Abstract
This paper studies the theory that chemical reactions are the result of the collision between molecules. Also known as the collision model, the author explains how these collisions, when strong enough and with ambient environments, can cause kinetic energy. The paper also introduces the Arrhenius equation and explains how this equation measures the activation energy of a particular reaction and quantifies the collision model in a way that can be useful for scientists conducting experiments. Like any other equation, the paper describes the different experimental parameters that will have an impact on the product of the Arrhenius equation. The paper also demonstrates how the Arrhenius equation can be applied to other disciplines.

From the Paper
"Not every collision between molecules will create new products. In fact, the vast majority of collisions do not because they are not strong enough to break the existing bonds, which are often quite strong between molecules. For the collision to be successful, the molecules have to be oriented in such a way that the activation energy is sufficient to generate a reaction in the substance in question. Temperature, the presence of catalysts, the concentration of the substance, and other factors affect activation energy. Also, the molecules within molecular bonds are also held together with different degrees of strength which affect the potential and kinetic energy released from collisions."

Tags:molecular reactions, kinetic energy, catalysts

Abstract
On April 1, 2001, what began as a minor training exercise turned into a post-Cold War confrontation between two of the world's nuclear powers. On this date, a collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet resulted in a tense - but not hostile - political confrontation between the two nations. This paper examines how although the actual details of the spy plane collision in April 2001 differed substantially in their respective accounts in the Chinese and U.S. media, these differences were not so important to many observers as how important the role they played in shaping public opinion as the events unfolded. It provides a side-by-side comparison of the accounts from China and the U.S. to show how the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" seem to be covering two completely separate incidents. It also defines and discusses the media framing functions that were categorized into three dimensions: visual framing, contextual framing and operational framing.

Outline:
Introduction
Background and Overview
Differences in Media Accounts
Categorization of Framing Functions in Media Accounts
Review of the Literature
Role of the Media in News Presentation
Gatekeeping and Presentation of News Reports
Additional Factors Influencing Presentation of News Reports
The American Position as Reflected in "The New York Times"
The Chinese Position as Reflected in "The People's Daily"
The International Community's Position
Method
Data Analysis and Findings
"People's Daily": April 2-April 27, 2001
"New York Times" Analysis
Validity and Reliability
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"From a subjective perspective, one can almost envision the Chinese leadership hunkered down in the Forbidden City formulating a cogent but forceful response to the spy plane incident that would show the world that they still meant business militarily, but one which would not go so far as to jeopardize what was really important: the American markets. However, from an international perspective, the evolution of the Sino-American trade bloc may be thwarted by future recurrences of this level of hostility, and in the post-Cold War globe, former allies may become potential enemies. "

Tags:trade, demonizing, mass, media, agenda, setting, gatekeeping

Abstract
This study examines the crisis following the mid-air collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet over international waters off the coast of China. The paper shows how the crisis, with its many ambiguities, uncertainties and ramifications, lends itself to analysis based on the ideas of conflict theorist Karl Marx and interaction theorist Georg Simmel.

From the Paper
"The crisis is a fascinating subject for inquiry based on social theory because it involved not only the individuals on the two planes (including the deceased Chinese pilot who apparently caused the collision--if we are to believe the American version), but also the two powerful nations of the United States and China. The crisis had a number of factors which are wide open to controversy, from the cause of the collision to the question of international territory to the issue of intelligence gathering. From the point of view of Simmel's, the crisis involves the essential factor of interaction on many levels--including the personal and the international. From the Marxist perspective, the conflicts abound, from political ideology to economics to questions of class."

Tags:marx, karl, georg, simmel

Abstract
Uses social theory to analyze the crisis caused by the mid-air collision of a U.S spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet on April 1, 2001. Examines the conflict theory of Karl Marx and interaction theory of Georg Simmel. Discusses economics as a driving force (Marx) and human interaction (Simmel). Explores issues of who caused the crash; sovreign aerial territory, political ideology, personal and international interaction.

From the Paper
"This study will examine the crisis following the mid-air collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet over international waters off the coast of China. The crisis, with its many ambiguities, uncertainties and ramifications, lends itself to analysis based on the ideas of conflict theorist Karl Marx and interaction theorist Georg Simmel.

The crisis is a fascinating subject for inquiry based on social theory because it involved not only the individuals on the two planes (including the deceased Chinese pilot who apparently caused the collision--if we are to believe the American version), but also the two powerful nations of the United States and China. The crisis had a number of factors which are wide open to controversy, from the cause of the collision to the question of international territory to the issue of intelligence gathering."

Abstract
Space weather is a normal bombardment of the earth by particles and emissions from the sun interacting with the magnetic field of the earth. This process produces collisions in the atmosphere leading to colorful displays in the atmosphere known as aurora, the best known of which is the aurora Borealis. Aurora can occur on the day and the night sides of the earth, and they can take different forms depending on the source of the particles, the type of particles involved, and other elements that may vary from case to case.

From the Paper
Abstract Space weather is a normal bombardment of the earth by particles and emissions from the sun interacting with the magnetic field of the earth. This process produces collisions in the atmosphere leading to colorful displays in th atmosphere known as aurora, the best known of which is the aurora Borealis. Aurora can occur on the day and the night sides of the earth, and they can take different forms depending on the source of the particles, the type of particles involved, and other elements that may vary from case to case. The basics of space weather and aurora ar explained.

Tags:space, weatehr, aurora

Abstract
This paper explores the concept of colliding cultures and competing ideologies as well as the related theme of identity in the three plays; "Master Harold... and the Boys" by Athol Fugard, "Dream on Monkey Mountain" by Derek Walcott, and "No Sugar" by Jack Davis. The paper also analyzes the strategies used in the plays such as symbolism, irony, and contrast in their elucidation of colliding cultures. The paper explains that contrast in use of language serves a significant purpose in relation to evolving identity for the oppressed. The paper also notes that colliding cultures can be reduced to the values of white dominant culture in opposition to the other - whether they happen to be black, aboriginal people, or some minority ethnic group. In conclusion, the paper shows that because all the other variables such as identity never are static, the concept of collision is also fluid and appears where it would be least expected.

From the Paper
"Davis' No Sugar is similar to Fugard's play in how it demonstrates the immediacy and perennial nature of colonialism. Mitchell (18-20) expresses this reality by stating that "the rhetoric of postcolonialism assumes that anti-colonialism has either overthrown imperialism or exhausted itself in the attempt". The fact is such a goal has not nearly been achieved; we continue to live in a colonial world. Walcott demonstrates class struggle and collision in his play through the ability of his Odysseus who is able to undermine the totalitarian power of the Cyclops (Giannopoulou 13)."

Tags:symbolism, irony, mimeticism, reactionary, nativism, drama

Abstract
The following paper will look at heathenism and at its collision in the twentieth century with the "new-age" Christianity of Sun Myung Moon. The paper will specifically explore the history of "heathenism" within Korea during the pre-modern period (and right up to the dawn of the twentieth century) and the impact that heathenism had upon the culture of that land - to say nothing of the obvious religious effects. From there, the paper will take time to examine the unification church of Sun Myung Moon and its impact upon Korea and the world at large. In the final analysis, Christianity - like the "heathen" religions which preceded it - exercised a powerful influence upon Korean history and Mr. Myung Moon has, in some important respects, come to be the "second coming" of the old Christian missionaries.

From the Paper
Christian heterodoxy: Heathenism and Sun Myung Moon The following paper will look at heathenism and at its collision in the twentieth century with the "new-age" Christianity of Sun Myung Moon. The paper will specifically explore the history of "heathenism" within Korea during the pre-modern period (and right up to the dawn of the twentieth century) and the impact that heathenism had upon the culture of that land - to say nothing of the obvious religious effects. From there, the paper will take time to examine the unification church of Sun Myung Moon and its impact upon Korea and the world at large. In the final analysis, Christianity - like the "heathen" religions which preceded it - exercised

Tags:christian, heterodoxy, heathenism

Abstract
This paper examines the physics of elastic and inelastic collisions and applies this theory to the design of motorcycle helmets. The author discusses the essential features of motorcycle helmets and compares a good design and a bad design.. The paper relates the way motorcycle helmets protect the brain.

From the Paper
"The laws of momentum and energy govern collisions between two objects. A collision occurring in an isolated system conserves the total momentum of the system and so the total momentum of the system after the collision is the same as it was before the ..."

Tags:motorcycle helmets, elastic and inelastic collisions

Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the effectiveness of red light cameras at intersections. It explains how their purpose is to photograph errant drivers breaking the laws of the road so that the offender can be ticketed through the mail. It provides various statistics on the use of these cameras in different States and on accidents that are primarily caused by running a red light. It reviews various pieces of literature on the topic and proposes a study to determine whether there is a direct correlation between the use of red light cameras and the reduction of incidences of major injury collisions at intersections.

From the Paper
"Currently red light runners are on the increase. Recently the characteristics of a driver who will run a red light have been determined. Statistically they are younger in age than those who do not run red lights and they have a higher incidence of poor driver incidences. In addition the drivers who are prone to running red lights are more often than their non red light peers have a history of alcohol abuse in the past. Drivers who run red lights cause 260,000 crashes a year."

Tags:injury, collisions, driver, law, speed, accident

Abstract
This paper explores the ethics of the decision by Ford Motor Company not to redesign and not to recall the Ford Pinto in the 1970s to correct a design flaw in the gas tank that caused these vehicles to explode at relatively low speed rear impact collisions.

From the Paper
"An article in Automotive News notes that in April the Center for Auto Safety petitioned the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to recall Ford Pintos due to defects in the design of the strap on gas tank which made it susceptible to leakage and fire in low speed collisions. The petition was based upon reports from attorneys of three deaths and four serious injuries in such accidents. This petition languished in the NHTSA offices ..."

Tags:Ethics, Ford, Pinto gas tank, deathm injury, fire, liability, cost benefit analysis, criminal liability, civil liability