Abstract This paper describes the role of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in making sure that the purpose of colleges is not corrupted by the high-dollar sports industry. The paper also describes some of the problems that arise from the NCAA's effort to fulfill that role.
From the Paper "It is important to understand the particulars of the crimes committed before one can properly begin assigning culpability. The University of Alabama has been involved with so many incidents of this nature in the past decade that it would be impractical to visit each one. Alabama is a good model to show the effects of greedy boosters and coaches, because they have an infraction for each category of misconduct under scrutiny. Logan Young of Memphis and two other boosters were involved in several acts of recruiting misconduct involving several Memphis area high school players. (Birmingham1) Young was a wealthy Memphis area booster who prided himself on being a "recruiting junkie", and was in the business of providing the University of Alabama football program with "blue chip" high school athletes. (NCAA)"
Tags: extracurricular, activity, amateur, sports, professional, ranks, leagues, lucrative, industry
Abstract This paper looks at how organized sports offer players an opportunity to meet a variety of students from different backgrounds and how students from public, private, and parochial schools are brought together in a common enterprise, crossing socioeconomic and ethnic lines, so that all players broaden their sense of how other people live. It hypothesizes that males who participate in collegiate athletics have a more positive attitude towards diversity than males who do not participate on collegiate athletic teams. It examines the validity of this statement in an effort to determine how collegiate sports contribute to players? attitudes toward diversity and how this knowledge can improve general notions about diversity. This research question is addressed through a literature review and a questionnaire that samples both male college athletes and non-athletes.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Statement of the Problem
Participation in College Athletics: An Open Door to Diversity
Potential of College Athletic Community's Model of Diversity
Methodology
Discussion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Attitudes toward diversity and the behavior patterns that accompany these attitudes are likely to affect a student's overall adjustment to a higher education facility since they deal with a student's ability to successfully adapt to new surroundings (Astin, 1982). For example, studies reveal that students who had positive interracial experiences had a tendency to feel more confident about their own achievements and had more positive feelings about the academic environment as a whole than students who did not have positive interracial experiences."
Abstract This paper analyzes five efforts to reform collegiate sport programs spanning the 20th century. The paper maintains that few such efforts have been successful due to the commercialized and professional nature of collegiate athletics in U.S. culture. The paper claims that this view of sports at the university-level is detrimental to the pursuit of academic purpose.
From the Paper "The history of collegiate sports reform and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and its influence on academics and athletic reform can be traced to five major sports reform movements during..."
Tags: White House Conference, NCAA, ACE President's Report Handford Report, ethics, academic integrity, sports, athletes
A review of the four types of organizations that can be created and that serve as the basis of the organization's behavior, focusing on Livingston Enterprises.
Abstract This paper describes the organizational behavior of Livingston Enterprises. It discusses the four types of organizations that can be created and that serve as the basis of an organization's behavior - the autocratic philosophy, the custodial philosophy, the supportive organization and the collegial organization. The paper then discusses organizational culture and its affect on a business. Finally, the paper explains that the culture of the collegial organization is the type of organizational culture that Livingston Enterprises must work toward accomplishing in order to achieve their business goals.
From the Paper "Yet, both types of groups have leaders and they have members who believe that they are important elements within the group. However, informal groups can affect formal groups because members of one informal group may be members of many formal groups. Furthermore, if the members of the informal group determine that they are unsatisfied within the company, their attitudes and behaviors will eventually affect all of the organizational members and the informal group will continue to expand (Sims, 2002, p. 168). Therefore, in formal or informal groups there is a need for the group members to be capable of interacting and to share their ideas freely. This action creates a support system for the employees that should also support the organization and promote a positive organizational behavior."
Abstract This paper discusses pros and cons of Title IX. It examines its effect on collegiate athletics and predicted problems with the future. The writer presents problems with proportions and quotas and how the Bush administration addresses this issue.
From the Paper "Passed in 1972, Title IX is a set of federal provisions that seek to level the playing field for both male and female athletes throughout the country. Title IX mandates equal opportunities for participation for both genders in educational programs that receive federal funding. However, from the very beginning this legislation has been involved in a whirlwind of controversy, largely because of the incredible grey area it attempts to sift through. While most of Title IX's critics even agree it is worthwhile, the debate has been in the criterion for and application of the mandates. Now, in light of newly filed lawsuits and a recently formed federal review commission, Title IX is back in the limelight again."
Tags: athletics, college, collegiate, female, funding, legislation, olympics, sports, women
This paper reviews Cohen and Brawer's "The Collegiate Function Of Community Colleges" work about the community colleges' purpose, effectiveness, curriculum, transfer function and social factors.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, 1995, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Arthur M. Cohen and Florence B. Brawer, in "The Collegiate Function of Community Colleges: Fostering Higher Learning Through Curriculum and Student Transfer", describe and analyze the factors shaping the community college "as a link between the lower schools and establishments of higher learning" (xi). As such, the community college is clearly a significant cog in the educational system in the United States, and the representatives and leaders of the community college must be sensitive to the educational realities of those "lower schools" and to the educational needs of those "establishments of higher learning."
Generally, with certain reservations, the authors are optimistic about the community college's fulfillment of this collegiate function: We are encouraged by the way the collegiate connection
Abstract A paper that reveals the foundations for binge drinking on college campus, and what are the specific roots of this problem. By understanding peer pressure, high academic expectations, and lack of parental intervention, we can see the basis for heavy drinking in college.
Abstract This paper discusses the controversial role that Title IX has played in guaranteeing equal opportunities to both genders in high school and collegiate athletics. The paper explains that the topic's justification stems from its almost limitless potential in affording valuable opportunities to athletes who otherwise might have been excluded from participation. It outlines the three main applications of Title IX - the promise to guarantee gender equity of financial assistance to athletic programs, the accommodation of athletic interests and abilities and equal benefits, opportunities and treatment provided to athletes.
From the Paper "From its inception one June 23,1972, Title IX has been subject to much congressional debate and modification, fortunately being upheld and even expanded in the last 27 years. The first substantial threat to Title IX occurred in 1974, with Senator Tower proposed the Tower Amendment, which would "exempt revenue-earning sports from being tabulated" in Title IX compliance data. Although it was defeated, the slight modification of the Javits Amendment, "with respect to intercollegiate activities, reasonable provision considering the nature of participating sports," was approved, thus allowing for provisions of inevitable, slight inequalities with regards to event management. Two more attempts to restrict the extent of Title IX with regards to revenue-producing sports were defeated in 1975, and the same year the Title was signed into law by President Gerald R. Ford. The controversy was reawakened in 1977 when Senators Jesse Helms and Representative Martin called for the repealing of Title IX, but their efforts did not win sufficient support. At the decade's end, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare finally instituted a formal policy to define the function of Title IX, that it listed "an institution's obligation to provide equal opportunities and details the factors to considered in assessing actual compliance." "
Abstract This paper assesses philanthropic and giving trends in recent years, presenting a case study of Circle K International, a collegiate service organization. The paper evaluates Circle K to see how the changing landscape of charity can help address its needs. The author, which spent a year studying Circle K, assesses the organization's strengths and weaknesses and makes strategic recommendations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Brief History of American Philanthropy and Charity
Global Philanthropy Today
Research
The Challenges
The Changing Welfare State
U.S. Developments
International Developments
Globalization
Inefficient Business Practices
The Opportunities
The Changing Face of Philanthropy
New Methods and Models
New Philanthropic Organizations
Corporation Contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility
Research Summary and Case Study Introduction
Case Study and Analysis
Circle K International
Structure
Trends
Assessment
Analysis and Recommendations
Conclusion
Figures
Works Cited
From the Paper "Non-profits have seen a significant evolution in the funding and delivery of their services over the past century. Around the world, as time and the scholarly inquiry of philanthropy have progressed, charity has become increasing integrated into societal structures and human interactions. America's current non-profit sector is a perfect example: billions of dollars and millions of people involved in delivering an increasingly complex and diverse range of services to all walks of life. To cope with and advance upon the new dynamics of wealth, knowledge, and technology, the fundamental organization and operation of charities across the globe is rapidly changing. In this paper I will look at a brief history of charity both domestic and abroad, at the trends and future conditions of the non-profit sector, and at the particular case of Circle K International."
Abstract This paper reviews the debate between the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletics' Association) and black leaders over the discriminatory effect of NCAA Proposition 16. The author points out that the basic conflict is between black coaches and civil-rights leaders vs. college presidents and officials of the NCAA . The paper concludes that the problem lies with the structure and relationship between college and professional level athletics.
From the Paper "The debate over the National Collegiate Athletics' Association's NCAA Proposition raged largely between black coaches and civil-rights leaders versus college presidents and officials of the NCAA. These two groups had faced off before over ..."
Abstract This paper shall address the topic of inter-collegiate athletics in relation to the ADA. The main points that will be examined are the ADA in relation to physical disabilities and inter-collegiate athletics, the ADA in relation to mental disabilities and inter-collegiate athletics and how the inclusion of disabled students in inter-collegiate athletics is affecting the performance of the teams. It is hoped that this examination of the ADA in relation to inter-collegiate athletics will help to demonstrate how the ADA is affecting sports performance in American collegiate athletics.
Abstract This paper looks at the many factors influencing female participation in sports, the benefits to women when they do participate in sports and the factors that discourage women from participating in athletic programs. The paper also examines Title IX's affect on women's participation in sports and looks at the latest trends in women's collegiate sports.
Introduction
Background
Title XI in Relation to Female Athletes in College Settings
Trends in Women's Collegiate Sports
Discouraging Factors
Encouraging Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper "Researchers hypothesized that it is possible for a female athlete to be seen as both feminine and respected for her athletic roles because the issue of her femininity often is separated from the issue of her role as an athlete, thus allowing her to manage stereotypically incompatible identities without conflict (Royce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001). To investigate these hypotheses athletes and nonathletes at a NCAA university were questioned about these issues by both questionnaire and interview."
Abstract This research paper examines the impact sports participation has on self- esteem and a student's sense of self-worth. In particular, this study seeks to determine whether or not a relationship exists between high self-esteem and sports participation, particularly among high school and collegiate students. The paper examines the hypothesis that participation in sports during high school and collegiate years contributes to improved self-esteem. The researcher of the paper combines qualitative analysis of the research with quantitative field examination to prove or disprove this hypothesis.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods
Results
Discussion/Conclusions
From the Paper "There have been numerous studies in recent years that have attempted to evaluate the effects of exercise and sports on one's well being. The results of many of these studies have been controversial. It is important for the medical community and for individuals working with students and the population at large to understand the relationship that exists between sports participation and self esteem. Numerous correlations studies have suggested that a relationship does exist between self esteem and sports."
Abstract The paper discusses the four evolving models defined by Keith Davis; autocratic, custodial, supportive, and collegial. The paper compares these models to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The paper shows the parallels of the need for security with an autocratic management style; the need for belonging and achievement with a custodial and supportive management style; and self-actualization with a collegial style of management. The paper uses this parallel with the 'hierarchy of needs' as a means of illustrating key concepts between the different models of organizational behavior.
From the Paper "Typically in those situations where there is less internal motivation to complete tasks and have a vested personal interest in its outcomes, the autocratic model tends to get results. This is certainly true from the manufacturing growth during the industrial revolution where many workers were struggling for sustenance and the concept of ownership of one's profession was unheard of at the time. Authority and enforcement of productivity and compliance with rules, both societal and from a company's perspective, all contributed to the need for autocratic leadership styles and hence the model being created. The custodial model that focuses on security and passive cooperation on the part of workers and eventually leads them to organizational dependency is contrasted to the autocratic model due to the recognition of the individual value of the contributor or employee. In an autocratic work environment, there is no delineation of worker's unique and valued experiences, unless the work is heavy manual labor and the worker can lift over 100 lbs., yet autocratic leadership sacrifices the individual talents of employees for the accomplishment of a highly defined and often rigid goal that can often only be achieved through manual labor or drudgery."
Abstract This paper discusses the return on college quality and the difficulties in measuring it. The paper examines measurements by five researchers regarding the return students receive on college quality. It summarizes each articles and provides background and evidence for their findings. The paper concludes that there is little evidence of a discriminating way to measure collegiate quality.
Table of Contents:
"Measurements" Related to Collegiate Quality
College Quality and Future Earnings: Where Should You Send Your Child to College?
In Brief
Motivation
Background
Evidence
Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross-Cohort Evidence on the Effects of College Type on Earnings
In Brief
Motivation
Background
Evidence
Estimating the Payoff to Attending A More Selective College: An Application of Selection on Observables And un-observables, (1999)
In Brief
Motivation
Background
Evidence
How Robust is the Evidence on the Effects of College Quality? Evidence from Matching
In Brief
Motivation
Background
Evidence
Determinants of undergraduate GPAs: SAT scores, high-school GPA and high-school rank. (2004)
In Brief
Motivation
Background
Evidence
Discussion
What Matters...
College Considerations
From the Paper "As the study by Cohn, Cohn, Balch and Bradley (2004, 578) was limited to 521 students attending Principles of Economics at Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, the researchers contend it to be inappropriate to generalize their results to the entire student body at their school and/or beyond. The authors propose, one of their most convincing arguments, nevertheless, that as students must complete a course in Principles of Economics, this study serves to provide a fair representation of that group and that ensuing results prove significant in considering the effect of scholarship criteria."
