Abstract
This paper examines how colorectal cancer is the third most frequent cause of cancer death behind lung and prostate cancer in men and the third behind lung and breast in women in the U.S and the U.K.. It reviews the current statistics of colorectal cancer and the basics for its development as well as the current status of a very significant factor of carcinogenesis a protein called MBD4. Tables and diagrams aer included.

From the Paper
"Cancer is a malignant growth which results from uncontrolled cell proliferation and loss of cell differentiation and programmed apoptosis. The word "cancer" describes a group of diseases that can affect any part of the human body. Cancer is a problem of great importance, affecting millions of people around the world and owes its success partly to the ability to spread-metastasize to other areas of the body through the lymphatic system and blood stream. According to McDonald (1997), cancer begins when a single cell undergoes mutation. This mutation promotes cell growth and permits this cell to bypass normal controls of proliferation. Additional mutations will occur, producing tumours."

Tags:carcinogenesis, malignant, growth, tumour, protein

Abstract
This paper researches the processes of colorectal cancer screening in African-American women and discusses serious issue of the the lack of utilization among African-American women aged 50 and older of colorectal screening implements.

Articles:
Colon Cancer Screening in African American Women
Elderly African American Women's Knowledge and Belief About Colorectal Cancer
Colon Cancer Screening Among Older Caregivers

From the Paper
"The sample size selected represents the sample most relevant in this case, as comprehensive information was gathered from previous studies directing the researcher to the correct sample size and population demographics for this particular study. The researchers make logical conclusions and the study presents multiple implications for future research in the health care arena. The research conclusions may apply to multiple patients facing educational barriers to healthcare screening and treatment. This research suggests that nursing practice would benefit by understanding the needs of divergent populations and accommodating their educational and informational needs accordingly. Knowledge about a particularly groups beliefs and concerns that may prevent adequate treatment can help guide nursing protocols and patient delivery in the future. "

Tags:health, internal, colon, screening, cancer

Abstract
This paper examines lifestyle and dietary habits as contributing factors to the development or prevention of CRC. The paper also points to a number of contributing factors to the development of CRC such as a diet high in red and processed meats, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol usage and physical inactivity. On the other hand, a diet high in fruits and vegetables, daily intakes of calcium, folate, magnesium and vitamin D and physical activity decrease risk. In light of these factors, the paper contends that a comprehensive screening program designed to detect early noncancerous growths, such as colonoscopy or fecal occult blood test products, should also include nutrition and lifestyle information.

Outline:

The Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer
Partners for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer in Lycoming County
Evidence for Program Intervention:
Concurrent Screening and Lifestyle Counseling
Hypothetical Program for Lifestyle Counseling in the Prevention of CRC

From the Paper
"Public health in Pennsylvania has evolved over several decades, and has come to understand the importance of the community's involvement in several health programs. Stakeholders for a CRC prevention program would include medical personnel such as gastroenterologists, oncologists, surgeons and primary care physicians. Not-for-profit organizations may include the local Office for the Aging, Department of Health, and patient advocacy groups such as the American Cancer Society (ACS) and Susquehanna Health in Lycoming County. Other stakeholders to be considered are university students who can be offered paid incentives to perform relevant research, and health insurance companies. Finally, concerned individuals and the general public should be invited to volunteer time and support (including alternative health practitioners, psychologists, health clubs and other interested professionals. To begin a constituent search, Lycoming County's directory for health advocacy is the Lycoming County Health Improvement Coalition (LCHIC), an excellent resource for health professionals as well as the public)."

Tags:cancer, food, exercise, screening, bio-medicine, nurses, dieticians, physiotherapists, cardiovascular, colonoscopy

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal that hypothesizes that individuals at high risk for CRC will benefit from lifestyle counseling by possibly prevent a cancerous event. The paper relates that lifestyle choices are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC); therefore, preventive measures, which address this type of cancer are a realistic public health goal. The paper concludes with an explanation of the research methodology, including a sample of the questions and the funding position for the study.

Table of Contents:
Background
Study Purpose and Significance
A Literature Review
Research Methodology
Samples Questions
Benchmarks
Budget Proposal - Program Appropriations
Funded Positions

From the Paper
"Preventive measures that address cancer of the colon and rectum are a realistic public health goal. The success of lifestyle counseling in addition to traditional treatment can be seen in Euroaction, the largest research project to be undertaken by the European Society of Cardiology. Euroaction is a cluster randomized controlled trial of six European countries, which has shown positive results utilizing interventions that focus on lifestyle counseling . Fifty five percent of the study participants who were in high risk categories for cardiovascular disease reduced their saturated fat intake, and 72% increased their fruit and vegetable consumption."

Tags:fiber, geographical disparity, transtheoretical model, bivariate analysis, colonoscopies

Abstract
The paper explores the risk factors for developing colorectal carcinoma, which include one's diet, hereditary factors and syndromes and having inflammatory bowel disease. The paper discusses the symptoms, findings of a physical examination, prognosis for patients and treatment options.

From the Paper
"The gastrointestinal tract is our body's pathway where food travels from the mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine within where the nutrients are extracted for the needs of the body. The first part of the pathway is the esophagus. It is the conduit that guides food from the mouth, where it is prepared by chewing, down to the stomach where it is stored. Then, the stomach, which is both a storage space and a secretory organ that produces the gastric acid necessary for digestion. Then the tract is followed by the duodenum when involuntary muscle contractions (peristalsis) empties the food gradually into it, the first part of the small intestine."

Tags:diet, hereditary, factors, inflammatory, bowel, disease, polyps, lesions, tumors

Abstract
This paper questions whether women who are vigilant in taking insoluble fiber on a daily basis, can help fight off or reduce the development of colorectal cancer. This paper reviews the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature about this topic and is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. A personal reaction to the analysis is also included.
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
Reaction
Works Cited

From the Paper
Heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women are the leading causes of death, disability, and frailty among older women of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States today (Bowen, Hunt, Kaplan et al. 1997:101). Further, a range of behavioral and lifestyle factors play a powerful role in each of these diseases, and behavioral interventions may be useful for their prevention. As noted above, after lung cancer, colorectal cancer is the second leading cancer killer in the United States Gaziano & Horowitz 2001) (other authorities, though, report colorectal cancer is third, after lung and breast cancer for women (Bowen, Hunt & Kaplan et al. 1997:114).
According to a recent report in the Journal of Environmental Health (2004), though, "Among white women, lung cancer is the second most common cancer, and colorectal is the third most common cancer. Among black and Asian/Pacific Islander women, colorectal cancer and lung cancer are the second and third most common cancers, respectively" ("U.S. Cancer Incidence: Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer Are Most Common" 61). Interestingly, Rhode Island reported the highest incidence of colorectal cancer among men, and Alaska the highest incidence rate among women; by contrast, New Mexico reported the lowest incidence rate of colorectal cancer for both men and women in the United States (U.S. Cancer Incidence: Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer Are Most Common" 61)."

Tags:risk, factor, diet

Abstract
The paper details the persons/populations at risk, i.e. persons to be screened and also discusses the recommended screening schedules for each test as well as the sensitivity and specificity for each. The paper addresses patient education knowledge regarding the nature of the procedures, technique, interpretation and action taken for positive results.

Tags:cancer, lung, colorectal

Abstract
This paper discusses how colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US and Canada and how it is vital to alert ourselves to this problem, so that we can help all those effected and prevent future generations from suffering and dying from the disease. In particular, the paper contends that the key to avoiding this cancer may be the person's lifestyle, and their nutritional intake. It looks at how the main nutrients that seem to be getting the headlines in relation to colon cancer are red meat, fibre, and folic acid, and as such, this paper focuses mainly on these headlines.

Outline:
Exercise
Healthy Diet
Red Meat
Fibre
Folate
Calcium, Vitamin D & Antioxidants
Lifestyle
Education & Screening
Looking to the Future

From the Paper
"Another important nutrient, or more accurately vitamin, is folate [22,23]. Folate, and its synthetic form, folic acid, play critical roles in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, in addition to aiding many areas of our metabolism [22,23]. Since cancer is almost always caused by some sort of damage to the cells genetic material, it is easy to understand that reduced intakes of folate can increase the risk of colorectal cancers, and experimental research seems to demonstrate it as well [22-24]. Conversely, increased intakes of folate are associated with reducing the risk of colorectal cancer by 50-60%, especially in people who consumed above the recommended intakes of alcohol [23,24]. There is still the matter of further human medical investigations to be done, as currently much of the positive folate outcomes detailed, are from researches done with animals [23]."

Tags:red, meat, fibre, folic, acid

From the Paper
"Colorectal Cancer: A Review From a Nursing Perspective


Introduction
This research reviews, from a nursing perspective, the literature related to colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the combined designation for both colon cancers and rectal cancers. The incidence of the disease, it etiology, and management are addressed.


Colorectal Cancer Incidence
Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy experienced by the adult population in the United States (Cirocchi, Cagini, Covarelli, Mazieri, Severini, Rossi, Pacifici, and Mosci, 1994, pp. 242-252). Malignancies of the colon and rectum are responsible for approximately 12 percent of all adult cancer deaths in..."

Abstract
Cancer is a cause of alarm. And colorectal cancer like any other cancer is a cause of alarm because it kills more than 50,000 people each year, making it second only to lung cancer in cancer deaths each year. Yet it is highly preventable, through a healthy lifestyle, and regular screening to prevent the minor irregularity in the body to develop into some malignant growth. Regular medical examinations are very important, once the candles of the fortieth birthday are blown out. The following five-page undergraduate paper is a brief study about the causes, symptoms, and patterns of occurrence of the colorectal cancer, with specific reference to its occurrence among women at age 40 and above.