Abstract
This paper explains that patriarchal culture often has preconceived
notions of superiority and ideas of backwardness about the colony, which evidenced in the European colonialist's fear of slipping into a pre-industrial state in which nature is left uncontrolled. The author points out that women were expected to take up roles of Christian missionaries and other colonial interventionists and that the central gender and societal concern was the amount of male violence used to control the colonial society. The paper relates that the Euro-centric gender
standard was enforced on the native culture, which, in many cases, were matriarchal societies.

From the Paper
"In looking at gender and the interaction of masculine and feminine roles in the colonial setting, material culture perspectives generally (and not in all cases) tend to see the progress of culture and mass media within colonial outlets in terms of the way they have developed in a unitizing and progressive historical perspective. Although feminist perspectives may focus on historical change within these portrayals, they are more likely to also focus on the things that haven't changed. "Not surprisingly, much of the racism or paternalism found in memoirs of colonial women focuses upon servants and substantiates this aspect of the charge leveled at them as destructive women. Yet colonial men expressed the same racism through their own work as administrators, business owners, or settlers." This perspective is displayed variously in relevant literature, in terms of masculine and feminine roles which perpetuated various aspects of the dominant culture in its tools of oppression."

Tags:propaganda, myth, racism, violence, missionary

Abstract
The paper shows how the four stories of travel emulated in this study of British colonialism reveal the technologically crucial aspect of shipbuilding that enables these travelers to move about the world. The paper explains that with Great Britain being on of the great naval powers in the world when these stories were written, they all reflect an escapist tendency on the part of the travelers to seek adventure and new opportunities to establish colonies away from their homeland.

Tags:more, literature, art

Abstract
In "Dislocating Cultures", Uma Narayan discusses the critique that exists in terms of "the colonialist stance" in feminist inquiry. She argues that one does not have to be a colonizer, nor a Western feminist, to perpetrate "the colonialist stance." It is a question, instead, of an approach that "replicates problematic aspects of Western representations of Third World nations and communities, aspects that have their roots in the history of colonization." In other words, Third World women who think that they are denouncing and repudiating "Westernization" are often actually perpetuating the colonization of themselves, as well as of all other women in their society.

Abstract
This paper argues that despite the ambivalence that lies at the heart of "Robinson Crusoe" and "Oroonoko," each of them can be said to be in the end a strong challenge to British imperialism. It is of the opinion of this writer that while neither author combines imperialist practices outright or without ambivalence, they do not need to do so to mount a challenge to imperialism.

From the Paper
"Thus as we read these two novels we find ourselves repeatedly asking which character in the novel in which there are bound to be differences amongst the characters "best expresses the views of the author." Are do all of the characters inevitably reflect an author's world view in some way? And what if the author himself or herself is conflicted about the nature of the world? Perhaps indeed they are writing the novel precisely as a way through which they themselves can come to terms with conflicting values and ideas in their own lives. That seems to be the most likely explanation in this case."

Tags:raise, question, legitimacy, start, process, anti-imperialist, humanistic, discourse, fiction, promulgate

Abstract
Hong Kong has been, for most of its history, something of an anomaly. For most of the territory's history it was a British colony, but it had almost no British colonialists in residence, with its population in the 1970s being 98% Chinese. Moreover, although it was a British territory for 140 years, its "significant history" dates from 1949 when the Communist Revolution in China utterly transformed its political, social and economic character. This anomalous aspect of Hong Kong will be highlighted in this essay, which will explore the economic transformation of Hong Kong in the modern period. The thesis will be argued that this anomalous aspect of Hong Kong played a critical role in its economic transformation in the critical post-war period as it allowed the Crown Colony/city-state to neatly straddle the primary ideological, territorial, cultural, political and economic demarcation lines in Asia. In this regard, it was not only able to draw upon diverse sources for its development, but its value to all major players in the region was such that everyone had an interest in Hong Kong's continuing success and development. In this regard, its anomalous character represents Hong Kong's critical strategic advantage in its modern economic transformation.

From the Paper
The Transformations of the Hong Kong Economy In the Post-War Era Introduction Hong Kong has been, for most of its history, something of an anomaly. For most of the territory's history it was a British colony, but it had almost no British colonialists in residence, with its population in the 1970s being 98% Chinese. Moreover, although it was a British territory for 140 years, its "significant history" dates from 1949 when the Communist Revolution in China utterly transformed its political, social and economic character. This anomalous aspect of Hong Kong will be highlighted in this

Tags:hong kong, economy, growth

Abstract
This paper explains that the French Foreign Legion was and continues to be a legitimate fighting force, unique to France and the French experience, while still capturing the collective imagination of the world. The author points out that the legacy of the Legion's colonialist history and its impact on the perceptions of non-French nations is of an occupying force; the legacy they left behind is one of suffering, tragedy, and oppression. The paper relates that the French Foreign Legion is historically a remarkable organization, marked by extreme loyalty, diversity, and strength; its current role is as a U.N. directed force.

From the Paper
"The Legion was founded in the year 1831 by King Louis Philippe. Although, without question, the Legion is patently French in its ideology, loyalty, and outlook, it is actually an international band of soldiers, joined together to fight for the interests of France. To be sure, because of its rather "eclectic" nature, many consider the Legion to be the essence of mercenary armies, a ragtag band of men of every nationality, race, and even creed as well as of every moral and ethical standard, from the brutish thug, to the idealistic soldier, fighting for God and country. However, the true French Foreign Legion is not so simple. In fact, to the French people, themselves, the Legion is a force imbibed with a rich and honorable history a representation of the collective French consciousness of the power of France, in spite of its international membership."

Tags:vietnamese, mercenary, colonialist, legacy, occupying

Abstract
The paper analyzes the novella, "Year of the Elephant", written by the Moroccan feminist author Leila Abouzied, which takes place within the town of Meknes, Morocco in the later 1950's, following the successful Moroccan War of Independence against French colonialist power. The paper discusses how, as the story opens, Moroccan sovereignty and a strong national sense of independence, pride, and ethnic and religious identity have finally been restored. The paper further analyzes how the character of Zahra, who, alongside her freedom fighter husband of twenty years helped to bring all of this about, is sadder, more displaced, more disoriented, and less confident than she has ever been. The writer concludes that the major strength of Leila Abouzied's novella lies within the author's depiction of Zahra herself, and her painful, but ultimately triumphant, struggle for a new authenticity, self-confidence, and worth.

Outline:
Description
Interpretation
Evaluation
Work Cited

From the Paper
"Zahra's personal struggle, moreover, is juxtaposed against her vivid memories of the upheaval and chaos of civil war within a nation in which everyone, not just Zahra, seemed to have temporarily lost his or her sense of place. For Zahra herself, though, this personal sense of chaos and severe displacement lingers well beyond the revolution. Zahra's eventual epiphany is that it is what one recognizes lies within one's self, rather than anything external, that creates and maintains authentic feelings of worth. This novella, like the Algerian feminist author Assia Djebar's novel Children of the New World (1962), is clearly both a feminist and an anti-colonialist work."

Tags:Islamic, history, feminist, anti-colonialist, narrative, strategy

Abstract
This is an in-depth paper of what the country of South Africa went through during the years of Dutch and British colonization. Discusses issues such as segregation, apartheid and freedom fighting. It begins with the Dutch colonization in 1652 and how this impacted the life of the African and Khoi Khoi natives. It examines how these early relationships gave rise to the hundreds of years of oppression and discrimination of the ruling white colonialist over the black natives. Studies these complex relationships until the time of the release of Nelson Mandela.

From the Paper
"Colonization is defined by Webster's Dictionary as an act or instance of colonizing. To South Africa and the South African people colonization has a much deeper and much more complex meaning. Colonization began in South Africa with the entrance of the Dutch in1652 and again with the British in 1806. The colonization by the Dutch was brought on by the need for a supply port to help ships sailing around the southern tip of the African continent. The Dutch's philosophy regarding the indigenous African people was one of separation and isolation. The Dutch urged their colonist to stay away from the native people and try to have little or no contact or interaction with them. One of the first conflicts between African and Dutch interest occurred between the Dutch and the KhoiKhoi. This conflict began when the indigenous KhoiKhoi realized that the Dutch settlers were in South Africa to stay. The KhoiKhoi believed that the Dutch intended to continue encroaching on the farmlands of their people. This tension between the Dutch and Africans broke out into a war, which last four years. The KhoiKhoi resistance was stopped by the Dutch due to the superior tactics and superior weapons used by the Dutch army. This conflict was one of many in which the native Africans attempted to take back their homelands, but fell short of their goals. In 1806 the British seized control of the South African colony in order to utilize its location and natural resources. "

Tags:apartheid, british, dutch, mandela, racism, discrimination, segregation, khoi, khoi, xhosa, zulu

Abstract
This paper discusses the book, "Eight Eurocentric Historians": Max Weber, Lynn White, Jr., Robert Brenner, Eric L. Jones, Michael Mann, John A. Hall, Jared Diamond, and David Landes. This paper describes the book's thesis that challenges the concept of European diffusionism, the belief that the rise of Europe to modernity and world dominance is due to some unique European quality of race, environment, culture, mind or spirit and that progress for the rest of the world results from the diffusion of European civilization. The paper author states that the role of each of these eight historians in generating colonialist understandings of history is not only proven to be extinct but also to be based on fallacious assumptions.

From the Paper
"The book first defines the eurocentric diffusionist model of the world as one that invents a permanent world core, an "Inside," in which cultural evolution is natural and continuous, and a permanent periphery, an "Outside," in which cultural evolution is mainly an effect of the diffusion of ideas, commodities, settlers and political control from the core. The ethno history of the doctrine is traced from its 16th-century origins, through its efflorescence in the period of classical colonialism, to its present form in theories of economic development, modernization and new world order. Blaut demonstrates that most "Western" scholarship is to some extent diffusionist and based implicitly on the idea that the world has one permanent center from which culture-changing ideas tend to emanate. Eurocentric diffusionism has shaped our attitudes concerning race and the environment, psychology and society, technology and politics."

Tags:weber, brenner

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the benefits and advantages of the colonization of the Americas and the New World. It shows how the opening up of these borders provided new trade routes and a new assortments of goods being presented on each side of the ocean. It discusses the economic benefit to the colonies and explains how the colonialist managed to learn skills from the locals by trading their material goods.

From the Paper
"Along with these new trade routes came a new economic power as the colonies found themselves dependent on their imperialist motherland. As the colonies discovered their new home, and battled the hardships surrounding their founding of communities, it must have been a relief to know they could depend on Britain to supply them with the goods and supplies they needed to survive."'

Tags:new, world, columbus, britain