Abstract This paper discusses the issue of color deficiency in the eye. It addresses the causes of color blindness, the types of color blindness and how the deficiency is detected by doctors. It further discusses tests for color deficiency as well as research that has been ongoing in the area of color deficiency. The paper then looks at the future of research that will address this issue.
From the Paper "Until recent years those who have suffered from color deficiencies of the eye had to find creative methods of living with the disorder. Little research was developed to aid those with this complication to life, and very few in society truly had an understanding of what was involved in the physical malfunction of the eye. Yet, scientists and doctors are now examining many methods of understanding color deficiency, and are beginning to be able to provide long needed answers to those who have contended with the problem throughout their lives. Color deficiency, or color blindness, is a "malfunction of the retina" of the eye (Heath, n.d.). Light that is transmitted to the retina can be affected by two elements. These two elements are rods and cones. Rods are less complicated, and affect the brightness of an object."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the color violet, a dye derived from the primary color found in the plant of the same name. According to the paper, violet flower, that exists in over 500 varieties, may grow on bushes or be found growing low to the ground. In some cases violet flowers will grow on a stem without leaves, as the leaves grow on separate stems beside the flowered stem. The paper further discusses how most people consider the violet to consistently be of the same color, whereas in reality, many violet plants produce multiple colored flowers dependant upon the time of the year in which they bloom ("Violet").
Abstract This paper discusses white as a color and more specifically, white light. The paper describes the qualities of the color white and the multifaceted nature of existence and the way that it relates to significant chemical alterations in nature. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of white light to the scientific understanding of reflective light and the dimensions of other colors.
From the Paper "Dimensions of the Color White Outline I Introduction. White as a color is not often considered to have many dimensions or properties that are significant to either science or society. While white may carry with it the concept of "purity", the color itself is multifaceted and related to significant chemical alterations in nature. White light has been especially important to scientific understanding of reflective light and the dimensions of other colors. Scientifically white must possess certain chemical compounds in order to exist, and in the field of psychology, white speaks to individuals through subconscious messages about the world they live in."
Abstract This paper provides an explanation of the genetics involved in breeding a certain color horse. Colors covered include black, chestnut, Mealy/Pangare, the dilutes, mixed patterns and the white patterns. The paper includes many photographs.
From the Paper "The Classic Roan gene affects all the bases, modifiers and dilutes but can be masked by other white pattern genes. Roan is a color pattern caused by white hairs mixing with colored hairs. There are no "Roan" hairs on a Roan horse. The resulting physical colors are usually blue or rose (black base and chestnut base) but less common colors are pale gold and almost white. The Roan gene however will usually not affect the points."
Abstract The paper discusses the common ideas among Color Field and Hard Edge painters including the rejection of illusion in painting, utilization of reduced forms and concern with contemporaries working too closely with European movements. The paper describes the methods and styles of painters such as Newman, Rothko, Frankenthaler, Olitski, Gottlieb, Louis and Noland and shows how although they were diverse in method and concept, they all shared similar ideas. The paper includes color images.
From the Paper "Within the New York School during the 1940s and 1950s, artists were developing individual styles which culminated to forge the first completely unique American movements.
"Attempts to categorize these artists inherently results in a paradoxical situation because of their strong individuality and differing ideas about art. Yet among the contradicting viewpoints, these American born artists are grouped together in the movements of Color Field and Hard Edge painting. Shared ideas among these artists include rejection of illusion in painting, utilization of reduced forms, and concern with contemporaries working too closely with European movements."
Tags: modernism, expressionism, avant, garde, Abstract, Expressionists, color, form
Abstract This paper discusses the various uses of symbolism and analogies in McBrides novel. It was written as a tribute to the author's mother who was White and Jewish, but who could never confess this. The author's father was a black minister. The paper looks at the use of color to represent identity, race and belonging. Other symbols are mentioned and analyzed.
From the Paper "There are many symbols McBride uses in "The Color of Water" to indicate his mother, his life, and the life around him in Brooklyn and Queens. One of the first symbols in the book is the "ancient bicycle" his mother rides after his stepfather dies. His mother never learned to drive, and the bicycle, and her constant riding of it up and down the streets symbolizes her distance from her neighbors and their culture. His mother is a white woman in a black world, who will not admit she is white. McBride always thought his mother was odd, and this symbol of the bicycle helps prove it."
Abstract This paper discusses the movie "The Color Purple." It studies conflicts in the movie, focusing on the value-system of the principle culture being examined. The paper also discusses the values of other subcultures presented in the film. The paper concludes with an evaluation of society and culture at the time depictd in the flim.
From the Paper "In 'The Color Purple', the main character Celie has to contend with many social issues, including mysogyny, racism, poverty and her lesbianism. Growing up as a black woman in the South, she suffers first when she is raped by the man she believes is her father..."
Tags: conflicts, culture, subcultures, Color purple, movie
Abstract This paper offers an analysis of Diane Ackerman's essay "Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall." The paper explains how Ackerman achieves a balance between scientific mechanism and poetic observation.
From the Paper "In her essay "Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall" Diane Ackerman maintains an interesting balance between purely scientific writing and more poetic spiritual observations of the natural world. It is truly a fascinating dynamic at work, as Ackerman is able to effectively explain the scientific mechanism behind the changing of the leaves while at the same time offer a thoughtful perspective on how this change mimics human nature and the lives of humans themselves."
Tags: fall, leaves, color, ackerman, scientific, life, metaphor, poetic, language
Abstract In this article, the writer considers whether author James McBride adopts an essentialist position in his memoir 'The Color of Water'. The writer discusses identity crisis as portrayed in the book. Traits attributed to groups are also examined in this paper. Further, the writer studies labeling and discusses the author's shifting views in the book.
From the Paper "Writer-musician James McBride's life was a search for the means of reconciling his multicultural multiracial heritage. Trying to understand where he fits in causes him to undergo an identity crisis that is not resolved until ....... His memoir 'The Color Of Water' centers on McBride's search and its resolution. Central to the theme is how human beings are categorized in society based on their racial ethnic and religious beliefs and origins. The book is structured in alternate chapters describing the life of the author's .... "
Abstract This paper discusses that the film adaptation of 'The Color Purple' necessarily changes the content of the novel in order to create an epic Hollywood spectacle. The writer points out that it retains the essence of the story that stirred many black women. The writer notes that it is still the story of a beaten down black woman who with the love of her black sisters triumphs over adversity to become an independent woman and entrepreneur.
This paper is a literature review studying the effect of color, primarily in print media, on the way people feel when they see an advertisement or some other kind of information in the media.
Abstract This paper explains that there is evidence that color, especially the viewer's favorite colors, plays an important role in graphic design, especially print media and advertising. The author points out that color has symbolic meaning, which differ culturally: in western societies, white is seen as the traditional color for weddings but, in the Chinese culture, white is used for funerals; and, in America, red is often associated with rage or anger but in China red is used for happiness. The paper relates (1) the importance of graphic designers to study the role of color, how it makes people feel and why this is so significant and (2) the need for more research to understand this phenomena.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale for the Study
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Summary
Review of Related Literature
Literature on Color in Print Media
History of the Psychology of Color What Is Your Favorite Color?
The Perception of Color Color in Graphic Design
Case Study: British Telecom
Case Study: British Gas
Case Study: MacDonald's
Summary of the Literature Review
Methodology
Research Design and Rationale
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Summary
Analysis of the Data
Summary, Recommendations, and Conclusion
Summary
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper "The favorite color that an individual has is considered to say a great deal about them. It is important here to look at the most popular colors briefly and what they say about individuals. Black is considered to be a color of power and authority. It is also very popular and fashionable because many people that wear black look thinner. Black is considered to be timeless and very stylish, but it also implies submissionFor example, priests wear black to signify that they are submissive to God There are those in fashion that indicate women who were black imply that they are submissive to men but many black outfits are also utilized for aloofness or evil, such as those traditionally worn by villains in many television shows and movies."
Abstract This paper advances the argument that the colors we consciously experience are not the same as whatever colors may exist in the external world/ This means that even if color is a real physical property of things in the world, the colors objects "actually" have are not the same as the colors we experience them as having. This is not to say that things we see as being red may actually be blue, but rather that red, blue, and all of the other colors that comprise human color experience do not exist outside of that experience, regardless of whether there is an objective property of color in the world. This paper uses considerations put forward by George Berkeley and John Locke as well as current philosophers, neuroscientists and physicists. It approaches the topic from both a scientific standpoint as well as a philosophical one, though more emphasis is put on the latter.
From the Paper "Berkeley simply extends this argument to additionally cover Locke's primary qualities, which he argues are likewise only known to us through our senses and perceptions. If colors, smells, tastes, etc., do not exist objectively in the world because they are not independent of the senses, then, by Berkeley's reasoning, nothing can exist independently of perception because our knowledge of everything in the world ? including the primary qualities, which are the basic entities of all objects ? also stems entirely from our senses. Berkeley's argument is largely based on the false reasoning that physical things in the world could not possible cause ideas in us , so his conclusion is easy to shrug off. But there is something very intriguing in the points he makes leading up to that misstep: We are indeed limited in our knowledge of the world by our inability to observe external things independent of our senses."
Abstract The writer of this paper clearly details the significance of the colors used in F. Scott Fitzgerald's American classic "The Great Gatsby." The writer contends that Fitzgerald is a master of the motif and his recurring themes and symbols, which include the use of light and automobiles, in addition to colors, are a large part of what make this particular novel so captivating. Each color in the novel symbolizes a different theme. The colors do not only have meaning individually, but the relationship between all of the colors and the things they represent are intricate and visually stunning. This paper examines the author's use of colors throughout this novel, which include blue, gray, lavender, yellow, white and green. The blue motif represents dreams, imagination, and in some ways, the supernatural. For example, Eckleburg's blue eyes, which appear in the novel many times can be interpreted as representing the omnipresence of God himself. The writer also delves into the author's focus on the use automobiles and light, in addition to the colors. Fitzgerald centers on the use of light in his novel also as a motif. The green light, in specific, holds great importance in the story, which is clearly explained in this paper.
From the Paper "The Valley of Ashes is an example of gray being the color that represents being stuck without hope of reaching any dreams, and having abandoned them. The people near there work hard, drive in gray cars (a connection to another Ftizgerald motif of automobiles), and they do not strive for anything more exciting. While the eyes of the all-knowing Eckleburg are blue, Jordan, who is superficial and has no dreams, has gray eyes. Lavender is another important color. Closely related to blue, this color represents indulgence, such as Gatsby's lavender-decorated rooms and his lavender shirts. The beads on a dress are also referred to as lavender; the beads are embellishments, unneeded things that are nonetheless desired, and obtained often by the wealthy. White is used in The Great Gatsby in the traditional literary use of the color. Like white wedding dresses, white here represents innocence."
Tags: literature, color, symbolism, theme, automobile, light, american
Abstract This paper contends that the primary discussion of communication in any management theory involves power. One of the most theoretical tools to determine this is semiotics. The study of signs, signifiers, and the signified, semiotics intertwines with color theory to produce two colors that symbolize power more than any others, red and yellow. The paper explains that, by establishing that colors can be viewed as signs, signifieds, and signifiers, humanity has been opened up to the interpretation of colors. By examining the tendencies, histories, and general uses and interpretations of all of the colors of the spectrum, this paper determines that red and yellow are by far the most powerful colors of the spectrum.
From the Paper "In semiotics, textual analysis reaches its peak. Authorial intent in all communication is distinguished from the communication itself, and the communication is asked to stand alone. For instance, as Chandler writes, a text can exist in any medium, whether verbal or non-verbal, and once it has been recorded, it is devoid of any intent infused in it by the "author." For our purposes, the colorer applies color to her painting, presentation, graphics module or sculpture, and she may have intended that color to symbolize either power or lack thereof, or specifically a certain type of power, but her designs over her designs simply matter not. Instead, our own interpretations of her work, our own decisions and inferences regarding her choices of colors are the true indicators of power or a particular type of power in the work."
Abstract This paper discusses how in their book, "Faculty of Color in Academe", Caroline Sotello Viernes Turner and Samuel L. Myers Jr. address the ongoing shortage of colored teachers in the colleges and universities of America. It examines how, as America enters the 21st century, the racial divide and problems of the 20th century continue to be a problem. It looks at how colored people who are hired at colleges and universities face many of the same kinds of discrimination and false expectations facing colored people in other areas of work life, from institutional discrimination to expectations that they are less qualified than they should be. It also shows how they experience more occupational stress because they feel isolated and lack the mentoring opportunities enjoyed by white hires. It examines how the authors offer a good overview of the research and of the problems faced by the modern faculty of color and make good recommendations as to some of the actions that can be taken to correct the problems.
From the Paper "As defined in Title VII, an unlawful employment practice is any such practice by the employer which is motivated, premised, or conditioned upon the sex of an employee, or any seemingly neutral practice with an adverse effect on one sex. The educational field has not been an exception when it comes to evidence of discrimination against women. A wide disparity exists in the educational field in terms of the total number of women who have attained higher-level positions, and this is strong evidence of discriminatory practice. Title VII itself recognizes that there are two types of discrimination in operation. The first of these is intentional discrimination, meaning that an employer consciously and willfully made an employment decision strictly on the basis of sex. While it is easy to define this sort of discrimination, it can be difficult to prove because it is almost impossible to prove the intent or state of mind of the employer making the decision. Employers know that there are many laws on this subject, so they have become less open about such discriminatory practices. Unintentional discrimination is the second type and stands today as the basis for the majority of complaints filed by women. Such discrimination persists because of seemingly unintentional policies and practices that in effect perpetuate the effects of past discriminatory acts. Such a case is easier to prove because what is necessary is to prove the effect and consequences of the discrimination rather than the intent of the employer."
Tags: title, vii, blacks, race, discrimination, college
