Abstract The paper looks at the National Strategy for CombatingTerrorism (NSCT), a strategic plan to protect American infrastructure from terrorist attack. The paper discusses the main tenets of the NSCT and its strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes that the NSCT must be revised and improved to implement more efficient, logical means of fighting this war of religion and ideology.
Outline:
Introduction
Tenets of the National Strategy for CombatingTerrorism Strengths of the National Strategy for CombatingTerrorism Weaknesses of the National Strategy for CombatingTerrorism Revisions and Improvements
From the Paper "The NSCT lays out its efforts in a comprehensive manner to facilitate a clear understanding of the strategies that will be implemented to combat terror, and terrorism. The main objective, of course, is to defeat violent extremism, which poses a definite threat to our way of life as a free and open society; and create a global environment inhospitable to violent extremists and their supporters (NSCT 2006).
"The NSCT clearly indicates that its strategies are taking into consideration the fact that terrorists and terrorist organizations have adjusted their strategies in response to United States actions, therefore the NSCT is continually being refined."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the September 11th attacks on United States soil affected all levels of law enforcement including the private security sector. The paper asserts that, since 2001, many changes have been made but there is plenty of room for improvement, especially in the private sector of security. The writer notes that as all levels of law enforcement continue to receive training on how to combatterrorism, the security industry continues to lag behind on both the training side and the wage level side. The writer maintains that the security industry is often over-looked when it comes to the discussion of combatingterrorism. The writer concludes that if a security officer were to receive the proper training similar to what some police officers receive, it could increase the effectiveness in combatingterrorism.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Private Security on the Front Lines
Administrative Change in Private Security
Cost of Policy Implementation
Support Needed for Policy Recommendation
Conclusion
From the Paper "Unfortunately such recommendations would not come without a cost increase. Contract security officers usually receive a percentage of what the client pays the company for security services. So for example, if a client pays a security service $23 an hour per head (if the site had multiple officers working at once), a security officer most likely is to make around $9 - $10 an hour. The other issue that often arises in terms of training for contract security is what is known as billable and un-billable. There are only certain services that a client is willing to pay for which is known as billable. Anything additional is known as un-billable and comes directly out of the pocket of the security company. In terms of training, most security companies are reluctant at the expense because it erodes the bottom-line."
Abstract This paper discusses how the attacks on September 11th took the American population by surprise and how they thought they were immune from domestic terror. It demonstrates many of the primary causes of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the resulting effects of such a broad-spectrum attack on the American people. It shows that the perceived false sense of safety and security exhibited by the American people resulted in a complacent attitude within the American government, which affected the effectiveness of the law enforcement agency to prevent the 9/11 attacks. It examines how law enforcement officials overlooked warning signs that may have prevented the attack on the World Trade Center.
From the Paper "What were the causes of the 9/11 tragedies? The effects of the attacks are obvious; the American people find themselves? plunged into a war against a foe unseen. The U.S. government finds itself engaged in conflict unknown. No forewarning existed from our enemy, no warning from our multi-billion dollar defense systems, no prior intent of aggression. How are the American people to know of future impending attacks? What will prevent further terrorist activity and violence from our unforeseen enemy? One can only draw the conclusion that government complacency resulted in overlooking and dismissal of critical intelligence reports and information that might have prevented the World Trade Center attacks, and information that may prevent future attacks."
Abstract The writer of this paper details the large gap between what terrorists can do and how legitimate armies respond to terrorist actions. The writer contends and explains why the main goal of terrorist organizations are to destroy fighting units and lower the morale of citizens around the world. This paper examines the difference between terror and crime while citing the importance of labeling terrorism as warfare. This paper details the manner in which armies have had to alter their operations when dealing with terrorist organizations. The writer illustrates the emergence of terrorism which grew with the end of WWII. The writer delves into the issue of North Korea, which could be labeled as a terrorist nation, due to its nuclear capability. This paper also details the various offensive tactics available to the U.S army to combatterror, by way of technology and weapons. One useful vehicle in combatingterror is the UCAV, Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle. This vehicle is essentially a fighter and bomber drone, that costs less to manufacture than manned fighters. Another example of warfare equipment is the Land Warrior, which is a digital system for infantrymen that combines a portable computer, GPS location finding equipment, laser range finder and communications network access.
Table of Contents:
The Modern Terrorist War
The Best Offense is a Good Offense
Conclusion
Endnotes
Works Cited
From the Paper "While the Vietnam war was an example to the American people, if not also the military, of how not to conduct a war in the age of terrorism, the Gulf War "was a supreme example of the power of superior technology. It was indeed the first war where, as one scholar puts it, 'brilliant munitions arrived'." But it was not a complete exercise in total war. It still pitted large masses of men and heavy munitions against each other on open ground. It looked much like a World War II battle, except for the equipment. Shortly after it, one critic noted, "America's fighting forces are still organized and armed to fight hard, fierce battles from fixed bases against an enemy that no longer really exists." The current war in the same region is proving that insight to be more accurate than not. In 2001, immediately after the terrorist attacks on New York City, Hinkle wrote that the nature of foreign threats was changing."
Tags:terror, war, north, korea, history, vietnam, world, war, two, combat, military
Abstract The writer of this article discusses that the war on terror waged primarily by the United States against a variety of Islamic radical groups is arguably the dominant issue in the global community in the present day. The writer notes that while this war is conducted largely through the use of military forces there exists considerable debate whether this is the best means of combatingterrorism. The writer points out that Benjamin Netanyahu in 'Preparing for the War on Terrorism' can be seen to argue that military means are the best way of defeating terrorism, while Bill Christison in 'Why the War on Terror Won't Work' argues that the military option will not work.
From the Paper The "War on Terror" - waged primarily by the United States against a variety of Islamic radical groups - is arguably the dominant issue in the global community in the present day. While this war is conducted largely through the use of military forces, there exists considerable debate whether this is the best means of combating terrorism. Benjamin Netanyahu, in "Preparing for the War on Terrorism," can be seen to argue that military means are the best way of defeating terrorism, while Bill Christison, in "Why the 'War on Terror' Won't Work," argues that the military option will not work and that we instead need to examine the "root causes" of terrorism.
Abstract The paper discusses the issue of terrorism as being the most stringent aspect of international politics, since the events of 2001 proved that terrorism is by no means a conventional threat and a conventional war cannot be waged against it. The paper states that it is important that a comprehensive approach on the matter be taken into consideration. The paper further discusses that the United States has been promoting a complex counter terrorism policy which includes the combination of various aspects of foreign policy. The paper focuses on the fact that pursuing a military unconventional warfare strategy in a diplomatic environment will only work, if there is synergy within the United States Government.
From the Paper "One of the first aspects to be taken into account is the issue of the global nature of the terrorist threat. In this sense, the United States has been widely considered a worldwide approach on the matter. This method of dealing with terrorism is obvious in the 2006 National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. More precisely, the document drew the guidelines for the activities of the US Government in its attempt to address the issue of terrorism. In this sense, among other aspects, the policy considers that action must be taken in order to "advance effective democracies as the long-term antidote to the ideology of terrorism; prevent attacks by terrorist networks; deny terrorists the support and sanctuary of rogue states; deny terrorists control of any nation they would use as a base and launching pad for terror; and lay the foundations and build the institutions and structures we need to carry the fight forward against terror and help ensure our ultimate success" . All these measures are taken in relation to two distinctive paths of action which in order to be effective, must be interlinked and combined. These two directions are the military and the diplomatic one."
Abstract This paper discusses how money laundering policies have altered in recent years. According to this paper, it is the direct result of America's realization that it is no longer invulnerable to terrorist attack. This unsettling state of affairs has forced a re-assessment of how the United States can combatterrorism. One of the primary means, is to cut off the funding that permits terrorism to survive.
Abstract This paper discusses the federal law proposed by Senator Bruce Wayne for the purpose of combating domestic terrorism. It explains how the law proposed that 1) visiting federal buildings be subject to a search of their person and belongings; 2) police detain any individual arousing suspicion of potential terrorist activity in or near a federal building; and 3) sentences be doubled and made mandatory for individuals convicted of terrorist-related activity. The paper examines the social ramifications of the threat of domestic terrorism in the United States.
From the Paper "In the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing, both press and public hastily assumed that the crime had Mideast origins. "John Doe," however, turned out to hail from the heart of Middle America. One of the lessons learned, as the terrorist's true identity slowly revealed itself, was not to jump to conclusions in assessing terrorism. This is a lesson that should yield even greater pause, as lawmakers eagerly rush to find a solution to the problem of domestic terrorism."
A discussion of the development of automated bio-terrorism identification equipment to detect and provide warning of the presence of biological agents in the case of biological wafare.
Abstract The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .
From the Paper "Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."
This in-depth paper analyzes the changing role of law enforcement administrators and agencies around the world in the face increasing global terrorism.
Abstract This well-researched paper opens with a comprehensive and historic look into both the American and British law enforcement agencies. The writer of this paper traces the origins of the British Sheriff's office back to the Norman Conquest which took place in 1066. This paper delves into the significant increase of international terrorism while focusing on the effectiveness of various law enforcement agencies in America and around the world in combating this growing problem. This paper discusses the views and opinions of several historians regarding the increase and decrease of crime and terror from the medieval times and up to the present. The writer of this paper examines specific historic events and their resulting impact on global terrorism including the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War and the 9/11 terror attacks. This paper analyzes the manner in which the Bush Administration moved to establish additional intelligence and enforcement cooperation among the existing agencies in order to more effectively face terrorist threats such as al-Qaida. This paper contains detailed and in-depth historical facts and dates relevant to this particular topic. This paper also examines the manner in which recent advancements and progress in technology are assisting law enforcement agencies around the world to thwart off potential threats of terror.
From the Paper "Various historians have offered various different reasons for the unexpected decrease in the crime rate during the comparatively modern times, and there were some who assumed that perhaps it was industrialization and urbanization and modernization that contributed to this phenomenon. There were some other scholars and researchers who theorized that in actuality crime had not diminished, but had in fact shifted form bodily assaults that were popular in those times, to crimes that were more or less closely related to property, which also indicated that the nature of crime had shifted from an innate scarcity and paucity, to a greater prosperity as well as a free availability of material goods and possessions during modern times. There is also another form of opinion, which states that the decrease in crime seemed to have happened irrespective of industrialization and urbanization."
Abstract In this paper, the author presents a research proposal for exploring the causes behind the spate of global terrorism and specifically Islamic terrorism, that has swept many regions of the world during the past few years and continues to pose a potent threat to the civilized world. The author suggests that by researching and analyzing the possible causes of such terrorism, she will be able to uncover the appropriate response to tackle the problem, i.e., whether the hard-line approach such as the one adopted by the Israeli government or the present U.S. administration (through 'War on Terrorism') is the suitable way to combatterrorism.
From the Paper "Terrorism, during its long violent history, has been used as a means of intimidation and aggression. In its narrow definition only violent acts (or threats of violent acts) committed by nongovernmental groups or individuals are considered to be terrorism, but in the broader context governments have been known to commit terrorism as well . Terrorism may include political assassinations, violent political revolutions, hijackings, skyjackings, and bombings. When such acts are perpetrated within a country's borders, it is known as domestic terrorism, while global or international terrorism knows no such boundaries. The causes of terrorism are varied and have been committed in the past due to historical, cultural, political, social, psychological, economic, or religious reasons (or a combination of these reasons)."
Abstract This paper examines the definitional parameters of terrorism. The main concern of this paper is the overriding problems of definition involving terrorism. The paper also explores the Japanese group, Aum Shinrikyo, now called Aleph, in light of these definitional issues. These and other problems of defining terrorism, as well as combatingterrorism on the local and national levels, are explored and addressed in the paper. The paper takes an extra-national view by looking at the actions of Aum Shinrikyo, a Japanese religious cult, and tailoring the actions around definitional strategies.
From the Paper "From the alternate perspective of a practitioner of terrorism, these unlawful acts of murder and mayhem may be described as acts of freedom and resistance. In fact, as the class text mentions, the practitioner may not even think of him/herself as a terrorist, perhaps preferring the term ?freedom fighter.? This matter of perspective makes even approaching a definition of terrorism very difficult. The class text states that this argument should be discounted as only academic preparation. However, a definition of terrorism within a democratic society under the rule of law must inherently endeavor to protect its citizens from those within and outside of the nation or state who pose a threat to this order, and an understanding of their point of view may be important. Whether these persons or groups posing a threat call themselves freedom fighters or not, it is the duty of those who are authorized to use force by a democratic society to protect that society from the threat of widespread anarchy, and this, in many cases, begins with understanding."
Abstract Five articles show the concern of Americans concerning terrorism and technology. Computers can be used to fight against terrorism as it has already been used to cause terrorism on September 11th.
This paper discusses that the United Nations needs to take major initiatives to combatterrorism, including treaties prohibiting terrorist bombing and financial assistance to terrorists.
Abstract This paper explains that, despite past activities, a new United Nations-led global anti-terror regime is desperately needed to play a pivotal role in forging a new identity for the U.N. and to serve as a stronghold of global collective anti-terrorism. The author points out that some of the problems are related to the United Nations? bureaucracy, its dependency on donations from member countries, and the political nature of the U.N. The paper concludes that the United Nations is an important pillar of the modern world, whose continued existence has become far more critical than ever before; therefore, the role of United Nations is going to be more challenging and critical in enforcing the international justice systems, especially in the area of terrorism.
From the Paper "The Security Council has created a Counter-Terrorism Committee, which is charged with monitoring the implementation of the international justice. In this respect, United Nations expressed deep concern with terrorism, arguing that terrorists represented a serious threat to international peace and to individual. The resolution also called the Counter-Terrorism Committee to promote sophisticated approaches to addressing their efforts to eliminate the affliction of international terrorism."
