Abstract A brief argumentative paper which presents the views of sportscolleges in Nevada wanting to allow for legalized gambling on its campus. The paper shows that even though gambling is legal throughout the State, if legislation comes into effect, it could put an end to gambling on campus all together. The writer examines the pros and cons of such a law.
From the Paper "In Nevada sports books, gambling on college sports is currently allowed for every team in the nation, except Nevada's own college teams. Legislators have proposed new laws that would outlaw gambling on any college sports. This would affect Nevada's economy in a wide variety of ways.
"For the year 2001, total gaming revenue in the State of Nevada totaled $9,468,598,681. Of that total, "More than one-half of total General Fund [$105.85 million] spending is targeted for education. Of that, $1.2 billion represents the State's General Fund obligation to the Distributive School Account, the funding mechanism through which State monies are distributed to school districts" (Comeaux). The amount budgeted for education in the 2001-2003 biennium is $2,000.3 million dollars, half of which is $1,000,150, which is 10.5 percent of the annual gaming revenue."
Abstract Th is paper examines problems of mayhem following collegesports. The author relates that some of the causes are underage drinking and people throwing items onto the field. The paper reviews the problem of incitement by bad language used by coaches and players.
From the Paper "Violence and mayhem following college sporting events have become increasingly commonplace in recent years. This research examines three problems associated with such violence including underage drinking ..."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of gender and racial discrimination in sport both at college as well as professional level. It attempts to dispel the myths regarding women equality and meritocracy in sports, such that women earn through professional as well as collegesports as much as their male counterparts. It examines the struggles involving women recognition in sports through the history of basketball which evolved in 1891 but only allowed women players in 1971 and the differences in women participation in collegesports and professional sports. The paper also outlines the racial desegregation of college and professional sports, bringing out the similarities and the differences to that of gender bias.
From the Paper "Though women face various challenges in the name of discrimination in sports oriented activities and career advancements, women in college sports face less resistance due to the fact that at college level, friendships and relationships are more sound and meaningful than at a professional level where shrewd politics dominate the sports scenario and extreme resistance is faced by women who are professional athletes. Moreover, in college sports, due to combined activities, women get more or less the same facilities and coaching aid that their male friends receive. Alternately, women athletes on a professional level are struggling hard to receive better or equal facilities than men athletes."
Abstract This paper discusses the tremendous growth of participation in amateur athletic events over the past few decades in terms of their scope, power and economic status and that in the United States alone, amateur athletics involve the lives and athletic experiences of people from their childhood through high school and college and beyond. This paper also discusses how high school and collegesports are one of the most popular and important aspects of academic life today and that the camaraderie and fellowship that can emerge among sports players can possibly last a lifetime. The focus of this paper is on a disturbing trend towards violence in sports that has emerged in recent years. While injuries and mishaps can reasonably be expected to take place in any sporting event, there is frequently a fine distinction between intimidating tactics and violence that can result in serious injuries on the sporting field.
From the Paper "While violence in collegiate sports has received much attention in recent years, a less publicized problem also exists. College athletes are highly popular figures on campus and in communities, but they are being unfairly treated in terms of how they are compensated for their efforts. While the performance of these student athletes on the field or court provides millions of dollars in revenue for universities, these students receive only their scholarships (usually comprised of tuition, room, and board), but no spending money. Furthermore, under current NCAA regulations, these student athletes are prohibited from even working part-time during the season. "Athletes have been caught trying to make money by getting loans from coaches and advisers," the author says, "selling the shoes and other gear they get as team members, taking allowances from agents, and getting paid for no-show summer jobs provided by jock-sniffing alumni--all violations of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules" (38). "
Tags: non, sporting, events, athletes, students, teams, coaches, drugs
Abstract This paper questions whether collegesports players deserve to be paid for their contribution to the college or not. It looks at whether the athletes would benefit from the pay incentive or whether the entire nature of collegesports would be altered by the monetary compensation being offered.
From the Paper "But there are ways to let the athletes in on the profits without involving the colleges. Simply allow the athletes to earn money off their talents from outside sources. That means nothing more than granting athletes the same financial rights all other students already posses. Other students can make money in their respective fields while in school, why can't athletes? If a school can receive a percentage of all apparel sold with the team logo on it, why can't players get a cut of T-shorts bearing their name, number or likeness? If a coach can appear as paid "expert analyst", why can't a player? If a coach can endorse a favorite restaurant, why can't a player? If a coach can strike a deal with a shoe company, why can't a player. After all, players, not coaches wear the shoes. So it stems to reason that players, not coaches, should receive the money."
Abstract Jeremy Bloom, a football player at the University of Colorado, was ruled ineligible to play for the team because he had accepted paid endorsements for professional skiing. The NCAA was the one that made the ruling, and they determined that anyone who is paid for endorsements is not allowed to play in collegesports. This paper explains that there is some discussion and dissent as to whether this should be the ruling in cases like Bloom's, since the sport that he received paid endorsements for was distinctly and clearly separate from the sport that he played at the University of Colorado. It shows that there has been much discussion into this issue because there are those that are very serious about whether this ruling was accurate, and there are two sides to the argument, both of which are dealt with in this research.
Outline
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Problem
Review of Related Literature
Discussion of Source Materials
Body of the Report
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Naturally, this is very important to Jeremy Bloom but there are bigger considerations as well. The ruling that the NCAA has regarding this type of paid endorsement and all of the other rulings that the NCAA has regarding college athletes affect not only Bloom but thousands of individuals that attend college across the United States and play sports as well. Most of these individuals are not affected by this particular ruling because they are not competent in another sport to the point where they are being offered endorsement money for professional things."
Abstract This paper reviews the debate between the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletics' Association) and black leaders over the discriminatory effect of NCAA Proposition 16. The author points out that the basic conflict is between black coaches and civil-rights leaders vs. college presidents and officials of the NCAA . The paper concludes that the problem lies with the structure and relationship between college and professional level athletics.
From the Paper "The debate over the National Collegiate Athletics' Association's NCAA Proposition raged largely between black coaches and civil-rights leaders versus college presidents and officials of the NCAA. These two groups had faced off before over ..."
Abstract In this article the writer analyzes four different legal issues related to sports in four short essays. The writer discusses the subjects of sports team names, athletes with disabilities, compensation for student athletes and amateurism in intercollegiate sports.
From the Paper "The New Hampshire State Board of Education recently originated a resolution banning the use of Indian mascots within public schools. In the resolution, the Board stated no matter how well or meaning their intentions, their actions may be offensive and harmful to some and therefore need to be eliminated. Temporarily leaving aside the First Amendment, which protects the right of offensive speech to be expressed, the idea of offensiveness is wrongly applied by the Board's decision. School mascots are usually a symbol of school ... "
Abstract This paper examines how sports play an important role in our society and an even greater role within a college campus, not only as a team-building and positive force in the social life of students, but as a tradition in education. It looks at how most universities and colleges in the United States have an integrated sports program, ranging from the NCAA divisions to intramurals. It also shows how, in universities and colleges within the NCAA divisions, sports programs are just not a sidebar to college entertainment, but host scholarships and contribute to the finances of the college.
From the Paper "Within the educational institution, students may vary in placing student-athletes on pedestals or in the dog-house depending on their performance, or view them with animosity because of the so-called "perks" and "easy breeze through college" it is perceived that student-athletes have. They are considered to be egotistical and elitist because they are unable to fraternize with the rest of the student body, or are subjected to strict NCAA guidelines regarding parties and daily routines during a season, which in some cases could include unusual or abusive routines from their coaches who will "use various means to control their athletes, such as having midnight practices after the team returns from a disappointing loss" (Eitzen)."
Abstract In this essay, the writer notes that as the January college football bowl season begins, talk will inevitably resurface about the millions of dollars in appearance fees that universities are paid to play in these games, and how none of that money makes its way to the players. The writer points out that the issue of paying Division I college athletes has been discussed for years, and seems to come to the forefront of national sports and higher education dialogue when big-money games like football bowls are played, or when players are sanctioned for illegally taking money from boosters. The writer maintains that as long as collegesports continue to bring in big money, the notion of paying college athletes will persist. The writer concludes that the goal of college athletics should not be to provide modest compensation to athletes for four years - it should be to allow young people to pursue their degrees while playing sports.
Outline:
Athletics are not Cash Cows
Making Scholarships More Meaningful
Conclusion
From the Paper "One of the problems with the argument for paying student athletes is that a key tenet of the argument -- that universities make millions off of their athletics programs -- is not universally true. In fact, many schools have growing deficits. Big-time sports schools such as the University of Michigan or Ohio State may make millions from their football teams and basketball teams, but for every Michigan there is a Middle Tennessee State or a Florida International, whose football team posted a record of 0-12 this year. There are many football and basketball teams that do not sell out their arenas or receive lucrative television or radio contracts, and paying their athletes would be a significant burden. Even a small stipend for all athletes would add to these growing financial deficits."
This paper examines the lack of equality between the sexes that exists not only in the workforce, but in various areas of sports and athletics as well.
Abstract This paper explores the normally male dominated field of sports and athletics and the lack of equality between the sexes in this area. The writer of this paper contends that in most instances, equality of opportunity between the genders is mandated by U.S. law. This paper examines the Equal Employment Opportunity Act which is the major legislation mandating equality in employment as well as Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments that mandates a move toward equality in collegesports. This paper focuses on the career of jockey Julie Krone who was inducted into the Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame in 2000. The writer discusses Krone's battle with prejudice in a male-dominated field, that had at one time gotten her so depressed she had contemplated suicide. This paper details the various laws and achievements of exceptional women have struggled to bring about true equality in the field of sports. This paper also contains the text of two published articles regarding women and sports, that were used in researching this paper.
Outline:
Sports Equality at the College Level
Equality in Sports Professions
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "Krone made it in a man's sport and profession; it would be logical that other women would have followed in her footsteps. If one were to gauge the possibilities on the basis of a 1985 National Geographic production, The Ballad of the Irish Horse, one might think of equine sports and professions as the perfect place for women to break into a man's world. The father of a junior rider who competes in pony races, with betting and purses and all, said he didn't particularly like his teenaged daughter exposed to the dangers, but she loved it so much and was so good at it, he didn't have the heart to stop her. In the same production, there is also a women veterinarian at the Irish National Stud, breeder of many of the world's great race horses, and a segment on Lady Anne Hemphill, founder of Pony Club in Ireland, an organization to which many equine professionals once belonged."
Tags: women, gender, rights, equality, julie, krone, law
Abstract This paper looks at the many factors influencing female participation in sports, the benefits to women when they do participate in sports and the factors that discourage women from participating in athletic programs. The paper also examines Title IX's affect on women's participation in sports and looks at the latest trends in women's collegiate sports.
Introduction
Background
Title XI in Relation to Female Athletes in College Settings
Trends in Women's Collegiate Sports Discouraging Factors
Encouraging Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper "Researchers hypothesized that it is possible for a female athlete to be seen as both feminine and respected for her athletic roles because the issue of her femininity often is separated from the issue of her role as an athlete, thus allowing her to manage stereotypically incompatible identities without conflict (Royce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001). To investigate these hypotheses athletes and nonathletes at a NCAA university were questioned about these issues by both questionnaire and interview."
This paper examines the use of steroids in sports, while citing several cases in the areas of professional, college and high school athletics across the U.S.
Abstract This paper explores the issue of steroid use in sports which is not only a problem in the professional circuit, but has crept its way into high schools and colleges across the nation. The writer of this paper focuses on the use of steroids in these areas while examining the various solutions to this growing problem. This writer details the current professional sports climate which does little to help this situation. Kids see athletes as role models and when they see them using steroids, they perceive it as an endorsement. This paper defines steroids as a medicine synthesized to perform like human hormones, mostly testosterone and to a lesser extent human growth hormone. The writer discusses the current punishments for steroid use, which are lenient by expert standards. This paper examines the various efforts to stop the use of steroids in sports. The writer contends that the underlying path to stopping the use of steroids in sports will come when the young athletes are stopped and held accountable for their actions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Why it is Happening
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Currently the punishments for steroid use are lenient by expert standards. A professional baseball player has to be caught four times before anything serious happens to him. The first infraction can get a 10 day suspension, while subsequent uses can get up to a quarter of as season on the bench. This sends the message to young sports enthusiasts that the use of illegal steroids is not that big of an issue.
One of the first things that needs to be done to stop the use of steroids is to change the public perception of winning and the importance of doing so. As long as children and adults are being conditioned that winning at all costs is acceptable steroid use is going to be an issue in sports."
Abstract Examines athletes as problem gamblers. Provides a history of gambling. Discusses mob-connected, organized control of sports betting and the growing link between organized crime and college athletics.
From the Paper ""If there's competition involved, you can bet that you can bet on it" is a quote from Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill). Hyde is chairman of the United States House of Representatives and Chairman of the committee ..."
