Abstract
This paper presents an opinion that women should not be allowed in combat and supports that opinion with facts concerning women's lower body strength and the impact to the family and the population.

From the Paper
"The question of whether women should be allowed in military combat is one that must be answered based on the consequences of that choice rather than on some enduring principle of ethics or moral imperative. The potential and actual consequences of allowing women in military combat include adverse impact to the American family adverse impact to the population potential loss of lives and potential loss of battles and whole wars. The impact to the family is centered in the ..."

Tags:women, combat, female, ethical

Abstract
This paper explains that women are just as good as their male counter parts in a combat environment. The author points out that females are not a distraction to a unit or to other male soldiers. The paper also relates that women go through the same job schools and basic training as men. The author underscores that, even though women have been put into combat situations with success and honor, they have a long way to go in this male-dominated society.

From the Paper
"After all of the checks prayer and thinking, you and your crew are off to the next camp to deliver supplies to other soldiers in Iraq. Its now in the afternoon the temperature is now a blistering 120 degrees Fahrenheit, the average summer temperature in the country Also to make matters worse most military vehicles including the one you are in don't have air conditioning so all you feel is hot desert air. The convoy is going great, you and your security team are going down the usual dry, dusty, desert road full of bumps and rocks and sometimes trash."

Tags:humvee, combat support, physical demands, harassment infantry

Abstract
This paper explains that aviation was only eleven years old when war broke out in 1914, but the obvious military potential of aircraft inspired a tremendous acceleration in aviation technology during the next four years. The author points out that the concept of combat air support, specifically coordinating offensive tactical air power with ground force operations, remained virtually non-existent until 1939 when the Nazis introduced the world to an even more frightening new form of warfare, which they called 'blitzkrieg'. The paper relates that, by the Gulf War in 1991, the AH-64 Apache helicopter gunship with its computer controlled, multiple target tracking systems and night vision capabilities rounded out the modern close air support and ground attack capabilities of the American military.

Table of Contents
The Origins of Military Aviation
The Luftwaffe Introduces Tactical Combat Close Air Support
The Evolution of Tactical Combat Air Support
Modern Combat Air Support

From the Paper
"The machine gun accounted for most of the casualties in World War I trenches, so in very short time, it was also adapted for use in aircraft, but it remained too difficult to employ effectively as a tactical weapon until the Germans introduced the interrupter gear that enabled accurate forward firing through the propeller. By war's end, military aircraft had evolved to the point that squadrons of fast, nimble combat aircraft fought bitter duals to the death high above the battlefield. The British pioneered the development of maritime aircraft, even successfully deploying HMS Ark Royal (subsequently renamed Pegasus), the world's first, albeit primitive, "aircraft carrier" in limited combat."

Tags:blitzkrieg, gun, helicopter, pegasus, bombers

Abstract
This paper explains that the legal standard applied by the courts in deciding whether the Army's combat exclusion violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution is the Intermediate Scrutiny Standard, which the Supreme Court used in "Craig v. Boren" as the test for deciding discrimination based on gender. The author believes that the Army should repeal its combat exclusion rule and allow qualified women, who have gone through extensive ground combat training and have passed the physical and mental tests, to join direct ground combat troops. The paper relates that, although there are many cases supporting women's equality in the Army, "Rostker v. Goldberg" supports the Army in exercising its rights under Congress, which may be seen as its only legal argument.

From the Paper
"'Women In The Armed Forces", a study which was conducted to get a better understanding of the impact of employing women in the most demanding close combat roles, found that "differences between women and men in their capacity to develop muscle strength and aerobic fitness are such that only approximately one percent of women can equal the performance of the average man"[1]. The study also reported that in that finding, lifting and such tasks as carrying on average women would have to work fifty to eighty percent harder to achieve the same results, and that this puts them at greater risk [1]. In load marching, which are another fundamental task, and other simulated combat tasks, women were found to perform worse than men and the greater the load, the greater the discrepancy. The physiological aspect of the study concluded that, "about 0.1% of female applicants and 1% of trained female soldiers would reach the required standards to meet the demands of these roles"[1]."

Tags:courts, test, scrutiny, exclusion, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that, when women first entered the American military, they were not intended to play a role in combat but rather to be behind the scenes in non-combat oriented roles, such as purchasing. The author stresses that women in combat in the Iraq war has blurred gender lines and forever changed the face of the American military. The paper states that feminists and supporters of women's rights hail women in combat roles as a necessary step in gaining full equality for women. However, as the paper relates, the research indicates that women in combat in the United States military are still a contentious issue.

From the Paper
"One situation that might allow women in combat is the formation of all-women units. In these units, many of the criticisms of women in combat could be alleviated. For example, a woman would probably be able to lift or carry another woman to safety, and they would not face harassment or sexual situations from male soldiers in an all-female unit. In addition, an all-female unit would tend to be more understanding about monthly menstruation and other female health issues, which would effectively negate many of the issues that opponents of women in combat often cite."

Tags:nurses ban equality mensuration, physical strength

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the coalition partnership between Australia and the United States in regards to the requirements of combat supply communications and information systems requirements for future logisticians. This work first states that there is a technological and capability gap existing between the United States and its coalition forces. Secondly posited in this work is the fact that there are several areas of logistics that must be factored into that must be improved if coalition logistics are to be improved and made more effective and efficient. The writer maintains that of primary importance in regards to coalition forces information systems and technology standardization and integration is the modernization of intelligence processes, security, information operations and assurance and critical infrastructure protection. The writer concludes that Australia's government has been highly proactive in its focus upon becoming more enabled to provide coalition support and logistics to the United States.

Outline:
Aim of Study
Introduction
Limitations
Technological/Capability Gap
Improving Coalition Logistics
Modernization, Integration and Standardization
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is clear that information systems are the first and foremost support in coalition support and just as clear are the necessary considerations relating to infrastructure, transportation, communication, compatibility standards and material integration and standardization. Australia has been proactive in preparing its forces for this coalition support integration and has made great advances toward this end. Future strategies regarding the war theatre have been demonstrated in this study to be different in that the use of coalition forces will broaden the options available at the time of deployment of U.S. troops and will make it possible to deploy troops much quicker and packed much lighter for their journey than previously ever known to be possible due to the support of coalition forces. "

Tags:military, operations, forces, intelligence

Abstract
This essay details contrasts between U.S. government policies towards "unlawful enemy combatants" and the views of Alberto Mora, former general counsel of the U.S. Navy. According to the paper, Mora found the policies cruel and in direct violation of the Geneva conventions. The paper further notes that Mora felt that this conflict created a divide between individuals and the government. Three articles are analysed which support Mora's perspectives.

From the Paper
" I believe that the U.S. government allowed its officials to arrest any American suspected of terrorism. What does this mean for the American people? It means the same thing it did for Jose Padilla. You'll recall that Padilla was arrested in Chicago for terrorism and transferred to military custody, where according to Padilla, he was tortured and involuntarily injected with drugs. The government's position is that since the entire world is a battlefield in which the war on terrorism is being waged, U.S. officials now have the power to arrest any American suspected of terrorism, place him in custody, and subject him..."

Tags:unlawful, torture, policy

Abstract
The paper examines Jane Mayer's "The Black Sites", Jonathan Turley's "Rights on the Rack" and the Seton Hall "Report on Guantanamo Detainees" that shed light on the nature of those prisoners classed as 'enemy combatants', the role of 'black sites' in the torture and confinement of these prisoners, and lastly the issue of US torture of these detainees. The paper highlights the evidence that shows how under the cover of describing their prisoners as 'enemy combatants', the United States government has supported and encouraged its interrogators in the torturing and psychological abuse of non-combatant civilians of other nations.

From the Paper
"So far, the Government has offered little evidence that the people being held have been involved in fighting against American soldiers: their own Summary of Evidence for each prisoner makes clear that the label was pre-determined "The United States Government has Previously determined that the detainee is an enemy combatant" (Seton Hall). The Study demonstrates that more than half of the people detained under the category were not involved in hostile acts against the US army, and suggest that, rather than being captured in battle as one would expect from the description of them as Enemy combatants, around two-thirds of the prisoners were derived from Pakistan or the Pakistani Authorities."

Tags:black, sites, torture, confinement, abuse, prisoners, Guantanamo, detainees

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal based on the hypothesis that a decrease in employee morale is directly related to an increase in employee absenteeism. The Department of Child Support Services in San Bernardino County, currently experiencing an absenteeism rate of approximately 75% among all staff, is chosen as a fitting case for this study. The author gives a detailed description of the Department and its history, and then reviews the current literature on the subject of the relationship between employee morale and the rate of absenteeism to allow for a qualitative analysis of the framework study. Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory is used to support the author's hypothesis and to construct an empirical model which will serve as the framework guiding the quantitative study. The paper concludes with a detailed description of the proposed survey and the way in which the data collected will be analyzed. This paper contains figures and an appendix.

Outline:
Chapter One: Problem Statement
Introduction
Background
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Elements of Morale
Model of Absenteeism
Other Causes of Absenteeism
Trends in Absenteeism
Theories of Motivation
The Carrot and the Stick Approach
Need Hierarchy Theory
Valence x Expectancy Theory
Two-factor Theory
Summary
Chapter Three: Theoretical Foundation
Herzberg's Two-Factor, or Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Steers and Rhodes Model of Absenteeism
Summary
Chapter Four: Current Study
Operationalization
Methods
Research Design
Population
Sampling Plan
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Appendix A: Table of Collected Data
Survey Questions

From the Paper
"Absenteeism due to low morale or job dissatisfaction usually begins with a psychological withdrawal (Noe et al, 2006). This means that although the employee may be there physically, their mind is somewhere else. Psychological withdrawal can take many forms. An employee may display very low levels of job involvement. At this point the employee has disengaged and no longer considers their work important. There may also be a total disconnect from the company as a whole. The employee now has a low level of organizational commitment. When commitment is gone, absenteeism is on the rise. The employee no longer can identify with the organization and is unwilling to put forth much effort on its behalf."

Tags:fallout motivator variable workplace behavior, sick time, satisfaction gender childcare supervision

Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the health programs available and community actions taken to support cities and communities in their fight against the spread of AIDS and the HIV virus. The paper discusses the demographic information of cities with a high rate of HIV/AIDS, as well as other statistics referring to HIV/AIDS. This paper focuses on Miami, one of the major HIV/AIDS areas. The paper presents an overview of the benefits that the health programs provide in different states. The paper also explores the success of such programs in terms of combating the disease.

From the Paper
"Title I is a grant that supports financially incapable HIV/AIDS patients. Included in this grant are different healthcare support services such as medical and dental care. There are 50 cities that are in critical needs and are supported by this grant. One program in this type of grant is the Public Laws 101-381. This was passed by the Congress in 1990 and was extended until 2001 by former President Bill Clinton. Another program is the Ryan White Care that supports the needs of HIV/AIDS patients through a less-costly consultations and effective community-based prevention programs."

Tags:prevention, disease, medical