Abstract
In this paper the author centers on the column as an integral part of architecture through the ages. He commences with an explanation of the main parts of the column and each of the names associated with these parts.The paper then goes on to describe the uses and appearances of the column through the ages right up until modern day and its importance to architecture.

From the Paper
"There is no base to spruce up this basic design which leaves this column with a very straight forward but powerful presence in its design. During the early sixth century B.C., Doric columns were shorter compared to their height and diameter. Doric capitals showed an evolution from a broad flaring to a more compact form. Doric, like most Greek styles, emitted a strong horizontal presence in its architectural design."

Tags:classic, romanesque, gothic, greek, temples, beams

Abstract
This paper reviews an experiment, in which an aqua terra column was used as a vehicle to investigate the effect of Miracle-Gro commercial plant growth preparations on plant life. The purpose of this experiment is for the benefit of home and house-plant gardeners only.

Outline:
Introduction
The Aqua Terra Columns
Research on Plant Growth
Hypothesis
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"Questions such as the effect of commercial growth enhancers and chemical use in an agricultural setting are on a scale much grander than is practical in this laboratory, and impractical for non-botanical majors such as ourselves. Our concern, therefore, is merely the survival of "domestic science" and the smaller ecosystems in our own living rooms. Rather, we wondered if the plant product Miracle-Gro(r) did what it is advertised to do: increase the growth rate and health of domestic plants."

Tags:plants, biology, lab, project, scientific, method, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, agriculture, gardening

Abstract
The paper closely examines the "Column Figure of a Nimbed King" and describes how this statue represents an Old Testament king. The paper shows how the column figure is reflective of the emerging Gothic style and of the philosophical attitudes of that period of time.

From the Paper
"Art represents the era in which it was produced and often speaks to later time periods as well, and how we view the art of the past shows some of what we think about ourselves and about the meaning we attribute to both past and present. When we view a work like Column Figure of a Nimbed King, a sculpture from around the period 1150-1170, we measure the people of that time on the basis of what this one sculptor has produced, considering how the work reflects attitudes and aesthetics from the time as well as how it speaks to us and says something to us about our ancestors."

Tags:Saint-Denis, architecture, decorations

Abstract
The City of Manchester Stadium is a modern wonder, with an eclectic design, column-free structure, and innovative safety features. It was constructed in 2002 specifically for the Commonwealth Games and to be the permanent home of the Manchester Football Club. Since its inception, it has been successful in presenting concerts and other sporting events, and is one of the most cost effective buildings of its kind.

From the Paper
Student's Name Name of Instructor Name of Course March 14, 2008 The City of Manchester Stadium Introduction The City of Manchester Stadium is a modern wonder, with an eclectic design, column-free structure, and innovative safety features. It was constructed in 2002 specifically for the Commonwealth Games and to be the permanent home of the Manchester Football Club. Since its inception, it

Tags:building, manchester, england

Abstract
This paper discusses Nicholas D. Kristof's op-ed column "Pregnant (Again) and Poor," published in The New York Times on April 4, 2009. The paper examines the argument in the article concerning the actions that are necessary in order to reduce global poverty in developing countries. The paper specifically focuses on Kristof's example of a woman from Haiti called Nahomie.

From the Paper
"This writer's argument is important because in order to fight poverty, we need to see beyond to determine what smaller actions will be needed to complete the task of reducing global poverty. The use of family planning will be beneficial although also it might hurt the feelings of those who have a lot of children. A discussion about what we want versus what we are able to handle economically would be useful. It seems that often what is beneficial for individuals will be beneficial for the entire society as well. This op-ed piece shows the reader how important it is to go deeply into this issue; it shows us that sometimes what seems to be a logical solution is the not the best one. We need to go deep. We cannot just plan our own solutions; we also need to plan a solution that will benefit others."

Tags:women, family, pregnancy, Haiti

Abstract
This paper presents three case studies that were taken from the advice column in the Chicago Tribune with the aim of analyzing them using the framework of consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness of the person's reactions.

From the Paper
''The actor in this situation is behaving in such manner because the 19-year old who's in a relationship with her father breaks the equilibrium (as she has already mentioned that her father has never been in a relationship since her parents' divorced). This is the distinctive component of the problem. On the other hand, we can see that the advice of the observer lacks consistency on the part of the social actor. As a matter of fact, Phillips' advice contradicts the reader's behavior, i.e. by saying that instead of discouraging the relationship, she should give her father and his girl a chance. Lastly, the advice has not reached any sort of consensus because of the pertinent inconsistency between the advice and the reader's feelings. Understand that the behavior of the reader was not, in any way, reinforced by Phillips.''

Tags:behavior, observer, advice

Abstract
This paper discusses "Peter Arnett's Treason," an article by John Podhoretz, which discusses the potential danger that flawed reporting can have on the war effort as seen in Iraq.The paper reports that Podhoretz uses the Constitution to argue the case against Peter Arnett's actions, maintaining that it could be construed as treason and outlining the technical implications of this case with regards to the constitution and professional obligation. This author believes that Arnett is entitled to free speech within his constitutional right; in a profession where reporting the facts and adding analysis has far-reaching effects, Arnett erroneously offered personal opinion on the assumption that he was acting within his constitutional rights.

From the Paper
"Furthermore, though Podhoretz is aware that Arnett can never be tried for treason with the added clarity to the definition of treason in modern times, he nevertheless implies that the logical and extra-legal factors make Arnett quite guilty of treason. To back this up, he gives us the example of how Arnett's attitude resembles those of Leonard Downie, the editor of The Washington Post, who says that he simply doesn't vote - because to vote would be to challenge his own objective approach to the news. Podhoretz ends by saying Arnett "is a revealer of truths to the world. And he will do so where, when and how he chooses" and he "made a choice that was, quite literally, criminal." [Podhoretz 2003]. It is clear from these statements that Arnett is a true reporter, far from being bias he has been objective throughout his career. If, according to Podhoretz, Arnett being objective is criminal; then, YES, he has committed a crime with those statements. Arnett's adherence to reporting discipline and integrity to both his country and profession cannot be doubted as anything but remarkable."

Tags:opinion, fact, professional, obligation, free-speech

Abstract
This paper traces the history of African-American Islam, especially the the Nation of Islam (NOI). The author describes the ways that Black Muslims have develop a well-formed presence as a "fifth column" within U.S. institutions over the past four decades. The paper stresses that the merging of the preachings of NOI with mainstream Islamic thought should be another alert on the Global War on Terror (GWOT) front. The author concludes that a blatant danger could be posed from inside the military and government institutions and this must be understood and addressed.

Table of Contents:
The Short History of African-American Islam
Is the Enemy Within?
The Politically Correct Jihad

From the Paper
"Several recruiting methods have served both the NOI and other Islamic groups over the years. It has been well-documented that prisons are fertile grounds for organized efforts to recruit converts to Islam, and the clerics backed by Saudi-funded, Muslim-American organizations have been the instrument for indoctrination. Even Senate hearings were conducted in 2003 to address recruitment and infiltration of Islamist in the US penal system and the military."

Tags:rhetoric, nation of islam, fifth column, mainstream jihad

Abstract
The paper relates that throughout history, many works of art have been created as a way of honoring great heroics, victories, and triumphs over formidable foes and enemies, and this theme runs through countless works of art including the Temple of Artemis, the Column of Trajan, and the Dome of the Rock. As a matter of exploring the theme of triumph and victory, the paper examines these three famous works. The paper presents each of these three architectural/artistic wonders in terms of specific contextual questions as well as visual impressions and accomplishments. The paper also draws comparisons between the three works.

From the Paper
"Throughout history, many works of art have been created as a way of honoring great heroics, victories, and triumphs over formidable foes and enemies. This theme, in fact, runs through countless works of art including the Temple of Artemis, the Column of Trajan, and the Dome of the Rock. As a matter of exploring the theme of triumph and victory, the following discussion examines these three famous works. In developing thematic discussion, each of these three architectural/artistic wonders is..."

Tags:temple artemis, dome of rock, column trajan

Abstract
This paper examines the condition, which is a congenital defect that is present at the birth of a child. It explains that it is caused by problems with early development of the spine, the main defect being the failure of the closure of the vertebral column, that is, the bony column that surrounds the spinal cord. It also shows that, without this closure, the spinal cord is not afforded the usual protection of the vertebrae and is left open to either mechanical injury or invasion by infection.

From the Paper
"However, spina bifida may be treated with utero surgery. While this is a risky yet promising procedure, it appears to improve short-term outcomes (Worcester, 2003). Dr. Joseph Bruner, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Vanderbilt, states that, ?To date, more than 250 surgeries to repair the lesions associated with spina bifida have been performed at centers such as Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, the University of California, San Francisco, and Vanderbilt University.? In utero repair has several advantages over postnatal surgery. They include potentially fewer urinary infections, less gastrointestinal reflux, improved fetal leg function and cognitive development, and less need for shunt placement with careful patient selection."

Tags:utero, surgery, vertebral, spine, cord