Abstract This paper discusses the cultural experience specifically identifying artifacts in order to determine the culturalideologies operating at the time of late 1960s and early 1970s.
Abstract The cultural differences in the United States and Canada began after the American Revolutionary period. A plethora of theories exist regarding the rationale behind the variances in culture. Some theorists contend that the Vietnam War created a vast gap between the cultures, while others suggest that the ideologies of rebellion and peace forced the two cultures to become opposing neighbors. Religion, politics and national ideologies encompass the realm of cultural differences that exist between the countries. this paper examines the similarities between Canadian and American cultures that exist despite the many differences that also exist between the cultures.
Abstract The paper discusses how one of the most important issues surrounding cultural anthropology is the effect of culture on the individual and the collective social cognition. This paper presents three positions. The first case demonstrates culture as a contributor to different cognitive processes among individuals within the same society/culture. The second case looks into the role that culture plays in affecting collective decisions on what ideology to choose, maintain and dominate in a particular society/culture. Lastly, the paper examines how an excessive influence of culture over the individual's thought processes lead to the development of more than just a different worldview, but a change in the individual's physical health.
From the Paper "The hypothesis that culture shapes the individual's way of thinking or thought processes is reflected more explicitly with the use of language, language being the most manifest form of culture through a specific code system specifically unique to the culture. However, apart from language, there are also other precursors that develop an individual's cognitive processes. Ultimately, cognitive outcomes include differences in thought processes among individuals, create a solid or collective thought process that becomes the dominant ideology in that specific culture, or it can also translate into more concrete terms by influencing the individual's worldview and physical well-being."
Abstract The paradox of the concept "ideology" is that it is, at one and the same time, both valueless as a descriptive term and of essential importance to any discussion of politics. This essay will explore this paradoxical aspect of the concept of "ideology" in order to illustrate how the concept functions in political and cultural analysis in a modern context.
Abstract This paper examines "Culture and Imperialism" by Edward Said, illustrating imperialism through various modes of culture. The paper outlines Said's explanation that imperialism is an ideology that justifies, supports, and legitimates the conquest, control, and domination of lands that are inhabited by other people, who speak different languages and have other traditions. The paper also describes various literary works of the same time period and claims that Said viewed imperialism as the central theme of European literature in the 19th century.
From the Paper "Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism postulates that imperialism is not about a moment in history, but rather, about a continuing, interdependent relationship between a people and the dominant peoples and the dominant dialogue of an empire. Said sees "the disputed value of knowledge about imperialism . . . (as) a compellingly important and interesting configuration in the world of power and nations. There is no question," he insists, "that in the past decade the extraordinarily intense reversion to tribal and religious sentiments all over the world has accompanied and deepened many of the discrepancies among polities that have continued since . . . the period of high European imperialism.? "
Tags: 19th, century, colonialism, european, history, ideology, literature, traditions
Abstract The paper explains that it is doubtful, given China's history of the past centuries as well as its more recent history under communism since 1949, that nationalism can form the basis of a new, legitimizing ideology. The paper describes Nationalism as a European concept that evolved over centuries with the appearance of the nation-state in Europe. The paper clarifies that nationalism is not simply patriotism, or a sense of shared cultural or linguistic identities. Rather, it is a complex array of responses to the nation-state and to a community of collective memory that a people take pride in and which they feel distinguishes them from others.
Abstract This paper looks at a variety of theories and ideologies including culturist and Marxist. It also considers theoriests like Storey, Gramsci and Fiske for example, while drawing upon their relevence within a post modern society.
From the Paper "Popular culture is an area of great discussion and debate. Raymond Williams claimed "culture" was ?one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.? This essay seeks to discuss issues and theories surrounding its definition, as listed by Williams (but cited in Storey 2001) , whilst bringing in its position within society as defined through different ideologies."
Tags: communication, culturist, hagemony, ideology, journalism, marxism, media, modern, post, social
Abstract This paper integrates several Civil War topics, including the power dynamics of oligarchies in the antebellum South, the authorship and diffusion of pro-slavery ideology, the development and implications of the plantation slavery economy, and an analysis of different explanations for the collapse of the Confederacy, into the thesis that the South's lack of pragmatism and adaptability brought about its defeat. The writer dissects the discourse of James Henry Hammond and John C. Calhoun and presents pro-slavery ideology as a fundamentally conservative reaction to early capitalism that diffused from a planter elite to the Southern masses through the conflation of the Southern identity with the institution of slavery. The industrial and technological stagnation, aristocratic trends, and dependent nature of the Southern economy are weighed as cogent factors in the failure of Confederate resources. The writer explains, using cognitive dissonance theory, how the conflicting elements of Confederate nationalism, such as scriptural fundamentalism, states' rights theory, and pro-slavery discourse, failed to successfully coexist with the reality of slavery and led to problems with strategy, conscription, enlistment, and solidarity.
Paper Outline
I. Introduction
II. Reactionary, Principled Ideology III. Socioeconomic Maladjustment
IV. Confederate Defeat by Tradition and Ideology V. Conclusion
From the Paper "James Henry Hammond, editor of The Southern Times, defended the right to property through scriptural fundamentalism and carried slavery above human criticism by declaring it a biblically sanctioned institution. In order to justify chattel slavery's presuppositions of vindicated human property, proslavery ideology needed to incorporate the priority of slaveholders? right to property over slaves? right to liberty. Hammond provided this by asserting that man's right to "property in man" had been "consecrated" by the Bible. Suggesting a similitude between abolitionism and anti-property radicalism, as did many reactionary Southerners, Hammond anticipated that, after defeating slavery, the property-threatening ideology of antislavery would challenge the capital of the North."
Abstract This paper explores the dangers of cultural fragmentation associated with multi-culturalism, with particular reference to the race riots in northern England in 2000. It also tests the credibility of the new patriotism. The paper concludes that multiculturalism is a reactionary anti-modernist ideology.
From the Paper "One of the more tangible expressions of this focus on national unity has been the Home Office attempt to instil in naturalised immigrants a minimum core of British values, but criticisms of the vacuous content of the citizenship ceremonies, and the awkward fact of the 7/7 suicide bombers impeccably home-grown origins simply return us to the dilemma for which multiculturalism offered a tentative solution .It is a dilemma which has little to do with the attitudes of immigrants, and much to do with the loss of cohesion at the heart of British society, a malaise which the tourist postcard ritualism of the citizenship ceremonies cannot paper over."
Abstract The paper explains that culture is a learned system of beliefs that are personalized and that affect every aspect of a student's life. The paper further explains that culture is expressed through language, which is often particular to the societal group and requires a complete understanding of cultural values to comprehend. The paper shows how these two factors work hand-in-hand to shape the individual's learning and so concludes that both factors must be supported in the classroom.
From the Paper "Culture impacts every child that enters the school system because culture impacts how the child thinks, learns and becomes socialized in the educational community. Because the influences of culture on children begin from the time of birth, the information that affects the child's development is significant and so is the potential for conflict to arise within the classroom. This is because the student has learned to value his or her cultural ideas, which often become completely separate from the social norms expected in schools. Therefore, how culture is embraced or denied in the classroom has the potential to have long term affects on the manner in which the student continues a relationship with learning."
Abstract The paper presents the question of what ideology will best suit China's leaders and citizens in a system in transition that will facilitate China's development in a stable manner. The paper explains that this is a complex question given that the ideology that may best suit China's leaders is not necessarily the same as the one that will best suit its people. This essay thus attempts to answer the question by describing what would be the best ideology for China for the immediate future and the probable ideology given China's current history.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that in recent years, two related and overlapping schools of literary theory have emerged that have offered competing responses to the relationship between Renaissance drama and the political power of Tudor and Stuart Britain. To determine the differences in these perspectives, this paper provides an analysis of Shakespeare's "The Comedy of Errors," Ben Jonson's "The Alchemist," Thomas Kyd's "The Spanish Tragedy" and Heywood's "A Woman Killed with Kindness". The writer looks at these works from the perspective of two modes of criticism or theory, with various criticisms from the new historicist camp and cultural materialist camp being reviewed. An assessment of the complexities of these modes is also provided, taking into account the social, theoretical, and critical movements that informed them. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Shakespeare's "The Comedy of Errors."
Ben Jonson's "The Alchemist."
Thomas Kyd's "The Spanish Tragedy."
Thomas Heywood's "A Woman Killed with Kindness"
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "This relationship between social contract and means of production becomes even clearer when its importance in the community was taken into account, with marriage representing both a socially acceptable framework in which people could live together and have children, it was inextricably related to how people earned their livings and what roles they played in this society. In this regard, Orlin emphasizes that although marriage ceremonies feature prominently in the opening and conclusion of the play, there is a difference between the celebratory nature of the occasion today and the implications the institution had during this period in history. There is no romantic comedy involved in the marriage of John and Anne Frankford, for example, and the opening scene ... "
Abstract In this article, the writer explains that primarily a holiday for and about women, Navaratri celebrates some of the key goddesses in the Hindo pantheon. The writer notes that the holiday lasts for nine full days and nights, and Navaratri literally means "nine nights." The writer discusses that caring for Hindu worshippers during Navaratri poses little ideological conflict and that patients celebrating Navaratri may be able to easily integrate traditional Hindu concepts with modern medicine. The writer maintains that Navaratri can therefore be a tremendous opportunity for enhancing cultural competence. The nine-day celebration focuses on women, too, which offers health care workers and patients the chance to explore their views on gender. The writer concludes that the philosophical principles behind the celebration of Navaratri are entirely compatible with health and healing.
From the Paper "Health care workers can and should familiarize themselves with the Hindu holiday to maximize patient comfort and compliance. However, the holiday is celebrated differently depending on where the patient is from in India. Indians from West Bengal are more likely to worship intensely during the last several days of Navaratri. Some patients may want to fast at some point during the festival; others might want to eat special sweets or say special prayers. So long as fasting and the consumption of small amounts of sweets do not interfere with the patient's overall health then doctors and nurses should permit any and all forms of worship during Navaratri."
Abstract The paper contends that Karl Marx was one of the most innovative and original thinkers who has ever lived and that it certainly shows in this book. The paper describes how Marx sets out to critique German ideology and along with this, German thinkers. The paper depicts how Marx castigates German ideology most severely, essentially accusing it of being divorced from reality.
From the Paper "Karl Marx was one of the most innovative and original thinkers who has ever lived and it certainly shows in this book. Marx sets out to critique German ideology and along with this, German thinkers. He castigates German ideology most severely, essentially accusing it of being divorced from reality. In the course of this critique, he puts forward his own, materialist philosophy of the world. He contrasts his own ideas (which he assumes are entirely correct) with the German ideas (which he assumes are entirely erroneous)."
Abstract This paper explains that Richard Lewontin in his book "Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA" presents a view of science that challenges the popular conception of science as a methodical quest for objective knowledge, which exists outside of the political and social structures of human society. The author points out that the book, which is based on Lewontin's lectures for the 1990 Massey Lectures, focuses on Lewontin's area of scientific specialty biology with a particular emphasis on genetics. The paper relates that the book's component chapters each address and subvert popular myths of science that, for many people, render its practices and practitioners beyond the realm of social and political thought.
From the Paper "Richard Lewontin, in his book Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA, presents a view of science that challenges the popular conception of science as an methodical quest for objective knowledge that exists outside of the political and social structures of human society. This book, based on Lewontin's lectures for the 1990 Massey Lectures, focuses on Lewontin's area of scientific specialty: biology, with a particular emphasis on genetics. The book's component chapters each address, and subvert, popular myths of science that - for many people - render its practices and practitioners beyond the realm of social and political thought."
