Abstract
The paper illustrates how Hawthorne symbolically uses the colors of red, white and black throughout the story to reflect the changing moods and inner turmoil of the characters. The paper discusses how red, the color of passion and shame, is used to remind Hester of her sin, black symbolizes evil, trickery and darkness, and white represents goodness, light and change. The paper also notes the significance of the colors of green and gold in this book.

From the Paper
"The first color symbolism is the color of red, which is the most noticeable and the most powerful color throughout the story. Red is the most noticeable since the letter "A" on Hester's chest is that color. This is an everyday reminder of what she had done, and for punishment she was forced to wear the red "A" on her chest. She will never be able to take off this letter as long as she lives as well as never forget the horrendous sin that she had committed. Likewise, "we [the readers] are never allowed to forget it," as it on average is mentioned more than once every two pages of the novel (Schubert, qtd. in Marcus, 451). The letter is significant on its own, but the scarlet color is also very important to the symbolism of the letter and its effect on the story."

Tags:red, black, white, green, gold, adultery, sin, shame, evil, purity

Abstract
The paper discusses the marketing and target market of United Colors of Benetton and its product position.

From the Paper
"United Colors of Benetton targeted a fashion-forward youthful market for its brightly colored products over its ... year history. (Kaiser) In Luciano, Benetton and his sister Giullana launched a line of colorful wool sweaters bearing the label Tres Joli which evolved into the Benetton brand in ... when they opened their first factory and established what would become a social and fashion phenomenon. The company targeted its market very carefully from the beginning. Mark Barela noted that the company deliberately set out to create..."

Tags:Benetton, marketing, consumers

Abstract
This paper discusses the advertising campaigns of United Colors of Benetton. In particular, it evaluates the controversy that the company created in order to attract public attention, and recommendations for Benetton to improve their image. It includes examples of the company's advertisements.

From the Paper
"Luciano Benetton embarked on a new venture of selling colorful sweaters to the public shortly after the death of his father at the end of WWII, primarily to support his family. He developed an alternative line of vibrant clothing which contrasted the uninspiring pool of colors presented in the apparel of the day, and became a regional success that ultimately spread throughout Europe. The Benetton family eventually expanded the organization to 120 countries, and today distributes 115 million items per year. Much of the success is due to its advertising campaigns, which turned more and more controversial through the 80's and 90's, sending a shock wave through the fashion industry. As the company evolved into a voice for militants and activists, Benetton went beyond the threshold of reason (for a clothing company) in a campaign which inspired some and shocked others by using political and social subject matter to heighten visibility and sell products. Benetton endeavors to stand out among the deluged clothing market by calling attention to itself through these ads, and has been accused of using explicitly distinct and unethical ad crusades as strategies for a competitive advantage (Barela, 2003)."

Tags:advertising, benetton, ethics, laws, regulations

Abstract
This paper discusses the 1988 film, "Colors," directed by Dennis Hopper and starring Sean Penn and Robert Duvall. It describes the film's portrayal of the relationship between the police and gangs, as well as the relationship between the police and young men in "the neighborhood." It also briefly discusses gender differences in the way people handle disputes.

From the Paper
"Moreover, Bell & Forde (1999) report on a research study that shows gender differences in the way people handle disputes. Aggression is strongest in male-male confrontations. For this reason, it would make sense to put more women on police forces. Women know how to bring calm to stressful situations. They tend automatically to use communication to solve problems to begin with rather than escalating bad situations with physical force. Physical force is not all there is to being "tough." The world needs more moral courage and less physical. Police officers who are level-headed and know how to relate to people are going to be more effective than hot-heads who are continually feeding their own egos. Training in effective communication skills could help police officers in getting information to combat crime. And intensive training in decision making while under pressure would also be very useful."

Tags:police, crime, communication

Abstract
This paper discusses white as a color and more specifically, white light. The paper describes the qualities of the color white and the multifaceted nature of existence and the way that it relates to significant chemical alterations in nature. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of white light to the scientific understanding of reflective light and the dimensions of other colors.

From the Paper
"Dimensions of the Color White Outline I Introduction. White as a color is not often considered to have many dimensions or properties that are significant to either science or society. While white may carry with it the concept of "purity", the color itself is multifaceted and related to significant chemical alterations in nature. White light has been especially important to scientific understanding of reflective light and the dimensions of other colors. Scientifically white must possess certain chemical compounds in order to exist, and in the field of psychology, white speaks to individuals through subconscious messages about the world they live in."

Tags:white, color, dimension

Abstract
This paper provides an explanation of the genetics involved in breeding a certain color horse. Colors covered include black, chestnut, Mealy/Pangare, the dilutes, mixed patterns and the white patterns. The paper includes many photographs.

From the Paper
"The Classic Roan gene affects all the bases, modifiers and dilutes but can be masked by other white pattern genes. Roan is a color pattern caused by white hairs mixing with colored hairs. There are no "Roan" hairs on a Roan horse. The resulting physical colors are usually blue or rose (black base and chestnut base) but less common colors are pale gold and almost white. The Roan gene however will usually not affect the points."

Tags:appaloosa, bay, black, breeding, champagne, chestnut, classic, coloring, cream, dilute, dun, equine, flaxen, frame, genetics, grey, mealy, mixed, pangare, patterns, rabicano, roan, sabino, silver, smutty, sooty, splashed, tobiano, white

Abstract
This paper advances the argument that the colors we consciously experience are not the same as whatever colors may exist in the external world/ This means that even if color is a real physical property of things in the world, the colors objects "actually" have are not the same as the colors we experience them as having. This is not to say that things we see as being red may actually be blue, but rather that red, blue, and all of the other colors that comprise human color experience do not exist outside of that experience, regardless of whether there is an objective property of color in the world. This paper uses considerations put forward by George Berkeley and John Locke as well as current philosophers, neuroscientists and physicists. It approaches the topic from both a scientific standpoint as well as a philosophical one, though more emphasis is put on the latter.

From the Paper
"Berkeley simply extends this argument to additionally cover Locke's primary qualities, which he argues are likewise only known to us through our senses and perceptions. If colors, smells, tastes, etc., do not exist objectively in the world because they are not independent of the senses, then, by Berkeley's reasoning, nothing can exist independently of perception because our knowledge of everything in the world " including the primary qualities, which are the basic entities of all objects " also stems entirely from our senses. Berkeley's argument is largely based on the false reasoning that physical things in the world could not possible cause ideas in us , so his conclusion is easy to shrug off. But there is something very intriguing in the points he makes leading up to that misstep: We are indeed limited in our knowledge of the world by our inability to observe external things independent of our senses."

Tags:byrne, dretske, externalism, hardin, metamerism

Abstract
This paper contends that the primary discussion of communication in any management theory involves power. One of the most theoretical tools to determine this is semiotics. The study of signs, signifiers, and the signified, semiotics intertwines with color theory to produce two colors that symbolize power more than any others, red and yellow. The paper explains that, by establishing that colors can be viewed as signs, signifieds, and signifiers, humanity has been opened up to the interpretation of colors. By examining the tendencies, histories, and general uses and interpretations of all of the colors of the spectrum, this paper determines that red and yellow are by far the most powerful colors of the spectrum.

From the Paper
"In semiotics, textual analysis reaches its peak. Authorial intent in all communication is distinguished from the communication itself, and the communication is asked to stand alone. For instance, as Chandler writes, a text can exist in any medium, whether verbal or non-verbal, and once it has been recorded, it is devoid of any intent infused in it by the "author." For our purposes, the colorer applies color to her painting, presentation, graphics module or sculpture, and she may have intended that color to symbolize either power or lack thereof, or specifically a certain type of power, but her designs over her designs simply matter not. Instead, our own interpretations of her work, our own decisions and inferences regarding her choices of colors are the true indicators of power or a particular type of power in the work."

Tags:powerful, hues, red, yellow

Abstract
This paper explains that the colors in a painting and their intensity help the viewer see and interpret beyond the painting's literal form. When the use of color is wrong, the result can be very off-putting. Next, the author reviews the use and meaning of the individual colors: red, yellow, the most popular blue, orange, green, purple, gray, black and the most used white. The paper examines five paintings as examples of the denotation of color.


Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body and Color in Painting
Color Denotations
Examples of Color Denotations in Paintings
America Windows, 1977 French (b. Belarus), Marc Chagall (1887-1985)
The Assumption of the Virgin, 1577 Spanish, (b. Greece), El Greco (b. Domenico Theotokopoulos, 1541-1614)
Fishing Boats with Hucksters Bargaining for Fish, 1837 English, Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851)
At the Moulin Rouge, 1893/95 French, Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)
The Old Guitarist, 1903/04 Spanish, Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Purple is formed when we mix the primary colors blue and purple and hence when purple is used in paintings it carries the traits of both the colors red and blue. Purple carries in it the serenity and vastness that blue embodies and also incorporates the inspiration and the eye-catching trait of the color red. However, this particular combination of denotations can be ultimately confusing within the realms of the painting unless the undertone of the purple has been clearly identified and represented."

Tags:depth, emotion, detonations, chagall, texture

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the importance of color is undeniable. The writer points out that it is an essential part of daily life and it is prevalent in everything individuals perceive. Even at night, many people dream in color. The writer discusses that many studies have recognized that colors have also a strong impact on emotions and feelings. Further, the writer points out that numerous studies conducted by those in the field of psychiatry have concluded specific facts about human color likes and dislikes. The writer concludes that clearly there is a close link between colors and emotions.

Outline:
Hypothesis
Method
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"The study of color and emotion originated very early. Jaensch determined the distinction of red yellow versus blue green. He concluded that all people can be grouped in a way that was the same as the red-green color blind subjects, that is, either into the more sensitive zone at the warm end of the spectrum or at the other end of the zone in the more sensitive cold end. The subjects at the warm color dominance end are characterized by an intimate relationship to the world of visual perception. They are receptive and open to outside influences. They appear to immerse themselves quite freely in their social environment. Emotionally, they are characterized by feelings of warmth, suggestibility, and strong concerns. In the subject-object relationship, the emphasis is on the object rather than the subject."

Tags:emotional, response, positive, reactions