Abstract This paper explains what Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are, describes their purpose and discusses why there is indeed a need for these institutions, even in twenty-first century America.
From the Paper "In an ideal world, the population of American community colleges would represent the needs of diverse populations of the areas that they served. In this utopia, neighborhoods and cities would consist of citizens from all races and creeds living together without regard for superficial characteristics. However, in reality, segregation remains rampant in most neighborhoods and cities, and as a result, in these microcosms of society."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the increase in the availability of a college education over the past few decades has allowed more and more individuals to attend institutes of higher learning. This has been associated with the need for more individuals to give a great deal of thought to the decision of whether or not to attend college. The writer maintains that by attending college, individuals stand to gain financially by earning higher salaries, as well as by being flexible in their career choices. The writer discusses that on the social level, individuals with college educations gain larger social networks, are more resistant to social pressures, and are more adept critical thinkers than individuals who do not achieve college or university educations. The writer concludes that regardless of what an individual chooses to study at college, whether it be women's studies or engineering or biomedical sciences, the choice to attend college is a wise one, as it will promote higher levels of cognitive functioning and critical thinking.
Outline:
Introduction
The History of Education and College Accessibility
The Recent Increase in College Education Accessibility
Financial Benefits of a College Education
The Increase in Critical Thinking
Resistance to Social Pressure
Increased Size of Social Networks for College Students and Graduates
Conclusion
From the Paper " Obtaining a college education can result in significant financial benefits. While a large number of individuals in today's society will still choose not to attend an institution of higher learning, the advanced technological nature of our living environment has begun to necessitate higher learning to some extent. The advantages of a college education are numerous and range from financial benefits to social and cultural advantages. For many, it is the financial benefits of higher education that encourage their decision to obtain degrees at colleges and universities. Individuals who obtain an undergraduate degree generally earn between 20 and 30 percent more than individuals who do not. Furthermore, individuals who continue on to receive graduate degrees earn 35 to 50 percent more than individuals who only obtained a bachelor's level degree. Thus there are some immense financial incentives to obtaining a college education."
Abstract This paper looks at how a variety of factors influence the curriculum changes at colleges and universities and how the universities must respond to these influences. The paper also compares the regular GPA evaluation and general requirements, major, and electives method, with a more comprehensive and portfolio building approach.
From the Paper "Changes in the requirements of employers in the nature of society and even in fads and trends all influence the design of college curriculum. Colleges and universities must keep pace with the times or suffer from decreased demand for their services, measurable as declining enrollments. Changing a curriculum to address these concerns is made more complex by the fact that colleges are being challenged to devise curriculum reform efforts that enhance their innate capacity to ensure that students graduating or completing a..."
Tags: education, colleges and universities, curriculum reform
A technical report on the impacts of students loans and the job market upon the home buying outlook for individuals once they have graduated from a college or university.
Abstract This paper provides a guide for students entering college, students already in college and for students who are to soon graduate from college. It discusses the environment of the mortgage industry, specifically in relation to the impacts of students loans and the job market upon the home buying outlook for individuals once they have graduated from a college or university. The paper contains graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Terms & Definitions
Education Spending And Federal Financial Aid
Decline In Pay Levels Among College Graduates
The Basics Of Student Loans For College Personal & Professional Risks Of Student Loan Debt
Investigation Of A Program Of Study At A College Or University Funding Mechanisms
Findings Of The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "A better-established network of specialists in lending in the area of student loans has been found in this study to be a necessity that may be provisioned for one student while others do not know they are entitled to assistance in this area of their financial life. It is critically important that the students have the best and most knowledgeable and experienced in the way of lender specialists in designing the loans that the student will take out during each and every year of college in order to attain a college-level degree. Better guidance of these students will result in much less in the way of student loan debt burdens and give these students a better start in their employment and other life initiatives following attainment of a college education."
Abstract The paper discusses how prescription drug abuse is not a major problem in America's colleges and universities. The paper examines how it is not a major problem because colleges do not produce the kinds of conditions that generally lead to the abuse of prescription drugs. The writer proposes that by creating and implementing campaigns, the aim of which is the curtailing of almost all use of prescription drugs, the American government is doing a disservice to those individuals who might truly benefit from the use of these medications. The paper concludes that officials and advocates must not harm the many who need the help of medications and treatment for the sake of those who abuse these medications and treatments.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review:
Nature of the Problem
Prescription Drug Abuse in Colleges and Universities Methods and Materials:
Object of Study
Setting of Study
Participants in the Study
Study Instrument
Results
Conclusion
Summary and Recommendations
Appendix A
References
From the Paper "Abuse of prescription medication in American colleges and universities is a complex issue that can only be understood by first examining the larger matter of prescription drug abuse in the general population. First, it is necessary to define the problem; to understand what amount of misuse constitutes abuse. The numbers themselves are often cited as proof that a major problem exists. According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, there were fewer than half a million first-time users of prescription painkillers in the 1980's, as opposed to more than six million in 2002. (Barolat, 2005) Nonetheless, sheer numbers do not automatically equal a problem. As Barolat notes, there are indeed many people who are in genuine chronic physical pain, and who do require the aid of painkillers to maintain normal levels of day-today functionality."
Abstract This paper discusses the historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU), the postsecondary academic institutions established with the educational purpose to teach African-Americans. The paper examines the psychological, economic and political importance of these institutions. The focus of the paper is on Tuskegee University, its history and what makes this university important in particular.
From the Paper "In a workplace, the significance of scholarly and nourished atmosphere cannot be underrated in forming a stronger base for future success. (Historically Black Colleges - Letters to the Editor) Before the period of 1964, the 'Historically Black Colleges and Universities'- HBCU's, the postsecondary academic institutions were established and its educational purpose was to teach African-Americans. (The Importance of HBCUs) Historically, HBCUs came into being at a time when Black students were mainly barred from other institutions of higher education, and their purpose was to give these students with chances for scholarship and professional training. (Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Their Aspirations & Accomplishments) HBCU's have been a main basis in the growth of the African-American middle class."
Abstract This paper introduces, summarizes and discusses an article by Tim Spindler which looks at how difficult it is for disabled people and the learning disabled to access web pages and other academic material at mid-sized college and university libraries.
From the Paper "The basis of this article reflects the research that has been done in relation to disabled people and their ability to navigate successfully through Internet website pages and other academic educational material in learning facilities. By understanding the various studies that were created to define how many students were suffering limitations and problems with accessing websites in learning centers or libraries, the article commonly reflects the problem of textual comprehension. Also, the issue of schools and libraries making their facilities adaptable for disabled students is a priority in understanding why Internet and visual website access is an important new tool that disabled students must be able to have access in their education. by providing studies, information, and suggestions to web designers and computer assistants at learning centers, this article seeks to understand how limitations..."
Abstract The paper studies the perceptions and realities of female faculty compensation at American colleges and universities. The paper determines that faculty women earn lower salaries than faculty men and they tend to occupy, in noticeably larger proportions, the lower rungs of the academic hierarchy. The paper discusses how disparities in women's pay and promotions are reflections of the wider society's prejudices and preconceptions. The paper recommends that college and university faculty and administrators work together to change views and institute real programs to change these long-established prejudices. The paper includes appendices.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background: Equality and the Workplace
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter 2 : Literature Review
Equality in the Workplace as a Reflection of Equality in Society
Chapter 3: Gender Pay Inequity Among College and University Faculty
Why is Gender Pay Inequity Important?
The Value of One's Work and the Gender Inequality Experience
Chapter 4: Gender Pay Inequity Among College and University Faculty: Belief Vs Reality
The Beliefs
The Realities
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Introduction
Summary
Recommendations
From the Paper "American society has changed dramatically in recent decades, and with it, the American workplace. Age-old assumptions and practices have been given up in favor of new outlooks and techniques. The last third of the Twentieth Century was a time of leveling, a period in which long oppressed groups fought for and, in many cases, gained their rights. Americans on all rungs of the socio-economic ladder looked at, and re-evaluated, the fundamental premises and promises of their nation and society. The United States was a country conceived in liberty, justice, and equality for all, principals that had not always been lived up to; opportunities that had not always been made available to all. After a long and hard struggle, ethnic and religious minorities obtained equality under the law. They fought for and won equal recognition in the voting booth, in the restaurants, clubs, schools, and the workplace. Conscientious citizens looked beyond the obvious minorities and discovered a full half of the American population that was suffering from discrimination. From the beginning, America's women had been denied their right to a full and equal participation in the American dream."
Tags: prejudices, preconceptions, bias, discrimination, salaries, positions, corporate, culture, women
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that instructors in the nursing field at the community college and university levels have different requirements in order to work within their chosen occupations. Those requirements are founded in a historical philosophy of education that is specific to the institutions and that has impacted learning, especially at the community college level. In this essay, an examination of professional development, credentialing and faculty practice is presented, as a means of focusing on these differences in relation to learning. The writer concludes that that there is a vast amount of difference between the requirements of faculty members at the community college and university levels.
Outline:
Introduction
Community College University Conclusion
From the Paper "While not all of the universities in the United States require their faculty members to be practicing in their field, many institutions make demands on their instructors to be practicing professionals. This stipulation is dependent on the university and the requirements determined by the institutional authorities. However, the philosophy behind this mandate is that instructors that work in the field of nursing will be more capable of effectively applying theory to practice, which will increase the learning potential of students. Additionally, when teachers in university systems are practicing in the nursing field, they receive a greater amount of respect from students because students are aware that nursing instructors are successfully functioning as nursing professionals, not merely using a text to share knowledge. "
Tags: teachers, instructors, professional, students
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts universities and colleges in the United States and Britain. It looks at the aims of colleges and universities as well as issues related to admission and enrollment between the two countries. It also compares their enrollment populations. Finally, the paper briefly mentions the continuous rise in competition between UK colleges and American colleges.
From the Paper "American colleges/universities have placement tests to place a student in their rightful academic criteria. For example, a student graduating from high school may decide to enter a university to study or learn about Biology. In order to begin their discipline in Biology and graduate to receive their undergraduate degree, students have to finish core subjects for graduation requirements prior to classes in their degree field. Students have to take a placement test to determine what academic level of core subjects to be taken. This test determines the frame of mindset; sort of speak, of the new college student in order to successfully complete the graduation requirement prior to the degree requirements."
This paper examines what college students can anticipate in the future in relation to the impacts that student loans and the job market will have upon their home purchasing potential following college.
Abstract This research paper provides a guide for students entering college, students already in college, and students who are to soon graduate from college that will inform these individuals of the environment of the mortgage industry. The paper specifically examines the impacts of students loans and the job market upon the home buying outlook for individuals once they have graduated from a college or university. The paper demonstrates that the outlook for students attending colleges under today's provisions of financial aid and student loan programs will create a great burden of debt for these students. It also demonstrates that colleges have overcharged students at exorbitant rates and that the driver for this was the federally guaranteed student loan program.
Outline:
Introduction
Terms & Definitions
Education Spending And Federal Financial Aid
Decline in Pay Levels Among College Graduates
The Basics Of Student Loans For College Personal & Professional Risks Of Student Loan Debt
Investigation of a Program of Study at a College or University Funding Mechanisms
Findings of The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "The work of Franke-Ruta has informed this study that the student who leaves college with a monstrous student loan payment debt that are in fact 'mortgage size' student loan debts. Today's graduates, are stated by Franke-Ruta that while these individuals might have initially started with their eye to the future the graduates of today and grant-based student aid has been pushed out by loan-based student funding. Increasingly rising debts on credit cards among college students is resulting in these student graduating with the highest levels of credit cared and loan debt among those attending four-year colleges and from low-income families."
Abstract In this essay, the writer discusses that sociological theory is of great value in understanding how religious colleges are eventually transformed into fully accredited secular schools. The writer explains that sociology is the study of social behavior. The writer also notes that it examines the behaviors of individuals and organizations and their evolution through their interactions within and outside of their social systems. Further, the writer maintains that the rational choice axiom might offer some insight in the case of the transformation of a college associated with a religious denomination into an accredited secular university; however, other theories might offer additional insight as well.
Abstract The paper examines the Cheryl Hopwood case where a young white woman applied to the University of Texas Law School and was denied admission. The paper shows that four years later Hopwood, along with four other plaintiffs, filed a lawsuit against the University of Texas Law School for reverse discrimination. This paper provides specific reasons that support race-based admissions for colleges and universities. The paper points to the educational benefits students receive when they attended a diverse college.
From the Paper "Another educational benefit to college students is that studies have shown that a diverse campus contributes to better academic outcomes. In 1999, Gurin conducted a study of the educational benefits of college students who attended a diverse college campuses. Gurin found that White students, as well as minority students, reported higher levels of "diverse ideas and information" (10). Gurin also found in his study that students from diverse college campuses were more likely to show growth in their "active thinking processes" (10). That is, college students from diverse campuses scored higher test scores in complex thinking and social thinking than those from a more homogenous college campus. These students also had "higher levels of intellectual engagement and motivation" (21). Lastly, these students were more likely to aspire to go to graduate school (23). As seen in Gurin's study, college students from diverse campuses gained educational benefits."
Abstract This paper discusses the current state of college newspapers and the challenges that face their continued existence. The paper begins with a discussion of how university policies support or inhibit student newspapers. Next, the paper studies the specific issue of censorship and its impact on academic freedom. The paper then turns to an evaluation of the quality of college newspapers, focusing on examples of particular high-level journals.
From the Paper "This is against the principle of education promoting academic freedom which ensures the liberty of students and the staff to make statements even if the statements are viewed as being untrue or one-sided. One does not deny that untrue and defamatory writings have no value in terms of free speech, but the students have to be taught that they have the liberty to have their own opinion, and express them in the student publications in the right manner. This has to be accepted, especially if the student magazines permit anonymous publications. Also, if anonymous publications are permitted, then certainly students cannot be punished for such articles. (Censorship of College Student Newspapers) One can clearly see that the biggest reason for all the legal problems has been the difficulty in adjusting with each other, and one has to realize that both the students and their teachers have to accept adjustments in their thought and behavior when they work together in a college."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that college students all over the world spend many hours completing assignments and maintaining their social life. The writer points out that these long hours often require the student to borrow time from sleep in order to complete all their tasks and continue their social life. The writer maintains that this is unfortunate for the student, community and university because this borrowed time from sleep reduces a student's awareness and productivity. The writer discusses that what many students do not realize is that sleep deprivation can lead to serious medical issues, failing grades, mental issues and in some extreme case, even death. The writer argues that that education about sleep deprivation should be offered in universities and should also be monitored by peers and families.
From the Paper "First and foremost, it must be determined that the student is not suffering from a sleep related disorder. There is a difference between choosing to forego sleep the inability to sleep. If a student has trouble falling asleep or staying asleep without outside interruptions on a consistent basis they should seek medical treatment. There are other symptoms of sleep disorders such as headaches upon waking, loud snoring and feeling of tiredness even though a full eight hours of sleep was obtained. If the student chooses to stay at a party until 3 AM and is exhausted the next morning it can safely be assumed that the cause is not a sleep disorder but any inflicted measure. On the other hand if the student went to bed at a descendant time and woke the next morning feeling tired and un-rested the student could be suffering from a sleep disorder. There are a number of medications and treatments that can alleviate the symptoms of sleep disorders. A visit to a medical physician can confirm whether or not the student may have a sleep disorder and they can begin treatment accordingly."
