Abstract
This paper explains what Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are, describes their purpose and discusses why there is indeed a need for these institutions, even in twenty-first century America.

From the Paper
"In an ideal world, the population of American community colleges would represent the needs of diverse populations of the areas that they served. In this utopia, neighborhoods and cities would consist of citizens from all races and creeds living together without regard for superficial characteristics. However, in reality, segregation remains rampant in most neighborhoods and cities, and as a result, in these microcosms of society."

Tags:segregation, post-secondary, academic, institutions, community, junior, colleges, four-year, public, private

Abstract
The paper discusses how prescription drug abuse is not a major problem in America's colleges and universities. The paper examines how it is not a major problem because colleges do not produce the kinds of conditions that generally lead to the abuse of prescription drugs. The writer proposes that by creating and implementing campaigns, the aim of which is the curtailing of almost all use of prescription drugs, the American government is doing a disservice to those individuals who might truly benefit from the use of these medications. The paper concludes that officials and advocates must not harm the many who need the help of medications and treatment for the sake of those who abuse these medications and treatments.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review:
Nature of the Problem
Prescription Drug Abuse in Colleges and Universities
Methods and Materials:
Object of Study
Setting of Study
Participants in the Study
Study Instrument
Results
Conclusion
Summary and Recommendations
Appendix A
References

From the Paper
"Abuse of prescription medication in American colleges and universities is a complex issue that can only be understood by first examining the larger matter of prescription drug abuse in the general population. First, it is necessary to define the problem; to understand what amount of misuse constitutes abuse. The numbers themselves are often cited as proof that a major problem exists. According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, there were fewer than half a million first-time users of prescription painkillers in the 1980's, as opposed to more than six million in 2002. (Barolat, 2005) Nonetheless, sheer numbers do not automatically equal a problem. As Barolat notes, there are indeed many people who are in genuine chronic physical pain, and who do require the aid of painkillers to maintain normal levels of day-today functionality."

Tags:painkillers, Federal, regulators, Drug, Enforcement, Agency, Bush, White, House, Office, National, Drug, Control, Policy

From the Paper
"The Role of Public HBCUs in the Higher Education System


This paper will discuss the role played by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in higher education in the United States. The position of this paper is that HBCUs continue to play an important role in the higher education system in this country, despite the process of desegregation which began forty years ago. The first part of the paper will examine HBCUs under four organizational theories. The second part of the paper will discuss the underlying assumptions and issues involving the continuing existence of HBCUs. The third part of the paper will look at some of the data concerning the positive effect HBCUs have on black students. The final part of the paper will summarize the opposing arguments concerning HBCUs and present an argument in favor of the continued existence of HBCUs."

Abstract
The paper discusses community policing neighborhood watch programs that aim to deter crime in their neighborhoods and identifies the major principles that distinguish community policing from conventional law enforcement. The paper points out the goals of campus watch as well as the impact of community service and volunteering on students. Finally, the paper looks at strategies for university and college campus public safety and highlights the benefits of colleges and universities developing a multidisciplinary crisis management team.

Outline:
Community Policing Neighborhood Watch Programs
Major Principles of the Program
College and University Partnerships
Student Volunteers
Strategies for University and College Campus Public Safety
A Multidisciplinary Approach

From the Paper
"As already stated previously in this review community policing "supports the systematic use of partnerships." (Community Policing Dispatch, 2008) College and university campuses are stated to be a "rich source of volunteers for law enforcement agencies in higher education settings. Despite being an inherently transient population, the university community can help their campus police departments provide valuable crime prevention and public safety services." (VIPS in Focus, 2009) The College of Lake County Illinois reports that the goals of campus watch are: (1) to encourage extensive community involvement in the reduction of crime and criminal activity; (2) to provide a forum for the exchange and coordination on ideas, concepts and strategies to prevent or reduce crime; (3) to educate members of the College community in crime prevention matters; (4) to focus attention on all issues relating to crime prevention; (5) to share with all segments of the campus community and the campus watch organization matters relating to the continued development of a comprehensive plan for the prevention of crime; (6) to encourage the education of all members of the community in matters which increase personal and community safety; and (7) to encourage maximum cooperation and communication between all community members and the Campus Safety Department toward the goal of crime prevention. (College of Lake County, Illinois, 2008)"

Tags:safety, security, crime, campus

Abstract
The paper reveals that students in college are at significant risk of developing habitual substance abuse at some time in their college enrollment, and discusses how the risk increases based on relationships and prior abuse patterns and may or may not be related to one's role as an athlete. The paper discusses how trends in substance abuse suggest that the prevention and treatment of the issue may rely on increased restrictions, drug testing, and supervision. However, the paper argues that much of the research in this area is not recent, so newer and additional research is needed before drawing additional conclusions.

From the Paper
"It is a fact that college students and their alcohol and drug use are almost inevitably linked, at least in the minds of the general public. Prospective students rate educational institutions not only for their value in terms of academics, but also in terms of their reputation as being "party" schools. As a result, alcohol and drug use are an ever present force in college students' lives. Even though the presence of drugs on campuses might be a constant, the manner in which they are present is inconsistent. The trends that are seen in student drug use can lead to policy changes, both on and off campus."

Tags:college, substance, abuse

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses that sociological theory is of great value in understanding how religious colleges are eventually transformed into fully accredited secular schools. The writer explains that sociology is the study of social behavior. The writer also notes that it examines the behaviors of individuals and organizations and their evolution through their interactions within and outside of their social systems. Further, the writer maintains that the rational choice axiom might offer some insight in the case of the transformation of a college associated with a religious denomination into an accredited secular university; however, other theories might offer additional insight as well.

Tags:university, religious, transformation

Abstract
This paper looks at the many factors influencing female participation in sports, the benefits to women when they do participate in sports and the factors that discourage women from participating in athletic programs. The paper also examines Title IX's affect on women's participation in sports and looks at the latest trends in women's collegiate sports.

Introduction
Background
Title XI in Relation to Female Athletes in College Settings
Trends in Women's Collegiate Sports
Discouraging Factors
Encouraging Factors
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Researchers hypothesized that it is possible for a female athlete to be seen as both feminine and respected for her athletic roles because the issue of her femininity often is separated from the issue of her role as an athlete, thus allowing her to manage stereotypically incompatible identities without conflict (Royce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001). To investigate these hypotheses athletes and nonathletes at a NCAA university were questioned about these issues by both questionnaire and interview."

Tags:college, status, respect, approval, gender, role, conflict, masculine, aggressive

Abstract
Community colleges traditionally offer two-year degrees. This paper explores the possibility, costs, advantages and disadvantages of these same colleges offering four-year degrees as well. It discusses accreditation, student make-up and college classification.

From the Paper
"Recently, the post-secondary educational market has seen many changes. Recent years have seen the advent of on-line schools, distance learning and a variety of two-year and community colleges have appeared on the market place. Many two-year community colleges currently offer transfer programs into four-year degree programs. Attending a two-year community college to complete the general requirements of a four-year degree program is quite cost effective. There are also several pitfalls, such as accreditation differences between the two programs. As a result, many times students waste valuable time and money in having to repeat work already completed at the two-year program because the four-year program will not accept the credits. For many students the idea of attending a four-year program is not possible because of cost restraints, yet they still wish the benefits afforded by a four-year degree. This raises an important question, should community colleges offer four-year degrees?"

Tags:education, program, university, course, institution

Abstract
An explanation of how community colleges play a vital role in education today. It explains that they offer up to two years of college to students who might not otherwise be able to afford four years of college. It also states that they are convenient, located in the community so students can continue with the rest of their lives, including where they live and jobs they may currently hold.

From the Paper
"In the process, community colleges have opened the doors to college for all sectors of society. When the first community college was founded, four-year colleges tended to be elitist. Only students who came from well-to-do families could afford college, and many admitted males but not females (Walker, 2001). Community colleges made at least some college education available to all, including those with little money, those with family obligations that prevented them from going away to college, those with shaky academic records, and even those in need of remedial education in order to succeed in college (Walker, 2001). Since the end of World War II and the G.I. Bill, the age of college graduates has crept upwards. In 1970, only 10% of recent college graduates were age 24 - 34. However, in 1999, that group had grown to 21% (Erdman, 2000)."

Tags:university, study, society

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts universities and colleges in the United States and Britain. It looks at the aims of colleges and universities as well as issues related to admission and enrollment between the two countries. It also compares their enrollment populations. Finally, the paper briefly mentions the continuous rise in competition between UK colleges and American colleges.

From the Paper
"American colleges/universities have placement tests to place a student in their rightful academic criteria. For example, a student graduating from high school may decide to enter a university to study or learn about Biology. In order to begin their discipline in Biology and graduate to receive their undergraduate degree, students have to finish core subjects for graduation requirements prior to classes in their degree field. Students have to take a placement test to determine what academic level of core subjects to be taken. This test determines the frame of mindset; sort of speak, of the new college student in order to successfully complete the graduation requirement prior to the degree requirements."

Tags:qualifications, diploma, graduation, academic