Abstract In this essay, the writer looks at the issue of women serving in military combat units. The writer discusses that a glance at American history shows that on the whole the idea of women serving overseas in combat zones was not a generally approved of notion. The writer points out, however, that women have served successfully in combat units in recent conflicts.
From the Paper "For most of American history, the idea of women serving overseas in combat zones had been rejected nearly unanimously by the American public and the American military. Men didn't think women should fight, and most women were in agreement, due to inherently conservative social and moral views on the role of women in society. Historically, the appropriateness and wisdom of women serving in combat has been an issue of considerable controversy for many years, but they have served with great distinction in recent conflicts, and support for unrestricted roles for women in combat units is increasing."
Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the level of consumer satisfaction among a cohort of Russian immigrants that receive in-home supportive services. The writer explains that In-Home Supportive Services is a publicly funded program in California that provides personal assistance services to low-income persons suffering from chronic and/or disabling conditions that would otherwise prevent them from remaining safely in their homes. The writer notes that due to political and economic hardships in the former Soviet Union, many immigrants left in order to find better opportunities in the United States. This has resulted in the Russian immigrant population experiencing more rapid growth than any other population in the San Francisco Bay area. The proposed study will assess the perception of the quality of care that Russian immigrants receive from In-Home Supportive Services.
Outline:
Study Aim Background and Design
Participant Population
Study Procedures
Research Risks
Confidentiality
Benefits
Compensation
Costs
Alternative
Consent/Assent Process and Documentation of Consent/Assent
Investigator Qualifications
Funding Sources
From the Paper "The recruiting process will begin approximately one month prior to conduct of the survey and interviews. Permission will be obtained from In-Home Supportive Services to obtain their assistance with the study. A letter will be mailed to potential participants in the IHSS database. The database allows the researcher to obtain the primary language of consumers prior to initial contact. The letter will announce the study and inform the consumers that they may be randomly selected to participate in a phone survey/interview. A letter of support from In-Home Supportive Services will be included that highlights the value and importance of the study, as well as their support of it. These letters will be in the primary language of the participant selected. "
Abstract This paper reviews the requirements of California Child Support Services program and develops a model Web site for the program. The paper then compares the San Diego County Child Support Services Web site to the model.
Tags: Child, Support, Services, eGovernment, Web, site
Abstract This paper compares the sophisticated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) with the simpler Decision Support Systems (DSS), including their similarities and differences. The paper also discusses the role that support systems play in the decision-making process of organizations.
From the Paper "In business and politics, information is often equated to power. Having the right information at the right time can help decision makers make better decisions than when they are faced with inaccurate or incomplete information. However, companies tend to produce large amounts of data, sales inventory levels and customer information that must be organized into information in order to be useful to decision makers. Computer technology has provided decision makers with summary information since the..."
Tags: enterprise resource planning, ERP, decision support systems, DSS
Abstract This paper discusses how although traditional training has encompassed human interaction and group project teams to complete goals, distributed support systems allow for individualized training of those with disabilities. It looks at how this approach allows for individual tasks to be learned more effectively and how the researchers contend that it will lead the person to eventually not need supportive training in the future.
Abstract This paper analyzes the support systems for college students with developmental disabilities. It notes that it is these support systems which allow students with special needs to become successful in their college experiences. The author expands on the elements which still need improvement, such as open discussions between professors.
From the Paper "As the number of students with developmental disabilities entering college has risen sharply in recent years, it becomes apparent that all of the issues surrounding these students in their earlier education must be equally addressed in the field of post-secondary education. However, it appears that this issue has not been as thoroughly discussed as to benefit students with disabilities. It is well known that support helps students with special needs to succeed, and college is a crucial period for such aid, as the course content is more demanding than in earlier years of schooling. While support systems still need to be analyzed in order to create more fluid and efficient programs, support is what allows students with developmental disabilities to be successful in a college environment. These issues are somewhat recent in the literature, for this higher prevalence of students with developmental disabilities in college is a ..."
Abstract This paper argues that government support for the arts can have a negative impact on artists, audiences and market sectors. It discusses the problem of the government considering artistic merit based on the artist's ideology. The author also mentions the role of the National Endowment for the Arts.
From the Paper "Should governments control public funding in order to shape the arts world addressing diverse audiences and determining not only what art events are offered but also who should attend. Opinion on this issue is divided ..."
Tags: Arts, Government support, National Endowment for the Arts
Abstract This paper explains that aviation was only eleven years old when war broke out in 1914, but the obvious military potential of aircraft inspired a tremendous acceleration in aviation technology during the next four years. The author points out that the concept of combat air support, specifically coordinating offensive tactical air power with ground force operations, remained virtually non-existent until 1939 when the Nazis introduced the world to an even more frightening new form of warfare, which they called 'blitzkrieg'. The paper relates that, by the Gulf War in 1991, the AH-64 Apache helicopter gunship with its computer controlled, multiple target tracking systems and night vision capabilities rounded out the modern close air support and ground attack capabilities of the American military.
Table of Contents
The Origins of Military Aviation
The Luftwaffe Introduces Tactical Combat Close Air Support The Evolution of Tactical Combat Air Support Modern Combat Air Support
From the Paper "The machine gun accounted for most of the casualties in World War I trenches, so in very short time, it was also adapted for use in aircraft, but it remained too difficult to employ effectively as a tactical weapon until the Germans introduced the interrupter gear that enabled accurate forward firing through the propeller. By war's end, military aircraft had evolved to the point that squadrons of fast, nimble combat aircraft fought bitter duals to the death high above the battlefield. The British pioneered the development of maritime aircraft, even successfully deploying HMS Ark Royal (subsequently renamed Pegasus), the world's first, albeit primitive, "aircraft carrier" in limited combat."
Abstract This paper explains that the legal standard applied by the courts in deciding whether the Army's combat exclusion violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution is the Intermediate Scrutiny Standard, which the Supreme Court used in "Craig v. Boren" as the test for deciding discrimination based on gender. The author believes that the Army should repeal its combat exclusion rule and allow qualified women, who have gone through extensive ground combat training and have passed the physical and mental tests, to join direct ground combat troops. The paper relates that, although there are many cases supporting women's equality in the Army, "Rostker v. Goldberg" supports the Army in exercising its rights under Congress, which may be seen as its only legal argument.
From the Paper "'Women In The Armed Forces", a study which was conducted to get a better understanding of the impact of employing women in the most demanding close combat roles, found that "differences between women and men in their capacity to develop muscle strength and aerobic fitness are such that only approximately one percent of women can equal the performance of the average man"[1]. The study also reported that in that finding, lifting and such tasks as carrying on average women would have to work fifty to eighty percent harder to achieve the same results, and that this puts them at greater risk [1]. In load marching, which are another fundamental task, and other simulated combat tasks, women were found to perform worse than men and the greater the load, the greater the discrepancy. The physiological aspect of the study concluded that, "about 0.1% of female applicants and 1% of trained female soldiers would reach the required standards to meet the demands of these roles"[1]."
Abstract This paper explains that, when women first entered the American military, they were not intended to play a role in combat but rather to be behind the scenes in non-combat oriented roles, such as purchasing. The author stresses that women in combat in the Iraq war has blurred gender lines and forever changed the face of the American military. The paper states that feminists and supporters of women's rights hail women in combat roles as a necessary step in gaining full equality for women. However, as the paper relates, the research indicates that women in combat in the United States military are still a contentious issue.
From the Paper "One situation that might allow women in combat is the formation of all-women units. In these units, many of the criticisms of women in combat could be alleviated. For example, a woman would probably be able to lift or carry another woman to safety, and they would not face harassment or sexual situations from male soldiers in an all-female unit. In addition, an all-female unit would tend to be more understanding about monthly menstruation and other female health issues, which would effectively negate many of the issues that opponents of women in combat often cite."
Tags: nurses ban equality mensuration, physical strength
Abstract The paper examines Jane Mayer's "The Black Sites", Jonathan Turley's "Rights on the Rack" and the Seton Hall "Report on Guantanamo Detainees" that shed light on the nature of those prisoners classed as 'enemy combatants', the role of 'black sites' in the torture and confinement of these prisoners, and lastly the issue of US torture of these detainees. The paper highlights the evidence that shows how under the cover of describing their prisoners as 'enemy combatants', the United States government has supported and encouraged its interrogators in the torturing and psychological abuse of non-combatant civilians of other nations.
From the Paper "So far, the Government has offered little evidence that the people being held have been involved in fighting against American soldiers: their own Summary of Evidence for each prisoner makes clear that the label was pre-determined "The United States Government has Previously determined that the detainee is an enemy combatant" (Seton Hall). The Study demonstrates that more than half of the people detained under the category were not involved in hostile acts against the US army, and suggest that, rather than being captured in battle as one would expect from the description of them as Enemy combatants, around two-thirds of the prisoners were derived from Pakistan or the Pakistani Authorities."
This paper debates whether or not the U.S. military should allow women into all combat units. Includes extensive background information and current statistics/studies.
Abstract This paper asks if women in the United States military should be allowed to fight in combat, because they are equally as capable as men. The paper argues that allowing women in combat would increase the military's soldier supply. It also examines the current Exclusion Laws which claim that it is financially beneficial to the military for women to be kept out of combat. Other arguments are that women are not physically equal to men; and integration of combat units would be distracting and dangerous. It explores what would be the social, political and economic effects if women were allow in combat units.
A. Background
B. Social Analysis
C. Economic Analysis
D. Public Policy Analysis
E. Policy Recommendation
F. Conclusion
From the Paper "Since its victory in the American Revolution, in 1783, the United States of America has continued to fight in wars both domestic and abroad. While women were not legally considered soldiers until recently, American women have always been present on the battlefield. While many served in non-combat roles, many fought right in the trenches, even if it meant disguising themselves as men."
Tags: policy, states, united, discrimination, exclusion, laws
This paper examines Norman Mailer's novel "The Naked and the Dead" in which the author incorporates the symbols, characters and narrative conventions of the WWII combat genre.
Abstract This paper details the introduction and perception of the WWII combat genre in both film and literature. The writer of this paper defines genre as an element consisting of a shared set of rules, symbols and story patterns. In Norman Mailer's novel, "The Naked and the Dead," the author engages the symbols, characters and narrative conventions of the combat genre in a complex dialogue, both enmeshing and reinforcing audience expectations. By tracing the minority character of Martinez in "The Naked and the Dead," one can see how Mailer incorporates the genre in a way that reflects both the unique capacities of the novel as a medium separate from that of film. This paper also expands on Mailer's particular view of film as an inadequate representation of the complexities of war and America. The writer of this paper contends that Mailer's novel must be read in the context of the combat film genre, which was well established in the memory of American audiences by 1948 as a frame of reference for understanding and justifying WWII. This paper clearly details the characteristics of Martinez which fits the conventional stereotype evolved from and established within the genre of the World War II combat film. The writer also discusses the significance of various WWII related films that were released in the 1940s including: "Bataan," "GI Joe" and "Home of the Brave."
From the Paper "The multiracial platoon acts as a symbol of democracy, functioning to distinguish Americans from a racist enemy, the Nazis. At the same time, the visual presence of minorities helps to legitimize 'good' racism (racism against the Japanese) by framing it with images of racial integration. Feigning inclusion of minorities is also a propaganda tactic aiming to harness collective support for the war. In Bataan there are four minorities: a Mexican-American, two Philipinos and a black man. The Philipinos are associated with nature; they are implicitly more primitive and closer to the enemy. The Mexican-American is associated with jazz music and a womanizing past, and the black man is associated with spirituality. All four characters die fairly early on in horrible barbaric deaths. In later movies, some or all of these characteristics may be lumped together into composite minority representatives."
Tags: literature, analysis, perception, film, industry, u.s., history, world, war, two
Abstract The paper looks at the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (NSCT), a strategic plan to protect American infrastructure from terrorist attack. The paper discusses the main tenets of the NSCT and its strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes that the NSCT must be revised and improved to implement more efficient, logical means of fighting this war of religion and ideology.
Outline:
Introduction
Tenets of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Strengths of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Weaknesses of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Revisions and Improvements
From the Paper "The NSCT lays out its efforts in a comprehensive manner to facilitate a clear understanding of the strategies that will be implemented to combat terror, and terrorism. The main objective, of course, is to defeat violent extremism, which poses a definite threat to our way of life as a free and open society; and create a global environment inhospitable to violent extremists and their supporters (NSCT 2006).
"The NSCT clearly indicates that its strategies are taking into consideration the fact that terrorists and terrorist organizations have adjusted their strategies in response to United States actions, therefore the NSCT is continually being refined."
Abstract This paper discusses the specific steps that must be taken when assigned to a military combat patrol. It goes through the steps in a concise, easy to read chronology. The concept of combat patrols of this magnitude and complication started in the jungle warfare of Vietnam. It was the only way to combat the guerrilla insurgents.
From the Paper "One of the great factors in a patrol, whether the type is reconnaissance, combat, or security, is the size of the patrol.5 When the patrol leader is determining what firepower must be present, he must also take into consideration the number of men to be included. If too many men are present in the patrol, this would not only be a waste of priceless manpower and resources, but it will make it harder for the whole patrol to hide from the enemy. In the chess game of ambushes and sudden strikes that was played out in the Vietnam War, the most important factor is not firepower, but maneuverability."
