Abstract
The paper looks closely at the book "Profit Without Honor: White-Collar Crime and the Looting of America" by Rosoff, Pontell and Tillman and asserts that the book is a testament to the need for dramatic change in the government to gain control of white-collar crime. The paper discusses the authors' contention that white-collar crime, especially in accounting and auditing, continues despite many efforts by law enforcement agencies and government officials. The paper agrees with Rosoff, Pontell and Tillman that white-collar crime is as affecting and malicious as other forms of crime and should be addressed appropriately.

From the Paper
"Rosoff, Pontell & Tillman address the subject of fraud and white-collar crime in their work, Profit Without Honor: White-Collar Crime and the Looting of America. This book provides the reader with an overview of the many types of white collar crimes occurring in the States including fraudulent actions in accounting and auditing. Rosoff, Pontell & Tillman (2004) note how history is infamous for showing the many ways that institutions can create, distribute and store money, and how easy it is for employees to gain access to that money. The manner in which money is stored according to the authors, is partly to blame for the "evolution" of white-collar crime as they refer to it."

Tags:law, enforcement, scams, blue-collar

Abstract
The paper highlights white collar crime's pernicious effects, offers a serviceable definition of it, delineates some of the neglected victims of white collar crime, and finishes up by looking at how an attorney might argue, despite public pressure to the contrary, that deregulation of the business sector is a good thing even in the face of numerous allegations of corporate fraud and embezzlement. The paper shows how America's response to white collar crime is not without flaws, but the system works passably well - and is certainly more practical than any audacious attempt to wholly eradicate secretive white collar crime.

Tags:victims, white, collar

Abstract
This paper discusses white-collar crime. The essay argues that William J. Chambliss' theories offer a useful tool to understand white collar crime as systemic rather than as the result of individual moral lapses. The paper discusses these theories in detail, such as his view that white-collar crime is a result of capitalist societies.

From the Paper
"White Collar Crime White-collar crime is crime that is committed by corporations, or by salaried, professional individuals, or by people in business. It is non-violent, but it accounts for far greater financial losses than does street crime, and indeed is a far more serious problem. William J. Chambliss maintains that white-collar crime is a direct result of the capitalist societies in which it flourishes."

Tags:white, collar, crime

Abstract
In this paper, the writer analyzes the various aspects of lack of criminal accountability in regards to government deregulation and white-collar identity in America. The writer discusses that by realizing the scope of governmental and corporate collusion in deregulating laws that make corporations accountable for white-collar crime, the identities of those responsible are often abstracted by the private business institutions and legal ambiguities they represent. Furthermore, the writer maintains that the perception of the immaterial nature of items being stolen from companies also plays a part in decreasing the liability for corporate elites to be prosecuted in a court of law.

Tags:white, collar, crime

Abstract
This paper discusses why a white-collar job offers workers much more than just prestige.

From the Paper
"Is prestige enough of a reason to get a white-collar job? Actually, no. There are several more important reasons that a white-collar job is better than a blue-collar job. A white-collar job accomplishes greater things for people, it generally provides a better living for the worker and his family and it is far more likely to result in better jobs for others as well as for the worker. A white-collar job accomplishes greater things for people because white-collar jobs influence economic factors and employment as..."

Tags:blue collar, white collar, job, prestige

Abstract
The paper reveals that there are builders, bankers, and real estate agents that are part of a white-collar apparatus that can illegally disenfranchise homeowners to whom they are said to represent. The paper discusses how due to this often-interconnected group of people involved in making a sale, there is often critical conflicts of interest that arise when these types of criminals are caught.

Tags:white, collar, crime

Abstract
This paper discusses how the existing stereotype of a white-collar offender as a high-ranking executive may be flawed. The demographics of white-collar offenders suggest most of them are middle-class white males. It looks at the theories as to why such people would commit these crimes and explains that most theories center on the rational-choice decision making process because of the protracted and diligent nature of white-collar crimes. It further discusses how, within the white-collar inmate community, there also appear to be two separate pathways to white-collar crime: one marked by previous run-ins with the law before turning to white-collar crime, and the other one marked by no run-ins with the law.

From the Paper
"White-collar crime has gained increased notoriety in recent years with the downfall of Enron, WorldCom, and insider trading by Martha Stewart. Despite its increased awareness in the public, its etiology is not well known. One of the main reasons for criminologists' naivete regarding white-collar crime is the lack of scientific research on the topic. The relative lack of data arises from an array of political, sociological, penological, and funding issues. The data that is available to researchers indicates that the existing stereotype of white-collar crime offenders is flawed."

Tags:data, crime, white, male

Abstract
The paper examines the various sentences handed down for white collar crimes and illustrates how those that commit white-collar crimes are less likely to be incarcerated than those that commit conventional crimes. The paper explains that white-collar crime has not attracted the same attention in western society as conventional crime. The rate of recidivism for white-collar criminals and the difficulty in establishing rehabilitation programs for white collar criminals is also examined. In light of these findings, the paper contends that greater public awareness is needed to develop the political will to deal with such crime and change the criminal law to make prosecution easier.

Outline:
Introduction
White Collar Crime
Sentences
Incarceration: State vs. Other Institutions
Recidivism
Rehabilitation
Summary

From the Paper
"Prosecutors do not have the resources to deal with white-collar criminals that are investigated by the police and brought before the courts. Those criminals that do get to court appear before judges that relate to them and have difficulty convicting and sentencing them to incarceration. Any periods of incarceration are usually of a short period of time and in minimal security facilities. Of course there are exceptions but generally conventional crime is treated more harshly. Rehabilitation is usually not an option for model prisoners who are not suited for addiction and anger management programs."

Tags:recidivism, rehabilitation, prosecution, convictions

Abstract
This paper presents examples of white collar crime in the US such as the Enron scandal and Dennis Levine, as well as many less-known incidents. Contained in the paper are descriptions of studies done on the subject and includes discussion on the founder of the National White Collar Crime Center, Edwin Sutherland, who also coined the term "white collar crime." The paper includes statistics on the effects of, loss from, punishment for, and incidents of white collar crime in several different areas. It also includes many citations and explanations on the type of punishment received by white collar criminals.

From the Paper
"Two other large names associated with white collar and corporate crime are Dennis Levine and Michael Milken. They were involved in the notorious insider trading scandal of the 1980's. As executives of the Wall Street firm Drexel Burnham Lambert, Levine and Milken had access to information about company mergers and future changes in stock prices before it was released to the public. Trading on this information is highly advantageous, but illegal. After agreeing to a plea bargain, Levine served a two-year sentence at a minimum security prison and paid $11.6 million in restitution and fines, although in his book Inside Out, Levine contests that his profits were only $10.6 million."

Tags:challenger, corruption, fraud, FBI

Abstract
This paper explains that white-collar crime has the potential to cause billions of dollars in losses to both corporations and individuals; as businesses go bankrupt because of illegitimate operations practices, individuals suffer economic losses that have the potential to be devastating. The author points out that, motivated primarily by financial gain, white-collar offenders have become increasingly savvy, thanks to the internet and other avenues, which allow acquisition of otherwise private information. The paper relates that legislation which includes lengthening jail terms for offenders has been enacted in an effort to deter white-collar criminals; however, many people suggest that longer jail terms are not enough to deter criminals, and instead, imposing larger severe fines is the best way to deter and prevent future activity.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Issues
Review of Literature
Overview/Causes
Identity Theft
Internet Fraud
Other White-collar Crimes
Deterring and Preventing White-collar Crimes
Specific Prevention Measures
Findings
Conclusions

From the Paper
"What is white-collar crime? The term, coined in 1939 defines crime as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation." White-collar crime is usually associated with criminal activity that is non-violent. The motivation is usually financial gain. White-collar offenders usually 'scam' or deceptively acquire finances through corporations or by obtaining the personal financing material of individuals. Common white-collar offenses according to the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University include: Anti-trust violations, computer/internet fraud, credit card fraud, phone/telemarketing, bankruptcy fraud, financial fraud, tax evasion, insider trading, bribery, money laundering and embezzlement among others."

Tags:financial, scams, mortgage, internet, jail