both as a corrupting influence and as positive influence by eminent authors. It analyzes William Shakespeare's "Othello", Homer's "Odyssey", and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", and compares how the three different stories treat the concept of isolation in different manner. It demonstrates how isolation has the capacity to create different responses from people because, in "Othello", it creates mistrust and fear, while in the "Odyssey", it creates the deepening of love. It also shows how, in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", the power of isolation to lead oneself to sin is depicted very clearly.
From the Paper "Shakespeare uses isolation to heighten the difficulties of a man who mistrusts his wife. In Othello, isolation is a theme that is used to show that self isolation is often dangerous than useful. In Othello, the central characters after moving into Cyprus are isolated from the rest of the world. Perhaps Shakespeare could have used this isolation of the characters to highlight only the main characters who could play important roles till the end of the play. We can however find the widening gap between Othello and Desdemona in the play and it happens when they are isolated and do not have any peacemaker amidst them. Shakespeare uses the physical distance between Othello and his wife to highlight the fact that differences in opinion, if not attended to, would snowball into bigger issues that would be difficult to handle eventually. "
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that with rising fuel prices and terrorism as a backdrop, many of the world's major commercial airlines have filed bankruptcy, blaming the additional costs of fuel and security measures for their demise. The writer notes however, that this is not the case with every airline, which leads to interesting subject matter to validate an issue position. In this paper, the researcher validates the issue position that the economic collapse of many major airlines has not been caused by fuel and security, but rather by flaws in the typical commercial aviation business model. This position is justified by the citation of relevant literature and logical conclusions drawn from the research of same. The writer concludes that the aviation industry needs to continually strive for excellence if it is to avoid its own self-fulfilling prophecy.
Outline:
Presentation of Position
Commercial Aviation Still Holds Potential for Success
Modern Success Stories Exist
Current Events in Commercial Aviation
Bankruptcies are commonplace
Bankruptcies are Caused by Several Common Factors
Success Stories in Commercial Aviation
India's Aviation Renaissance
Low Cost Aviation Model
Proof of Position
Closing Thoughts
From the Paper "The commercial aviation industry is chock full of an inordinate number of bankruptcies, with hundreds occurring over the past several decades. These events had been blamed on a wide variety of factors over the years. Over the last 6 months, there has been another rash of bankruptcies, which are currently being blamed on the excess costs of the security measures needed to protect commercial flights from terrorist infiltration and the rising cost of fuel, with sources reporting that the industry can only realistically pass 10% of the additional expenses on to the consumer for a variety of reasons."
Abstract Isolation in literature is necessary for the development of the hero, of the protagonist and of societies depicted. Isolation gives the characters the excuse they need to focus on themselves in a very intense manner. This paper examines the use of literary isolation in terms of character identity and political transformation in "Animal Farm", by George Orwell, and "The English Patient", by Michael Ondaatje.
Abstract This paper discusses technology and social isolation. The paper discusses how humans are essentially social creatures and the harm that can be done by keeping a person in isolation, for example, prisoners of war. It then discusses the ways in which technology has contributed to to social isolation and the problems this is causing for teenagers.
From the Paper "Technology and Social Isolation Humans are social creatures. We are used to living and spending time with other people, like family and friends. Isolation from others can have an extremely negative impact on an individual. That is why the prisoners of war for example were often kept in isolation. For humans, being isolated can cause psychological problems like depression and loneliness. Unfortunately, technology contributes in a great extent to social isolation. Many of the activities that are taking more and more time in our lives are causing social isolation. Social isolation can become a big problem especially for teenagers and young people. "
Abstract The paper examines two articles; "Isolated by the Internet" by Clifford Stoll and "Cyberspace and Identity" by Sherry Turkle and posits that both Stoll and Turkle seem to focus too heavily on the most negative interpretation of the data available. The paper explains Stoll's views on computer use and the quality and character of friendship, depression, anxiety, social isolation, passivity, repressed rage, shyness and addiction. The paper then explores Turkle's prespective on computer use and the multiple personality theory. The paper contends that while certain patterns of computer use may indeed be associated with psychological dysfunction, the assertion that the use of computers to fulfill social needs necessarily causes or reflects psychological dysfunction or social deterioration is unfounded.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Stoll on Computer Use and the Quality and Character of Friendship
Stoll on Computer Use and Depression, Anxiety, and Social Isolation Stoll on Computer Use and Passivity, Repressed Rage, and Shyness
Stoll on Computer Use and Addiction
Turkle on Computer Use and Multiple Personality Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper "Clifford Stoll and Sherry Turkle present two very negative analyses of the social impact of computer technology on society. In Isolated by the Internet, Stoll focuses on the findings of an isolated study in which 256 subjects were provided with computers and Internet connections in conjunction with which researchers tracked their time spent on-line for the next two years. Stoll reports increased incidence of depression, anxiety, and social isolation, tied directly to the amount of time the subjects spent on the Internet. Stoll presents the findings of the research as a conclusion that computer use corresponds to the deterioration of social comfort and interpersonal communication and social skills, and also suggests that the other fast-paced, high-tech aspects of modern technology is detrimental to society and to the individual."
Abstract This paper describes commercial construction as "building projects exclusive of residential construction," and discusses commercial construction from both an economic point of view and from the point of view of the community. The paper discusses why commercial construction is a boon to the construction business, providing stable work even when residential construction is at a lull. The paper also discusses the complexities of managing commercial construction.
From the Paper "Commercial construction is defined as "building projects exclusive of residential [single- or two-family home] construction". It is one of the biggest segments of the entire construction industry and is believed to have strengthened the industry in recent years due to rapid and steady growth. The commercial sector has been growing steady for some time now as is evident from market research and reports. Back in 2000, Sinderman wrote: "...the state of the commercial real estate market is strong. The demand for office, industrial and retail buildings remains high, and, as Internet-based companies continue to grow, specialized facilities have become more popular than ever." In 2005, a construction report by McGraw-Hill supported that claim: "The commercial and infrastructure construction segments are providing a lift to the overall construction industry, marking a role reversal from most of the past two or three years. According to October 2004 figures for future construction contracts calculated by McGraw-Hill Construction, Lexington, Mass., overall new construction starts increased 4 percent in October versus September (on a seasonally adjusted basis), with nonresidential and infrastructure construction gaining while the residential sector fell slightly." (Late Rebound)"
Tags:commercial, construction, residential, business, office, hotel
