Abstract This paper explains that Malcolm X was one of the most awe-inspiring orators of the twentieth century. Using his oratory skills, Malcolm X gave a speech called "Prospects for Freedom in 1965", with the goal of educating the Caucasian audience about the plight of the Afro-American while serving as an almost rallying-cry to prepare his fellow Afro-American brothers and sisters for the harsh realities of the upcoming year. The paper describes the plethora of rhetorical devices used by Malcolm X in this speech, such as rhetorical questions, repetitions, colloquialisticexpressions, logos, pathos and ethos.
From the Paper "Yet another example of Malcolm's desire to effectively communicate with his audience is in the form of his use of repetition, which can be defined as "the repeated use of the same word or word pattern".("Repetition") Throughout the entire discourse, many themes, motifs and words reappear so that he can stress and emphasize the certain themes and ideas. For example, within the introductory paragraphs, Malcolm constantly expresses "it's my [his] third time here" (X 147). This is an attempt to force the fact that he is a competent and experienced speaker."
Tags: rallying-cry repetition, colloquialisticexpressions, rhetorical questions, human
Abstract This paper explains that, following in the footsteps of Barack Obama who gave an eloquent and effective speech during Howard University's Convocation Day, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick delivered a wondrous and thought provoking keynote speech in 2008 at Howard University's Charter Day. The paper then explains the use of rhetorical devices in this address, such as colloquialisticexpressions, humor, pathos, repetition, ethos, metaphors and euphemisms. The paper concludes that the speech of the second African-American governor ever elected, Deval Patrick, profoundly affected the Howard institution.
From the Paper "A major rhetorical device that was used in this address was one of colloquialistic expressions which are can be "used in or characteristic of familiar and informal conversation'. In lieu of boring the audience citing historical precedent and preaching the sanctity and integrity of the institution of Howard University, an esteemed and highly regarded intellectual stood center-stage and spoke from the heart as he educated about the audience about education. Instead of opting to bedazzle the crowd with such intellectual and academic words of grandeur, he spoke in every day terminology."
Abstract This paper is a research report on an experiment in whether facial expression influences emotions, following the view of many that research supports the idea of the facial feedback hypothesis that holds that making a facial expression can alter the individual's subjective feelings in the direction of that feeling represented by the facial expression. It examines how some believe that making such a facial expression can actually cause the related emotion, while others hold that it can only intensify that emotion that is already felt.
From the Paper "Research has long been conducted on the connection between expressive behavior and the emotion experienced, much of it based on facial expressions and what they really mean. This research considers some of what has been developed in the literature regarding this topic and then tests the connection between facial expressions and emotions experienced, serving as a test of the facial feedback hypothesis that holds that making a facial expression can alter the individual's subjective feelings in the direction of that feeling represented by the facial expression. In simpler terms, if you smile, you begin to feel happier. Some believe that making such a facial expression can actually cause the related emotion, while others hold that it can only intensify that emotion that is already felt."
Abstract This paper examines the role of facial expressions in interpersonal communications. The paper first discusses what type of messages conveyed by facial expressions are most effective in interpersonal relationships. Next the paper looks at the use of facial expressions to convey emotional meaning and context. The paper also discusses attribution theory as it pertains -- i.e. the inferences people make based on the information conveyed through the communication process.
From the Paper "This paper reviews literature relevant to the role of facial expressions in interpersonal communications. One research question is investigated through the conduct of the literature review. The research question in..."
Abstract This paper discusses documentaries as a form of expression which were introduced in the New Deal era and the Depression era. These were times when the nation needed hope and needed to understand the tragedy and stress they were going through. Documentaries were also a mode of transcribing history and revealing realistic the situation to gain a future understanding of the time. The documentary mode of expression was as much for the people as it was for the government. This paper studies this matter in-depth and concludes that the documentaries and history at the time were stated clearly from the governmental point of view.
From the Paper "When we view the media forms of the times we realize the strength the people had in that era. As the generation of the future we realize that while the generation of the past was termed as the "Greatest generation" it can also be called and at times is termed as the ?Lost Generation.? Today, the youth are shown as disgruntled and violent but though the nationalism prominent in the past may overshadow the turbulence, the fact remains that a thorough analysis of the documentaries will show that the past too had its share of problems. It is said that the media of every era will portray the society and culture of its times. A study of the 1930s media reports shows that the Depression era was not as 'great' for the people living in it. ''(A) generation, numbering in the millions, has gone so far in decay that it acts without thought of social responsibility,'' historians George Leighton and Richard Hellman proclaimed in a much-quoted Harper' s Monthly article in 1936. ''High-school kids are armed, out for what they can get . . . . The Lost Generation is even now rotting before our eyes.'' In 1935, Columbia University President Nicholas Butler summed up the grave ''youth problem'': ''Day by day the newspapers report one grave crime after another, one moral delinquency after another, and one dereliction of duty after another.'' "
Abstract This paper examines the gender differences of the two sexes and the conceptual paradigm that rules them. It describes marked difference in the emotional expression of men and women and the masculine mask. The author writes that we are now aware that boys tend to have a highly developed right brain whereas girls have a well-developed left brain.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Brain
The Sociological Pressure (Emotion and its Expression)
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "There has been increasing amount of research devoted to discerning the role of gender and its influence in the emotional response to a particular situation. These researches have added weight to the presumption that the structural differences of the cerebral cortex has a substantial influence in triggering emotional responses and the differing reactions in men and women to an external stimuli. Let us have a brief outlook of the psychological and biological effects that contribute to the differing emotional responses (in men and women) and the scientific explanation for the same."
Abstract The paper discusses American Express and the development of an export plan for businesses. The paper notes that assisting companies in developing an export business has been a company process for some years. The paper describes how American Express offers help through a number of venues. The small business unit provides recommendations for any business plan, including for export and import businesses, beginning with the admonition to develop a good plan for internal planning and for garnering support from external sources.
From the Paper "The American Express Company has a long history. It was formed in 1850 by Henry Wells and his two main competitors when they combined their delivery services into American Express. The founders are related to another important American financial institution; when directors of the company balked at expanding to California in 1852, Wells and his vice president William Fargo formed Wells Fargo. American Express itself merged with Merchants Union Express in 1868 and developed a money order to be in competition with the postal money order offered by the government. When Fargo had difficulty cashing a check in Europe, the company developed the idea of offering Travelers Cheques in 1891 and other services for U.S. travelers followed. During World War I, the government nationalized and consolidated all express delivery services, offering compensation to the owners."
This paper examines how hip hop and in particular rap music gives African Americans on the margins of society a powerful voice to express political discontent.
4,135 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 23 sources, 2001, $ 110.95
Abstract This paper discusses how the musical styles of hip hop and rap create a powerful venue for African Americans to express their feelings regarding politics, racial discrimination and society in general. To compliment the main thesis, this paper includes an in-depth history of the origins of hip hop, analysis of politically significant songs and the effects of mass media on hip hop.
From the Paper "In the United States of America we pride ourselves as being the freest nation in the world. Unfortunately, there are times in our history in which certain groups have been unrightfully deprived of their freedom. This can be said for African-Americans who endured 244 years of slavery and another century of institutionalized racism. As Ralph Ellison has suggested, "Afro-Americans have had rhythmic freedom in place of social freedom, linguistic wealth instead of pecuniary wealth" (West, 1999, p. 474). The late 1970s signaled a new era of rhythmic and linguistic wealth: rap music. Hip hop and in particular rap music gives African Americans on the margins of society a powerful voice to express political discontent, but these messages are being obscured by the violence and sexism in some rap music. While political discontent is expressed through all the elements of hip hop, rap music has become the most powerful, creating a link that transcends location, age, religion, and race."
Abstract This paper shows that the languages of Malagasy and Guugu Yimidhirr are different and from different areas. The paper explains that they have a similar form of linguistic expression created through socialization and the acculturation of their societies over time.
Analysis of how the key characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Babylon Revisited", John Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums" and R. Wright's "The Man Who Was Almost a Man" express themselves.
Abstract This paper reviews the protagonists in the three short stories, "Babylon Revisited", "The Chrysanthemums", and "The Man Who Was Almost A Man" and how they resort to more subtle forms of communication, such as symbolism, in order to express themselves. The paper goes on to describe how each of the novels also highlights the role that nonverbal communication plays in creating perceptions. Quotes from all three novels are used to illustrate the points made in the paper.
From the Paper "However, successful communication is almost as much about the interpretation of the receiver, as it is about the ability of the sender to reason out the right manner of communication. Indeed, the fact that successful communication hinges on a two-way interactive process plays an important role in Charlie, Elisa, and Dave's failure to achieve their goals. For Charlie Wales, his one drink a day may represent his ability to control his alcoholism. But, to Marion, the action seems to be cause to doubt the fact that he is a reformed alcoholic, even though Charlie tries to explain the symbolism inherent in his action: ?"but all that's over. As I told you, I haven"t had more than a drink a day for over a year, and I take that drink deliberately, so that the idea of alcohol won"t get too big in my imagination. You see the idea"? (Fitzgerald, p. 329) Unfortunately, though, Charlie fails to convince Marion of the true meaning underlying his drink a day, as evidenced by her later asking, "How long are you going to stay sober, Charlie"? (Fitzgerald, p. 330)"
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the existing research concerning a variety of fields related to the topic of facial expressions. The writer notes that the ability to recognize facial expressions of pain and emotion has important clinical and social implications. The writer points out that the importance of a clinician's abilities to recognize facial displays of pain is especially relevant for infants, those with handicaps that preclude accurate verbal reporting, and patients for whom distorting a verbal report is a concern. The writer also discusses that in the social environment, expression emotions, pain and distress may serve as a warning of threat or may solicit helping behavior on the part of the observer. The writer maintains that, thus, an understanding of the theory behind facial expressions and their perception and study has practical implications in many areas of life and professional practice. The writer concludes that in general the majority of the research reviewed in this paper indicates that facial expressions are universal and can be studied in a variety of different manners.
Outline:
General Overview of Facial Expressions Perception of Facial Expressions Expression, Psychometry, and the Perception of Facial Behavior
Emotional Prototypes
The Measurement of Facial Expressions Sets of Static Emotional Stimuli
General Results on the Perception of Emotion
Perception of Facial Expressions and Response Times
Facial Expression of Pain
Conclusion
From the Paper "At this point, it is also important to address the concept of universality of facial expressions of emotion and how universality relates to the development of encoding ability. If facial expressions of emotion are universal, then encoding of them should occur naturally given the appropriate stimuli and maturity of the neural and muscular control mechanisms. Therefore, a discussion of "universal" and encoding ability is discussed below in greater detail.
"The majority of the research concerning age-related changes in encoding, involves the posing of expressions of emotion rather than the spontaneous expression that accompanies emotion. This method of research is discussed in greater detail below. The ability to pose non-emotional expressions (i.e. facial expressions of emotion that are not associated with the experience of emotion) leads to questions concerning the role of either verbal ability or knowledge of emotion vocabulary in the performance of the encoding tasks. Is a good encoder able to control facial musculature better than a poor encoder? Or, does a good encoder have a better understanding of emotion words and expectations about how to demonstrate that awareness?"
A paper focusing on problems encountered in the attempted measurement of facial expressions of emotion using the judgment approach, examining what is thought to be the fundamental and universal types of facial expression and how facial expressions differ
Abstract In this paper the judgement-approach method of measurement for facial expressions of emotion (one of the most widely-used types) is analyzed, with comments on its validity (the correlation between two independently-measured tests) and reliability (concerned with the consistency of the test scores obtained). Ekman and Friesen, two pioneers in this field whose work is greatly respected, are used as a basis for this analysis, with examination of some of their studies and a look at cross-cultural differences in the facial expression of emotion. The question is posed of whether there is a difference between the experience and expression of emotion in the face and how frequently 'display rules' (which interfere with the expression of emotion in the face) cause confusion in the judgement of what emotion a person is actually experiencing.
From the Paper "The experience of emotion is integral to who we are as humans. Darwin (1872 in Ekman, 1973) defined emotion as essential to the welfare of group-living species. Without emotion, we would be unable to be attracted to one another, reproduce, or interact socially, amongst other things. Emotions also have distinct motivational properties (Izard, 1971). As humans, one of the primary ways in which we express emotion is through facial expressions (Ekman, 1975), acting as an indicator to others on whether a person is happy, sad, angry or any number of other things. Hence, it is an important nonverbal tool of communication between individuals. As there is no known physiologic test to measure the state of emotion in a given person, facial expressions are a useful way of determining this. The concepts of facial expression and the measurement of emotion were first seriously explored by Charles Darwin. Since Darwin, many people have investigated the measurement of emotion, via many different methods. Some have been met with more success than others. In this essay I will focus on a specific type of emotion measurement ? that of investigators studying the recognition of facial expressions of emotion via the judgement approach."
Abstract This paper analyzes and examines American Express Financial Corporation. Part II discusses the history of American Express Financial Corporation. In Part III, statistics concerning American Express Financial Corporation are examined. Part IV outlines American Express Financial Corporation's philanthropy. Lastly, this paper concludes with suggestions for how American Express Financial Corporation may build upon and retain its position as one of the nation's leading financial services companies.
From the Paper "American Express Financial Corporation is one of the nation's oldest financial services companies, having been founded in 1894. What makes the story of American Express Financial Corporation so incredible is the fact that it had rather humble beginnings, originally selling only one product, the face-amount certificate. In addition, American Express Financial Corporation has been one of the few companies to succeed despite the fluctuations in the economy throughout the years. Today, American Express Financial Corporation offers a vast range of products and services including credit cards for businesses and individuals, financial advisory services, life insurance, travel services, etc."
Abstract The paper argues that schools, by their very nature, must encourage free inquiry and free expression of ideas. Oral expression is needed as a learning mechanism, as well as a psychological outlet. The paper argues that schools, both public and private, should provide opportunities for students and teachers to express themselves orally, with the understanding that measures of protection are in place which will allow for this expression.
From the Paper "In many communities around the country, however, school administrators and librarians are under heavy pressure from religious and other groups to censor what students read and study. Teachers are becoming self-censoring in the selection process, making every effort to make "safe" book choices. These practices aren't eliminating the problem, they're only amplifying it . Educators cannot, for the sake of the students, allow themselves to be pressured into diluting their curriculum into superficial facts."
Abstract Terrorism is an assertion of the will of a very few over the many. It is a protest, an attempt to gain power and influence, and an expression of cultural anger. Palestinian terrorists have been blowing themselves up in crowds of Israelis for decades. Theirs is an expression of protest against the very existence of the Israeli state. Terrorism is, then, a multi-faceted expression of violence against another party. The commonality is that some element of the cultures that generate terrorism makes the act of destroying innocent lives. It is the purpose of this paper to examine how a culture, particularly that found in some areas of the Islamic world, can breed terrorism.
