Abstract The writer examines the causes underlying Colombian immigration to New York City. The paper the explores the experience of Colombians upon arrival in this foreign land. The writer looks at the various obstacles that immigrants faced in New York. Finally, the paper illuminates the contribution of Colombian immigrants to the multi-faceted character of New York City.
From the Paper "The primary period of Colombian immigration to New York City can be deduced from official statistics. According to the U.S. Census, the peak period of South American immigration to the U.S. occurred from 1971 to 1980 (Kraly, 1987, p. 43). In this new wave of immigrants, Colombians constituted half of the immigrants coming from South America. Within that period, 25,800 Colombian immigrants immigrated to the region of New York City and New Jersey (Kraly, 1987, pp. 57-9)."
Abstract The research paper explores the relationship between drug cartels in Latin America and Latin American governments. The main focus is on the Colombian cartels, which are extremely powerful and a major force in the Latin American and global drug trade, and the Colombian government. Contains an annotated bibliography that is not included in the word count.
From the Paper "A strong government, political stability and security are something that many of us take for granted. In Egypt, we may complain that the government is too strong and does give the population the chance to practice any form of political protest or opposition. However, in comparison to Colombia, which suffers from a weak government, the Egyptians are much more fortunate even if they are denied their political rights. The Colombian population, due to a weak government, is deprived of its sense of security. The weakness of the Colombian government is a very critical issue and even more alarming is the reason for its weakness. Namely, this weakness originates from the presence of strong drug lords, on the one hand and armed political opposition groups, on the other. Colombia has, thus, become a country in which all these different groups, one of them consisting of criminal drug dealers and the other of violent and terrorist political militias, compete with one another for power. The consequence of this struggle for power, according to Michael F. Jimenez, a professor of Latin American history at the University of Pittsburg, is the complete absence of any form of stability or security for the Colombian people. In this country, "street children, vagrants, homosexuals, beggars and prostitutes disappear at the hands of the death squads. Drug traffickers cut down politicians and journalists and terrorize at will." Indeed, people just disappear every single day, including politicians and government officials. By all accounts, the Colombian problem is very difficult to resolve because of the enormous power that the drug lords have. The drug lords and cartels are more powerful than the government itself and, many politicians are even dependant on the political and financial support of the drug lords. At the same time, as Time journalist, Tim McGirk explains in "A Carpet of Cocaine," the drug lords fund the political opposition groups to ensure that Colombia remains a fragmented and weak state, in order to ensure their continued power. Not only that but, the drug lords have a very strong presence in the Colombian economy and invest large amounts of money in it, as Professor Jimenez points out. The situation is almost impossible to resolve. The Colombian drug lords have to be eliminated but, not through the military aid of the United States, which is the present policy, because that only enhances the anger of the population towards their government and creates greater support for both the militias and the drug lords who then considered to be fighting against a foreign military intervention. The power of the Colombian drug lords is exceptional due to the political and economic roles that they play in their country's life and, therefore, the war against them needs to take an international intervention and to be carried out through the United Nations, both because the Columbian government is too weak to confront the cartels and US intervention increases the problem."
Abstract The paper provides an interview to help understand how a personal account of American life in New York City could be understood through Seusis' experience. The paper explains that although he had trouble in various ethnic conflicts when he first came to this country, the local Colombians have organizations that help to integrate people like Seusis into the economic job markets. The paper also relates that there is a wide population of Colombians in New York City that helped him to develop social tools in talking and associating with the mostly white population.
From the Paper "This study will provide an interview with Seusis Hernandez, a local Colombian in the New York City area that is now a marketing analyst in his career of choice. By analyzing the various responses Seusis has in relation to his job, ethnicity and the American way of life, one can realize the positive and negative aspects of his life as a Colombian within mostly white communities in the New York City area. Interview: Interviewer: Seusis, was it hard for you to find work in the United States when you arrived in this country? Seusis: At first it was. I had no idea as to how one should go about looking for marketing job within a city so massive as this one."
Abstract The paper traces Escobar's life from humble peasant beginnings to powerful cocaine drug dealer and kingpin. The paper discusses the sound financial decisions Escobar made as well as the way he invested in legitimate projects using the funds he gained illegally. The paper explores the influence Escobar had and the way he worked, ultimately unsuccessfully, to establish a no-extradition clause into the Colombian constitution.
From the Paper "Escobar believed his entire life that he was something special. He wanted to get to the top quickly and as a child decided he was not going to take the slow and steady path that law abiding citizens took. He began a life of crime, without regard to who he hurt and killed along the way(Fontaine, 2001). His eventual success in the community did not negate the means he used to gain that success however and when he tried to use his gained political popularity to change the constitution in a manner that would erase his past the public turned on him. He went to prison, escaped and died(Fontaine, 2001). Had Escobar not existed, the business aspects of the drug world would not be as organized as it is. He was able to develop solid financial and business practices in an illegal world. He left a mark in which is name will always be associated with the notorious drug lords of the world. Pablo Esobar wanted the good life, but he didn?t care who he hurt to get it."
Abstract This paper explains how the Colombian culture would affect healthcare given by aides. The author discusses the impact of traditions, values and practices. The paper provides background information on Columbia such as location, climate, population and industry.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the country of Colombia and an analysis of how the culture of its prevalent traditions values and practices might affect the provision of health care in the country. Colombia is the northern..."
Abstract In this essay, the writer offers a comparative book review that examines Nazih Richani's "Systems of Violence" and Rabasa & Chalk's "Colombian Labyrinth". The writer discusses how each work assesses Colombia's embattled condition similarly. The writer also examines how each of their respective recommendations for policy--particularly US policy--differ fundamentally.
From the Paper "That Colombia is a nation mired in seemingly endless instability and protracted war is a solemn fact known all too well to contemporary students of Latin American development. As surely as the causes of this enduring dilemma are up for debate, so too the remedies remain elusive. Two astute examinations of the Colombian system will be compared and contrasted in this essay. The first written in by Nazih Richani and entitled 'Systems of Violence'. The Political Economy of War and Peace in Colombia tackles the very nature ..."
Tags: richani, rabasa, chalk, colombia, narcotics, FARC, insurgency, political economy
Abstract This paper discusses Colombian situation by mentioning Benedict Anderson's work, "Imagined Communities". It then examines how Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" creates a myth of Colombian history and how its magical realism expresses Latin American collective consciousness.
From the Paper "Marquez has long expressed an aim to write what he refers to as 'the true history of Colombia'. One Hundred Years of Solitude may not have any factual basis, although it does contain fictionalised versions of actual historical events, but it is a response to the inadequacy of official history and a myth of the history of Colombia. It begins with the founding of an Eden-like Macondo in an innocent and 'magical' time and follows its progression through the stories of various generations of the Buendias till its eventual destruction by a great wind. It is a myth of evolution, of progress, and of the loss of innocence of a whole society. It begins in an era where magic is possible, and follows the loss of this magic to science and technology. "
This paper is a literature review of terrorism pre and post 9/11, the relationship of money laundering to terrorism using the Colombian narco-traffickers as a model and the relationship of transnational crime and terrorism.
Abstract This paper explains that the literature states the necessity of extending the scope of terrorism to include related trends of drug-trafficking, organized crime and unlawful migration to America because these trends serve as breeding grounds to terroristS who have been looking for newer ways to broaden the terrorist funding base. The author points out that the literature indicates that the methodology adopted by the drug mafia in Columbia, to distribute their narcotics at the global level and subsequently to use that money to fund organizations creating civil unrest, has been adopted by the terrorists in the Middle East. The paper relates that literature discusses the actions taken by global institutions at the forefront of global anti-money laundering administration and reviews some fundamentals of the critical anti-money laundering law, such as the constant attrition of confidentiality and the obligation of augmented necessities of carefulness.
Table of Contents
Terrorism
Analysis of Literature on Terrorism Pre-Post 9/11
Money Laundering
Relationship between the Colombian Narco-Traffickers and Colombian Insurgency
Trans-national Organized Crime and Terrorism
From the Paper "Michael Reisman (1999) gives a fair review of the past and the present actions and procedures of calculated and politically provoked violent non-government groups. Many critics have questioned the unwillingness of the American courts to prosecute terrorist activities that have taken place outside American grounds. Michael reviews the reasons behind the reluctance of the American courts to take legal action in these scenarios. He also reviews the dilemma of the incompetent countries whose soil has been exploited as a foundation for terrorist training and terrorist activities against other countries, particularly the United States. Similarly, Peter Chalk (1998) reviews a number of terrorist events which could have resulted in greater understanding and classification of terrorism and the fundamentals that serve as driving forces for terrorist acts. He concludes his study by creating a model for responding to terrorist actions within the customs of political and social legality."
Abstract Unbeknownst to many rose-buyers, fresh flowers have been flown in from the South American nation of Colombia, some 90% of them by some reports. Seen as a boon to an economy that would otherwise be dependent on its drug trade, the Colombian rose trade has many detractors and defenders. This paper looks at four different media outlets and their take on the Colombian rose trade, looking at not only what each medium has to say about the issue, but how it is said.
From the Paper "Each Valentine's Day, millions of fresh-cut roses are purchased for sweethearts, spouses, and lovers around the world. Unbeknownst to many rose-buyers, these fresh flowers have been flown in from the South American nation of Colombia, some 90% of them by some reports. Seen as a boon to an economy that would otherwise be dependent on its drug trade, the Colombian rose trade has many detractors and defenders. This paper shall look at four different media outlets and their take on the Colombian rose trade, looking at not only what each medium has to say about the issue, but how it is said. The first source providing information on the Colombian rose trade is a piece from National Public Radio's show "All Things Considered," circa October of 1997. This is a radio news clip. The personality of the outlet is one of American liberalism, yet unbiased information."
Abstract Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a Colombian writer noted for his mixture of realism and fantasy in stories with great power and "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" is such a tale. The paper shows how Marquez draws on his own knowledge and experience of village and city life and of the political currents of Latin America in shaping his stories, but he also infuses these tales with his particular moral sense and with his conception of meaning evoked by combining the real and the fabulous in a near-allegorical fashion. The paper discusses how issues of human identity are developed through such allegories, which examine the identities first of individual characters and then of human begins in similar situations. Marquez uses the image of the village as a microcosm for all of society, and just as each individual in the village finds his or her identity in relation to the rest of the village, so does every man and woman in a larger society find an identity in how they relate to their culture.
From the Paper "In the story, the issue of whether or not this man is an angel is treated in a way that is counter to what we might intuitively expect. We might expect that an angel would be hailed and that the people would gain some spiritual sustenance from the visit of an angel, but this is not what happens at all. The old woman next door believes he is an angel, and yet she urges that he be clubbed to death because she believes angels are "the fugitive survivors of a celestial conspiracy." Pelayo and his wife are not sure if this old man is an angel, but as long as people question whether he is or not, those people will pay to see him. They make the old man into an attraction and thus turn a burden and an uncertainty into an opportunity to make money. In doing this, they are only continuing their task of eking out a living by using whatever opportunity presents itself."
Abstract This paper looks at how Colombia has a rich and diverse culture and history, which are a tribute to both the country and its people. It discusses how, nonetheless, Colombia has more recently been plagued by the presence of drug cartels that have been responsible for trafficking drugs into the United States, committing horrible violent atrocities, both in the country and abroad, and wielding an enormous political influencing by bribing high profile officials. It discusses how these drug cartels are operated by powerful, wealthy, murderous criminals who don?t answer to any rule or law and how they constitute a significant national security risk to the United States of America.
From the Paper "The essential problem with the national security threat then posed by Columbia is that it is so well established within the country itself that it appears that it may be intractable unless we are committed to rooting out corruption within the government as well. Indeed, it is impossible to say for certain who, exactly, might be receiving bribes or financial support from the drug cartels and the trail of possible corruption has already been shown to reach right up to the president. Thus, U.S. initiative to get Colombia to deal with drug problem themselves face an enormous obstacle in that many government officials themselves may in fact be indebted to the drug cartels and are therefore likely to undermine U.S. efforts to destroy them."
It describes about drugs trades in Columbia.Colombia's extensive history of marijuana trafficking demonstrates that law enforcement pressure in a particular cultivation area is compensated by production and trafficking increases elsewhere. Trafficking or
9,100 words (approx. 36.4 pages), 27 sources, 1997, $ 188.95
Abstract Despite the anti-drug triumphs of Colombian druglord Pablo Escobar's surrender in 1991 and his subsequent death soont hereafter, rumors about the demise of the huge Medellin drug cartel proved false. Although Colombia's economy seemingly improved and is "the best performing in Latin America" (Salloum, 1994), it is still drug-dependent and that dependency seems largely intermingled with the country's political system. As for the power of the government to 'control' the drug cartels and their members, it should be pointed out that even Pablo Escobar was imprisoned in and escaped from a luxurious and supposedly "maximum-security prison" (Smith, 1996). Yet the Colombian government continues to claim that it is in control and, together with the United States, is allegedly "winning the war on drugs." And much like the U.S. government it appears to be overtly hypocritical in making such claims : For Colombia is a country whose twentieth century history is riddled with political corruption, scandal, and government-intertwined drug-trafficking. It is an abundant and obvious problem; one that could be attacked openly-- yet seems to be genuinely assaulted only minimally by its political "enemies"...
From the Paper Colombia, the oldest Latin American democracy, lost its independence in 1991, when Gaviria and the assembly changed the constitution to amend currency and extradition policies, among other things, and accepted the business of drug-trafficking as a lesser of two evils. The driving force behind this great change was greed and the tool was cocaine. Armed with enormous financial resources, drug cartels have reportedly penetrated and corrupted the government, subverted commerce and industry, and eroded the individual's trust in government. Despite the anti-drug triumphs of Colombian druglord Pablo Escobar's surrender in 1991 and his subsequent death soonthereafter, rumors about the demise of the huge Medellin drug cartel proved false
Abstract This paper explains that in Gabriel Garcia Marquez' "Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Santiago Nasar's is killed by the hands of Angela Vicario's two brothers who accuse him of having dishonored their sister. The author points out that the murder of Santiago Nasar is a symbol of mid-20th century Latin American moral values, culture and gender roles in the sense that the events that occur in the small Colombian coastal town are representative to the entire Colombian society. The paper relates that, through the literary technique of foreshadowing, the narrator tries to convince his readers that Santiago's fate dictates his death.
From the Paper "In Latin American society, honor is taken very seriously as it is an integral part of local culture. In this sense, honor is the fundamental moral value that must be kept intact. Once harmed, someone's honor must be avenged irrespective of what this implies because without the trait of honor, any man is lost and seen as an outcast in Latin American society. Consequently, in Marquez's novel, all of the characters are shaped and deeply influenced by this powerful moral value. It is somewhat ironical that defending honor as the supreme moral virtue does not rule out murder."
Abstract This paper examines the role of the Italian mafia as a business like any other, and its long history in the United States. The author discuses how the mafia's illegal and legal enterprises help propel our capitalist society, and how their ties with major labor unions enable them to dominate major industries. The paper also looks at how the Italian mafia works with other ethnic crime organizations, such as the Russian mafia, and Colombian drug cartels.
From the Paper "The mafia is a loose term in our country, as we as Americans are fascinated by the mysteriousness of it. Movies, books, plays, and now even a television series have been made depicting different real life stories regarding the mafia. The television show The Sopranos gives a great rendition about life in New Jersey as a mobster. This show allows viewers to see both sides of the story when thinking about gangsters. One is able to see their ruthless side in some situations, and then also the way they conduct business. Much of the business they conduct is with people who know what situation they are in, and are willing to accept the terms, based on a mutual agreement. In recent years, there have been several cases where a mafia member would go against their former family in order to lighten their jail sentence, breaking their code of conduct known as Omerta. The United States is a capitalist and free market society. The mafia helps in the expansion and existence of this capitalist society by their influences in legal and illegal businesses, with the help of political parties and leaders that are best placed to help them."
