Abstract This paper is a literature review on studies that have been done on standard safety measures in commercialaircraft. The paper also discusses new and revolutionary measures that have been researched and added on to pre-existing safety equipments, such as seatbelts, to ensure optimal safety measures.
From the Paper "Aircraft safety has become increasingly important during the last few decades. An increase in commercial flight accidents have for example also brought to light the need for better aircraft safety measures. For this reason, several studies have been conducted, with the result of new safety measures being implemented for commercial aircraft. Standard safety measures such as seatbelts and structure have been supplemented by revolutionary measures to ensure the safety of passengers and crew alike."
Tags:commercialaircraft, design, aircraft industry
Abstract This paper presents background information on the history of the aircraft industry and then takes a look at how the industry differs in various countries. The paper looks at the competition between countries in the aircraft industry and looks at why trade in the aircraft industry between countries is beneficial. The paper also examines different aircraft industry companies and the importance of a strong aeronautics industry from both a defense and economic perspective.
Table of Contents
Early History
Post World War II
Discussion Reasons for Advantages in Trade
Differences in Technology
Differences in Resource Endowments
Why is a Balance Trade So Important?
Building Weapons for the Aircraft War - Mergers and Governmental
Support
Other Non Domestic Competition
The Open Market/Future Competitors?
The Whole Story behind Large CommercialAircraft Issues
The Bilateral Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft Conclusion
From the Paper " When the United States was drawn into World War II, the U.S. had no choice but to help its European allies. Because of its physical isolation from the fighting itself, the U.S. found that it's greatest strength in winning the war was its ability to manufacture the weapons of war for itself and its allies in massive quantities. German occupied France and any war related manufacturing was co-opted by the Axis. England was under constant bombardment, which interfered with the import of raw materials for manufacturing as well as the process itself. Long before "D" Day, the U.S. began to ramp up its manufacturing abilities to supply weapons, aircraft and ships for the on-going war."
Tags: barriers, manufacturing, goods, tariffs, imported, producers, domestic, England, France
Abstract The paper identifies and analyzes the legal, ethical and socially responsible factors that impact Boeing Corporation. The paper also examines the three dominant factors of commercialaircraft demand, business jet demand and supply chain planning, forecasting, and manufacturing fulfillment that are central to Boeings' strategic and contingency planning. The paper focuses on the ethical violations that Boeing has been convicted of and the reactions to these violations by the Justice Department in their continual monitoring and auditing of the company.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Factor Analysis for Legal, Ethical and Social Responsibility
Factors influencing Boeings' Strategic and Contingency Planning Functions
From the Paper "Foremost for Boeing, the issue of sexual harassment prevention is critical for their legal, ethical and social responsibility. Atkins (2006) discusses the $650M fine that Boeing had to pay the Justice Department for the attempted cover -up of their CEO's affair with an associate. Boeing's CEO Harry Stonecipher had ironically just begun working on a comprehensive ethics management program for all Boeing employees and certification process where each Boeing employee would sign a code of conduct. By far, this lapse in ethical judgment by CEO Harry Stonecipher proved to be one of the greatest distractions inside Boeing as well, as literally hundreds of millions of dollars of productivity were lost as employees, buyers, suppliers and customers. Sexual harassment is the most important factor affecting the legal, ethical and social responsibility of the company today."
Abstract This paper examines how past mistakes actually worked in favor of Boeing and became its strengths. The paper describes the current standing of the company in the airline industry and their prospects for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
In the Beginning
The First Commercial Planes
Commercial Jetliners
A New Future
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "One of the giants in the commercial airline industry is Boeing Corporation. Since it's founding it has been an example of what hard work and constant reinventing of a product can do. Boeing Corporation has always kept in mind the needs of the public when designing their aircraft."
Abstract This paper examines the history of composite materials in the aircraft industry, their uses, the benefits and downsides of their us, and their future applications.
Abstract This paper discusses how weather conditions have often been a contributing factor in fatal aircraft crashes, especially in private and civil transport aviation. The paper explains that this is because some of these pilots have not acquired sufficient practical or IFR experience to overcome the challenges imposed by overcast weather conditions in elevated terrain, or by intense fog on a landing approach. The paper stresses that this is especially when flying at night, when darkness can exacerbate these challenges. The paper illustrates how tragically, some pilots tend to underestimate the difficulties low ceilings or adverse weather systems can impose, or they overestimate their piloting skills.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. To do so, a number of topics will be touched upon so that readers can gain a broad understanding of the importance of commercial art in contemporary culture, as well as some of the means by which commercial art is produced.
From the Paper "The importance of commercial art and the artists who create it cannot be overemphasized. Western, capitalist societies depend upon the skills that commercial artists possess. Quite simply, "commercial artists create a moving record of social moods and public perceptions ... because art, emotion, and business interests converge in advertising" ("Area of Study" par. 2). Put another way, capitalism is built on advertising. Without advertising, producers would not be able to convince consumers that they have an artificial need for a given product. Commercial art is the medium through which advertising operates and the proverbial glue that holds together the economic systems of Western nations. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. "
Abstract This paper contends that commercials are far less sexist and less racist now than they were 50 years ago or even a generation ago. The writer discusses that subtle sexism is as dangerous as the more explicit varieties, because it is harder to identify and therefore to fight against. In this article, the writer explores sexism in the world of the television commercial.
From the Paper "Most of us try to avoid thinking about commercials. We reach for our remote to mute them, wander out of the room during them, talk to our roommates, do some homework on our laptops. And because we try to ignore commercials much of the time, we believe that their influence on us is minimized. We are not really paying attention so we do not think that they are affecting us. But the average American is exposed to thousands of ads and commercials every year and even if we are ... '
Abstract The paper discusses surveys which study the effect of TV commercials on children. The paper relates that the food industry has increased its advertising to all ages, including children, which is having a negative impact on their health. The paper suggests that companies should be held responsible for their influence on children, or at least present a more rounded view of food and nutrition. The paper also states that children have been bombarded by food marketing, which has resulted in higher rates of obesity. The paper ,after referring to various situations, concludes that a relationship has been found between television commercials and eating.
From the Paper "A similar study was conducted in Europe, where children do not eat enough fruit and vegetables and where exposure to TV is negatively associated with the intake of these foods. This study by Klepp et. al. (2007) explored exposure to food commercials on TV in nine European countries with approximately 12, 750 children to determine the association between this exposure and attitudes toward eating fruits and vegetables. The authors state that the children report exposure more to more unhealthy foods than healthy ones such as fruits and vegetables. However, those who were exposed to fruit and vegetable TV ads were much more positively disposed toward eating these foods. These findings point to the important, and more positive, role that TV could play in supporting healthy eating messages."
Abstract Over the last decades we have seen airlines come and go, with the commercialaircraft industry whittled down to an industry dominated by two manufacturers: The Boeing CommercialAircraft Company and Airbus Industries. Several commercialaircraft companies have fallen by the wayside, with Douglas, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed to name a few. This paper examines some of the aspects of the development of the Boeing 777. It begins with with the environment, changes in Boeing's design process, technology, testing, expected demand, cost and, finally, why the Boeing 777 is considered the best in the industry.
From the Paper "One of Boeing's cornerstone goals for the 777, "Day One Service Readiness", was accomplished by conducting extensive testing and integration throughout the program. To do this, Boeing created an Integrated Aircraft Systems Laboratory to integrate and test all of the avionics systems. This testing was useful in moving development work forward to allow early Extended Twin-engine Operations (ETOPS) certification."
Abstract The paper discusses efforts to move the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) forward and place it on the same footing as human-piloted aircraft and notes the serious safety concerns involved in using them as commercial airliners. The paper shows how UAVs are an unproven technology that is only beginning to be successfully used in military applications. The paper contends that using this technology in civil airspace represents an unnecessary risk to other aircraft that cannot be justified.
From the Paper "Some may believe that UAVs are the next step in aviation, but it is far more likely based on the evidence to conclude that they are actually just a new hazard in already overcrowded skies (Use of pilotless planes, 2006). In the United States alone, airlines account for approximately 612 million commercial flights each year (Eng, n.d.). This is a significant number of aircraft clogging the skies each year, which is already difficult to manage. Mid-air collisions are not unheard of, despite pilot training and despite the latest technology. Into this fray imagine the insertion of UAVs using untested technology and an unreliable ability to detect and avoid other aircraft. The results of UAVs colliding with other aircraft or with structures on the ground cannot be ignored."
Abstract This paper provides a critical examination and analysis of the use of business aircraft for corporate travelers. The discussion focuses upon the financial impact owning and operating extremely expensive business aircraft have on a business entity's bottom line. The paper notes, however, that as important as the high costs of such a course are, isolated economic factors are not all that have to be considered by corporations when weighing the positive and negative aspects of corporate aircraft ownership. The great expense involved in owning a business aircraft must be measured against the alternatives, which frequently incur the loss of valuable CEO time, decreased corporate privacy while in flight, increased schedule complications, limited airport access, decreased safety, and the loss of prestige involved in flying commercial carriers such as Air Yak when competitors are globe-trotting in their own thirty-eight million dollar Gulfstream V's.
Abstract This paper explains that, if the corrosion on aircraft is undetected or untreated, corrosion problems can lead to structural failures and, hence, pose a great safety risk. The author points out that the most popular method of corrosion prevention is the use of chromate surface treatments of the aluminum structures; however, using hexavalent-chromium compounds for surface coating is an environmentally unsound practice because chromium is well-known as a highly toxic and carcinogenic agent. The paper relates that tackling corrosion at the designing and manufacturing phase is key to successful control of the corrosion menace; proper maintenance also occupies a significant role in remedying the damage and in prolonging the life of the aircraft.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Corrosion Problem
Corrosion Control (A Design and Manufacturing Issue)
Corrosion Control by Coating
Maintenance Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper "Cervical corrosion occurs when a corrosive fluid gets inside the joints or penetrates the coated surface. Both the forms of corrosion are dangerous and can result in cracking of the metal surface. The problem is more pronounced in aging aircrafts which are exposed to corrosive materials over a long period of time. The 1988 Aloha Airline B-737-200 incident was an eye opener to the dangers of corrosion. Due to undetected corrosion the whole fuselage of the plane got separated in mid air. This incident led to the formation of the "Aging Aircraft Task Force Steering Committee" which is currently known as the "Airworthiness Assurance Working Group"."
Abstract A major expense of operating any aircraft is maintenance expense. In commercial and business aviation, the costs go far beyond the immediate costs of direct labor and materials. This paper examines how the critical nature of maintenance planning and advanced software technology potentials have combined to create many types of software options for automated maintenance scheduling. It looks at how maintenance planning software can reduce maintenance costs and prevent loss of revenue and how operators are forging "off the shelf" programs into individualized solutions.
Outline
Abstract
Direct Effects of Poor Maintenance Planning
Indirect Effects of Poor Maintenance Planning
Software Solutions
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "The obvious consequences of poor maintenance planning are flight safety failures. One infamous incident involved the January 2000 crash of Alaska Airlines Flight 261 into the Pacific Ocean when a crucial flight control part failed. It was later determined by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) that the part, a jackscrew controlling the horizontal stabilizer, failed due to lack of lubrication. The NTSB ruled not only that failure was due to poor maintenance practices of Alaska Airlines but also blamed the Federal Administration Agency (FAA) for lack of oversight. (Wallace, 2006) Alaska Airlines improved their maintenance procedures and the FAA issued additional requirements for the jackscrew inspection intervals."
From the Paper "Computers have become part of our everyday lives, often in ways of which we are unaware. Aside from the obvious use of computers in business and industry, computers are used in our automobiles, in retail stores, as burglar alarm systems and even in our videotape machines. Few professions have not been affected by the introduction of computers; in some cases, computers have completely replaced human employees. Many companies have used computers to improve their efficiency and productivity. Because computers are able to process thousands of bits of information very quickly and with extreme accuracy, their use has been especially welcomed in areas where lives are at stake, such as in medicine. In the aviation industry, computers have long been used to improve navigation and to provide better information to pilots."
