Abstract
This paper describes commercial construction as "building projects exclusive of residential construction," and discusses commercial construction from both an economic point of view and from the point of view of the community. The paper discusses why commercial construction is a boon to the construction business, providing stable work even when residential construction is at a lull. The paper also discusses the complexities of managing commercial construction.

From the Paper
"Commercial construction is defined as "building projects exclusive of residential [single- or two-family home] construction". It is one of the biggest segments of the entire construction industry and is believed to have strengthened the industry in recent years due to rapid and steady growth. The commercial sector has been growing steady for some time now as is evident from market research and reports. Back in 2000, Sinderman wrote: "...the state of the commercial real estate market is strong. The demand for office, industrial and retail buildings remains high, and, as Internet-based companies continue to grow, specialized facilities have become more popular than ever." In 2005, a construction report by McGraw-Hill supported that claim: "The commercial and infrastructure construction segments are providing a lift to the overall construction industry, marking a role reversal from most of the past two or three years. According to October 2004 figures for future construction contracts calculated by McGraw-Hill Construction, Lexington, Mass., overall new construction starts increased 4 percent in October versus September (on a seasonally adjusted basis), with nonresidential and infrastructure construction gaining while the residential sector fell slightly." (Late Rebound)"

Tags:commercial, construction, residential, business, office, hotel

Abstract
This paper focuses on the various aspects of constructional activity including planning, procuring, executing and registering activities. The paper also considers the legal aspects, insurance aspects and maintenance aspects of constructional activity and uses examples, facts and figures to discuss each aspect. Additionally, the paper looks at management in the construction industry, the risks of a constructional company, new techniques and methods in construction, and what strategy a construction company should follow in order to be successful.

What is Construction
What is Constructional Activity
Manager's Code of Professional Ethics in Construction
Risks of a Constructional Company
New Methods and Techniques of Construction
Order to be Followed in a Construction Industry for being Successful

From the Paper
"Building construction-case study of Fletcher Construction, Australia
According to the Recycling Resources Recovery Council (RRRC) the construction industry waste accounts for 44% of the total land fill in Victoria. In January 1993, Fletcher construction selected two Melbourne construction sites for training the program. One site was to introduce recycling and waste minimization methods and the other would adapt the traditional approach of handling waste on sight. The results of the trial revealed substantial savings to the project and environment. The process of implementing recycling and waste minimization reduced the volume of waste from 44% to 15%. 43% less land filled space was consumed and there was a financial saving of 55% achieved on waste removal cost. Over one third of the total waste volume generated was recycled. Fletcher Construction of Australia has incorporated green measures into its national policy, aiming to reduce waste on every constructional site by 25% as compared to the conventional methods. Its sister company in Seattle, Washington has also implemented similar methods."

Tags:capital, resources, structure, industrial, premises, projects, productivity, dams, canals

Abstract
The paper relates that an increasing number of commercial and residential structures are using steel frame construction techniques due to their many advantages. The paper explains that because resources are by definition scarce, it is important to recognize when and where steel frame construction is an appropriate choice. The paper therefore examines the contemporary applications, properties, strengths and limitations of steel frame construction techniques.

Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Methodology
Discussion and Analysis

From the Paper
"An increasing number of commercial and residential structures are using steel frame construction techniques today. The increased popularity of this building technique has grown from its early beginnings in Chicago a century and a half ago to become the building method of choice for many urban settings today. This increased use is directly attributable to a number of key advantages that steel frame construction has been shown to have over other construction techniques. For example, according to Fanjoy (2006), "While a versatile building material, lumber can pose a number of challenges to builders and remodelers: sudden and sizeable fluctuations in price, for example, or rot and dimensional instability due to exposure to moisture, either at the building site or after installation. But there is an alternative: steel framing" (3)."

Tags:lumber, strength, durability, architecture

Abstract
In 2003, the first new major mainline railway in the United Kingdom in one hundred years opened its doors. Section one of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) is the country's first high-speed railway and is being used for commercial and commuter services. During the planning stages of this immense project, several steps had to be completed prior to construction, such as formulating a plan to present to Parliament to ensure construction would disturb the environment as little as possible and to determine reparations should some harm be impossible to avoid. Approval was obtained and the CTRL was completed resulting in a reduction of commuter time and less congested streets.

From the Paper
Student's Name Name of Instructor Name of Course March 19, 2008 The Channel Tunnel Rail Link: Environmental Issues, Management, and Auditing Introduction In 2003, the first new major mainline railway in the United Kingdom in one hundred years opened its doors. Section one of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) is the country's first high-speed railway and is being used

Tags:environment, railway, ctrl

Abstract
The paper discusses how cities often revive themselves with major construction projects, often intended to revitalize some area of the city that has abandoned a former industrial use or where current housing and retail is to be renovated or torn down completely in favor of new construction. The paper explores how New York has had a good deal of both types of change, and a current project under way is known as the Atlantic Yards, a mixed-use commercial and residential development project of sixteen buildings, currently proposed in the neighborhoods of Prospect Heights and Park Slope, adjacent to Downtown Brooklyn and Fort Greene in Brooklyn.

From the Paper
"Cities often revive themselves with major construction projects, often intended to revitalize some area of the city that has abandoned a former industrial use or where current housing and retail is to be renovated or torn down completely in favor of new construction. New York has had a good deal of both types of change, and a current project under way is known as the Atlantic Yards, a mixed-use commercial and residential development project of sixteen buildings, currently proposed in the neighborhoods of Prospect Heights and Park Slope, adjacent to Downtown Brooklyn and Fort Greene in Brooklyn. The fact that a developer is undertaking such a..."

Tags:atlantic, yards, project

Abstract
This paper begins with a description of the destruction caused by the 1995 earthquake in Kobe, Japan and then takes a look at why the region suffered such extensive damage. The paper describes how the traditional Japanese home is constructed as well as how commercial buildings and transportation-related structures are typically constructed and explains why these structures could not withstand the force of the earthquake. The paper also points out the need to adopt newer methods of construction in order to make the homes and buildings safer and more capable of withstanding earthquakes.

From the Paper
"In 1990, the Japanese Meteorological Agency made a list of 18 regions that experienced seismic activity of less than 3 on the Richter scale. The regions on this list were considered "earthquake-proof". On January 17, 1995, to the surprise of the researchers involved, Kobe, Japan, one of the locations on the safe list, was struck by one of the most severe earthquakes known to mankind at 5:46 a.m. (Japanese Standard Time) (See Figures 1 &2). The magnitude of this earthquake measured 6.9 on the Richter scale and 7.2 on the Japanese Meteorological Agency scale. As a result of this earthquake, 5470 people were killed, 33,000 more were injured and a total of 310,000 local residents were left homeless. Water mains and gas lines were badly damaged. Survivors of the earthquake were left without many of the essentials for everyday life. Eventually, citizens were informed that they could be without water and gas systems for two months or more. Several larger structures including transportation systems, office buildings, and bridges were also damaged during the earthquake (Figure 3). As of April 22, 1995, $110 billion had been spent trying to restore Kobe to livable conditions. "

Tags:soil, foundation, conditions, proximity, fault, age, structural, system, survived, wood

Abstract
This paper presents a plan for Deere & Company, a leading producer of equipment for agriculture and forestry and a major producer of equipment for lawn and turf care and construction, which would allow the company to maintain a competitive edge in the marketplace without compromising the profitability of the company. The paper suggests that the best way to do this is by instituting a lean supply program and explains how to do this.

Introduction
Competitive Markets and Focusing on Customers
Rapidly Changing Products and Multiple Products in a Supply Chain
Development of Long-Term Relationships with Suppliers
Pressure on Costs
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the current volatile business climate, it is difficult enough to deploy resources properly from incoming materials to outgoing product in manufacturing small and disposable goods. The problem is magnified several times when the products in question are both durable goods and are marketed simultaneously to two different constituencies, consumers and commercial buyers. That is the case, however, with Deere & Company's Commercial & Consumer Equipment (C&CE) division."

Tags:supply, chain, professional, integration, improvement, initiatives, reduced, operating, expenses

Abstract
This paper explores the message in "Sex and the City" about heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality and gender and how the show suggests that heterosexual women can engage in equally fluid and commercialized constructions of identity, as do homosexual men.

From the Paper
"Are the ladies of "Sex in the City" heterosexual women or homosexual men? Although the answer may seem obvious, the rampant sexual play and obsessive quality regarding sexual performance on the part of the women, their love of shopping and definition of themselves through conspicuous consumerism, and the overall aesthetic of the show's sense of sexual and pop cultural "camp" might suggest that Charlotte, Carrie, Samantha, and Miranda are in fact drag queens rather than actual Manhattan, urban, female apartment dwellers. At one point, in an episode entitled, "Boy Girl, Boy Girl," Charlotte is photographed in drag as a man. In another episode Charlotte attempts to enter the lesbian art mafia. Breathless about her new found discovery of her latent, non-heterosexual drives and the ability to be around intelligent women unconcerned with male, she is brutally informed, in far more blunt and anatomical terms than one would like to quote in this paper, that if she does not consume a particular part of the female anatomy, she remains ostracized from homosexual identity."

Tags:sexuality, physical, act, gay, lesbian, transgender, conventional, female, protagonists

Abstract
This paper explains that the steel industry is a major determinant of economic health and is itself much affected by economic changes in both the macro- and micro-economy. The author points out that steel has a particular role in construction today; therefore, the degree of health in the construction industry, especially for commercial construction, affects the demand for steel. The paper relates that the domestic steel production attempts to meet the demand, to reduce imports of steel from other parts of the world while trying to increase its own ability to export steel.

From the Paper
"The steel industry is a major determinant of economic health and is itself much affected by economic changes in both the macro- and micro economy. Steel has a particular role in construction today, and the degree of health in the construction industry, especially for commercial construction, affects the demand for steel. Domestic steel production tries to meet the demand and often tries to reduce imports of steel from other parts of the world while trying to increase its own ability to export steel. Other countries also take a protectionist stance toward steel, with varying results. The demand for steel is only somewhat price elastic and is governed more by need, given that substitutes are few, especially for construction uses. Steel prices are affected by economic health, construction demand, automobile industry needs, market conditions, and general economic conditions. Steel is used in thousands of products as well as for big projects."

Tags:steel, industry, analysis

Abstract
This paper is a detailed marketing analysis of The Far Horizon Convention Center, a multi-faceted facility providing a location for large group meetings and local business functions. The Far Horizon is already a premier location that includes the Wind Watcher Restaurant and the Idle Hour Bar/Lounge. The paper shows that the addition of the convention center will add to its success and will be called the 26 West Multi-purpose Convention Center. Additionally, the paper states that after 26 West is completed, a 100-unit motel and convenience store will be the next step in The Far Horizon expansion. The plan also details growth projections and investor strategies.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Market Analysis Section
Relevant Market Background Data
The Industry Product Class
The Industry Competition
National Competition
Local Competition
The Macro-Environment Conditions Related to the Market
Assessment of Opportunities
Strengths of The Far Horizon
Weaknesses of The Far Horizon
Opportunities for The Far Horizon
Threats for The Far Horizon
Market Objectives Section
Desired Results from the Execution of the Marketing Plan
Strategies for Marketing
Action Programs and Budget Section
Control Procedures Section
Evaluation of Management and Organization
Administrative and Organizational Roles of Management
Goal Setting
Delegating Tasks
Monitoring Progress
Considerations for Adequate Performance of Administrative Role
Considerations for Adequate Performance of Organizational Role
Fostering Organizational Development
Structuring Organization

From the Paper
"Delegating Tasks -
The management of The Far Horizon will take great heed in delegating tasks in order to insure that critical tasks are completed in a timely manner, within budget, and at the quality level expected. Flexibility will be used in assigning tasks to ensure the employee delegated to the task has the skills to complete the job given.
"Monitoring Progress -
Management will create a review system for monitoring progress of the tasks at hand and to assess the progress that has been made. If progress is monitored accurately and closely, any problems or issues that are raised during review can easily be corrected once clearly identified."

Tags:convention center, growth operations, market analysis, budget objectives