Abstract
This paper views certain extracts from eye witness accounts of the complexities of the march to and fall of Antioch and Jerusalem and its retainment as the Holy city as the birthplace of Christ and all Christendom in the First Crusade. With an aim of demonstrating the organizational change of the view of the people of the era and correct representation of the facts, two verbose quotations of authoritative figures who were present or involved in the Crusaders are included to aid enlightenment as to the situation from the eyes of observers.

From the Paper
"Pope Urban II dealt with the concept of negating the commandment that "thy shalt not kill" in relation to what will come of those who fell on the battlefield fighting against the hoards of Moslems to retain Jerusalem. In a statement to the realm of Gaul he said: You have modestly expressed a desire to know whether those who have recently died in war, fighting in defence of the church of God and for the preservation of the Christian religion and of the state, or those who may in 'he future fall in the same cause, may obtain indulgence for their sins. We confidently reply that those who, out of love to the Christian religion, shall die in battle fighting bravely against pagans or unbelievers, shall receive eternal life. For the Lord has said through his prophet: "In whatever hour a sinner shall be converted, I will remember his sins no longer." By the intercession of St. Peter, who has the power of binding and loosing in heaven and on the earth, we absolve, as far as is permissible, all such and commend them by our prayers to the Lord."

Tags:antioch, armenian, belief, culture, heathen, humanist, infidel, islam, jerusalem, jew

Abstract
This paper is a biography of John Adams and his time as president. It also discusses his wife Abigail. The paper explores Adam's personal combative style and his controversial political writings. The author expands on his reputation as a powerful politician.

From the Paper
"John Adams was born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. A Harvard-educated lawyer, he soon became identified with the patriot cause and became a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses. He was one of the leaders in the movement for independence from England. Adams also has the distinction of being the only founding father not to own slaves during his life. The World Almanac Book of Facts reports that during the Revolutionary War he served in France and ..."

Tags:John Adams, Federalist, president, Abigail, Jefferson, Continental Congress

Abstract
This paper argues that the phenomenon of "total war", the total mobilization of the human, economic, and material resources of belligerent nations for the total destruction of the enemy, was born on the Western Front in World War I with the convergence of science, technology, and ambitious war plans. Discusses the war plans of the Germans, British, and French, the industrial mobilization in the combative nations, and the different forms of warfare developed and implemented.

From the Paper
"No single event shaped the 20th century as The Great War. The blazing guns of August in 1914 created a new world order and a new standard by which modern wars were fought, phrased by German General Erich Ludendorff in 1935 as der totale kreig, or total war. This phenomenon was the unlimited warfare waged as a result of the total mobilization of the human, economic and material resources of belligerent nations. In many ways the totality of WWI was born as synthesis of the independent developments in technology and industry, military organization and planning, and the breakdown of diplomacy that had evolved over time and wars, aligning themselves by 1914 to produce a war of attrition that would leave its mark on the remainder of the new century."

Tags:attrition, great, ludendorff, plan, schlieffen, trench, warfare

Abstract
This paper examines how spyware and its often less harmful counterpart, adware, can be a serious threat to the security and performance of any computer and how spyware can cost personal computer users and businesses alike valuable time and money. It looks at how there are many avenues that can be explored to help combat this problem, including choosing the most spyware-combative operating systems and web-browsing programs.

From the Paper
"In fact, even moderate spyware infections will, in most cases, cause a decrease in system performance that may exceed 50 percent, as well as stability issues that will cause computers to crash often and make it difficult to connect to the internet. (Simon) "Spyware also consumes memory and system resources. Because it constantly phones home to deliver user information and then sends back more pop-ups, banner ads and the like, spyware uses up valuable corporate bandwidth. Adding insult to injury, many spyware programs store their unwanted advertisements on the user's own hard drive." (Martin) More serious spyware can be frighteningly invasive."

Tags:adware, infections, computer

Abstract
Although stylistically different, Ho and Plath have crafted two poems that speak about a woman's age and the "reflection" of their lives. This paper compares the way in which they address the issue of vanity in women and how this is overcome when one's focus in life changes.

From the Paper
"One of the most interesting differences about these poems stems from the authors themselves. One a Chinese man of royal lineage and the other a modern day Caucasian woman known for her book The Bell Jar, both writing about perfection, age and women.

"The poems both contain no direct dialogue but can be described as dramatic poems based on the content. It is as if the poet is speaking directly to his/her audience."

Tags:poem, poetry, women, vanity, chinese, perfection, age, drama, priority

Abstract
This paper argues that King Lear is driven by a desire to validate himself independently from his noble status and that his natural combativeness brings about his own downfall. The author asks why, in the first place, does King Lear give up the throne and answers that he is beginning to realize his office is a separate entity from himself and that he is having a sort of belated mid-life crisis. The paper relates that Lear changes because, throughout the play, he finds the validation for which he has been searching and can now accept the love that Cordelia offers freely, the same love that he attempts to extort from her at the beginning of the play.

From the Paper
"As early as the first scene, Lear can be seen struggling with his roles as king and father, and how his failings as one overlap with the other. As the play opens, Lear is secure, if not necessarily successful, in his position as king, but he has decided to abdicate the throne to his daughters and their husbands. He does so by staging a "love test", wherein he asks his daughters which one of them loves him most and awards them a portion of the kingdom in relation to their answers. Cordelia's refusal to flatter him causes him to explode, banishing her and his trusted advisor Kent, and setting the play in motion. This scene introduces many important ideas that will recur throughout the play, and is the most important for understanding Lear's character."

Tags:validate, combativeness, love, extort, validation

Abstract
The paper describes the symptoms that attendees at a convention suffered from and suggests that Bacillus anthracis was the particular biological agent of choice in this scenario. The paper outlines several ways to test that a biological attack had indeed occurred and asserts that the first response must be to quarantine the convention center and have a team comb through all possible areas and systems by which the agent could have been introduced. The paper then discusses the treatment of the victims and the need for autopsies. The paper contends that the combined efforts of prophylaxis, quarantine, and an immediate clinical response should minimize deaths and infections to a considerable degree.

From the Paper
"The first response must be to quarantine the convention center and have a team comb through all possible areas and systems by which the agent could have been introduced. Halting further spread of the infection and determining the precise agent is of paramount importance in forestalling a possible epidemic (Gerberding et al 2002). All patients already in area hospitals should be isolated as much as possible, and medical staff and other patients closely monitored for symptoms of the infection. This will prevent further spread of the disease while efforts are coordinated to determine the details of the attack and (hopefully) identify and apprehend the perpetrators."

Tags:prophylaxis, autopsies, quarantine, anthrax

Abstract
This paper describes how a selected learning theory impacts curriculum design. Included is a discussion of the learning theory "Humanistic:
A. Combs and D. Snygg" and how it impacts curriculum design and the use of this theory in 21st century schools.

From the Paper
"The theory of Combs and Snygg did not have the impact in general that other theorists did but their theory was noticed by a group of humanists. Snygg and Comb's understanding of motivation was stated as: "The basic need of everyone is to preserve and enhance the phenomenal self, and the characteristics of all parts of the field are governed by this need." The individual's view of self is that which is called the phenomenal self. This view is developed over the course of a lifetime and is based on cultural and personal experiential factors."

Tags:multiplication, abstract, perceptual, psychology

Abstract
There is no doubt that psychiatric patients are stereotyped as unstable and violent, but does this perspective square with the facts? This research paper extensively combs the data for some insight into this pervasive belief about mental illness, analyzing the sources of this stereotype and, most importantly, weighing its validity.

From the Paper
"Timing also seems to affect the correlation between illness and violence. According to Steadman, et al. (1998, as cited in Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004, 685), the increase in violence among recently-discharged patients disappears after about a year. While the root cause of the correlation may be illness, then, improper or overly brief care may be partially responsible for violence perpetrated by patients not yet prepared to reenter the daunting realm of society. Understandably, the mental health profession faces a number of constraints, from ensuring that inpatient space is available to those who need it most, to providing services that are financially practical. Still, the policy that began with deinstitutionalization in the 1960's to release patients as quickly as possible may have some unfortunate consequences."

Tags:schizophrenia, psychotic, depression

Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes the concept of ?Melting Pot? which is a term that supposedly defines America as a land of the free and home to all cultures, races, and ancestries. The author makes reference to two journal articles which claim that ?Americanness? is an idea that has always been linked with ?Whiteness? and that ?whiteness? can not exist, without something against which to define itself - ?blackness?.


From the paper:

?But in the 1960s and '70s, a more inclusive ideology was suggested -- ?a stew? or ?mixed salad? term was beginning to emerge as the American label. This term recognized that immigrants to America might maintain their distinct cultures, languages and traditions, their ethnicity or ancestry, while at the same time recognizing their ?Americanness.? (Chideya, 1999) While this term equally recognizes the presence of many different cultures, in my opinion, it doesn?t quite articulate the mixture and combing and cultures as it is in America.?

Tags:cultures, races, and ancestries assimilation ideology white black individual development