From the Paper
"Steffensmeier, Streifel and Shihadeh (1992) have noted that:
Involvement in crime generally diminishes after adolescence, implying that fluctuations in the age composition of a population may have a significant impact on overall crime rate. (p. 306)

The authors provide an example in the dramatic increases in the rates of serious crime in American observed during the 1960s being linked to the rise in babies associated with the post-World-War II "baby boom." Similarly, they note that the fact that these rates leveled off in the 1980s was associated with the post-1960s "baby bust."

Given that there appears to be a systematic association..."

Abstract
The paper examines the article "Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Fat Mass in a Large Cohort of Children" that defines a proposed research study that would explore the association between physical activity and obesity in children. The paper explains that the study proposed in the article will determine the type(s) of physical activity that are most likely to be associated with a lean body mass as compared to an obese body mass. The paper explains further that this study will attempt to discern whether one of the causes of obesity is the lack of physical activity or whether eating more leads to a greater lack of physical activity.

From the Paper
"Many experts have acknowledged the fact that lack of physical activity in the lives of obese children could be a major factor in their condition. This study will attempt to further define exactly what type of physical activity is most likely to lead to lean body mass in children. Previous studies have had difficulty in providing this specific information, and in fact defining obesity itself is a rather difficult task as well, since, "as a person of above-average height may be 'carrying' a lot of fat or a lot of muscle." (Ness et al 2007 pg 484)"

Tags:body, mass, exercise

Abstract
It begins by examining the aging baby boom generation. It then focuses on their fashion shopping habits and desires and current efforts to market to them in the fashion retail sector. It concludes with a series of recommendations designed to increase retail fashion sales to the over 50 demographic cohort.

Abstract
A simple way of defining generational accounting is as follows: it entails "(assessing) the distributional implications of fiscal policy for different cohorts (via) estimating the present value of net tax payments (taxes paid less benefits received) over the lifetime of different generations under current tax and spending policies" (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, para.1). Thus, generational accounting essentially provides us with a glimpse of what some generations are putting into the system - and what they are getting back out of the system. In light of this, generational accounting is a wonderful tool for capturing what the future holds for America's social security benefits program; in short, what will happen to today's young people 30 or 40 years hence when they start to retire and start looking around for their own monthly pension? In particular, will those benefits that they have paid into for so many years still be there - or will they be long gone or greatly diminished because of the stresses produced by an aging society? This writer's contention is that the great impact of generational accounting upon this generation's prospective social security pension plan is that it will expose the looming "train-wreck" that awaits; at the same time, it affords us the opportunity to make the needed changes to entitlements (and to social policy) that may ward off disaster.

From the Paper
The Effects of Generational Accounting on the Future of This Generation's Social Security Pension: A Proposal Introduction A simple way of defining generational accounting is as follows: it entails "(assessing) the distributional implications of fiscal policy for different cohorts (via) estimating the present value of net tax payments (taxes paid less benefits received) over the lifetime of different generations under current tax and spending policies" (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, para.1). Thus, generational accounting essentially provides us with a glimpse of what some generations

Tags:generation, social, security

Abstract
This paper explains the characteristics and workplace management perceptions of four cohorts: Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. The author point out that awareness of what motivates each group is important; however, attaching too much importance to generational diversity can be dangerous. The paper stresses that, as younger generations become managers, they should acknowledge the experiences, resolve and loyalty of Traditionalists and the contributions, successes, importance to the organization and need for positive feedback of Boomers.

Table of Contents
Generations in Today's Workforce
Traditionalists
Baby Boomers
Generation X
Generation Y
Generational Perceptions of the Four Functions of Management
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
How to Bridge the Generation Gap
The Future of Management

From the Paper
"Who are these generations and why are they so different? While we understand that not every individual of a certain age fits neatly into one category, it is important to understand the broad generational characteristics and core values that affect how members of each generation perform in the workplace. Understanding the underlying influences and traits of the generational cohorts who occupy the boxes on the organizational charts will assist managers in knowing who they are hiring, how to motivate the individual, how to help the individual reach their personal goals, and prepare the next generations for leadership."

Tags:characteristics, traditionalist, boomer, younger, perceptions

Abstract
The paper discusses the use of cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, the case series, ecological studies, cross sectional studies and case-control studies. The paper provides a description of these study designs, including their uses, costs and outcomes.

From the Paper
"There are other studies, however, including the case series. The case series is the most basic kind of study that can be done, and it simply involves the researcher's description of an observed case. In other words, the patient's characteristics and presentation - the story that unfolds as the case is addressed - is all that is used (Goodman, Buehler, & Koplan, 1990). There is no control group, and there are no other patients that are observed. This kind of study is strictly about one specific patient and what he or she is doing at the time of study (Goodman, Buehler, & Koplan, 1990). The case is thoroughly described, though, so that it can be used to gain ideas and for reference in the future.
"This case series type of study has a large margin for error when it comes to bias, though, because it is easy for a researcher to misinterpret something that the patient is doing. Without a control group, this becomes more likely (Yehuda & McFarlane, 1995). The case can provide several plausible factors or scenarios, and the researcher will not know which one of them is correct. It becomes guesswork, which is generally not a good choice where science is concerned. The use of it is limited and should only be used for observation and reference in the monitoring of new patients who seem to have cases that are unusual."

Tags:cohort, randomized, controlled, trials, case, series

Abstract
This paper relates that epidemiology studies can be classified as either observational or experimental. The paper then lists the types of studies that make up observational studies as well as the types of studies that make up experimental studies. The paper then goes on to describe the most common types of studies used in epidemiological studies such as cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case-control studies.

From the Paper
"Cross-sectional studies are typically descriptive, and because they are quick and cost efficient, are used to measure the prevalence of a disease and assess the health of populations. They are used in studying rare exposures and rare diseases as it is convenient for measuring several exposures at once for trying to find the association between the risk factor and disease outcome. A cross-sectional study begins by choosing individuals to participate and then collecting data from primary sources, such as surveys, or secondary sources, such as medical records. When measuring risk factor and disease outcome, it is never easy to find "possible causative association" because exposure and effect are measured at the same time. It is for this reason that it remains unknown to whether disease or exposure came first and so an association between the both may remain uncertain. Also bias can occur which can alter the true values. "

Tags:cohort, cross-sectional, trials, case, control, observational

Abstract
This research conducts a thorough investigation into each generational cohort and identifies how each individual cohort interacts with another in order to bridge the gaps between them. The paper contends that, through mentorship from the top generation down, it will become the current managements' responsibility to insure the future of corporate America.

From the Paper
"With retirement for Baby Boomers being pushed to the right, Generation Xers existence of distrust and disloyalty to corporate America, and Millennials eagerness, yet appall to corporate rules and regulations, there exists a multitude of gaps within corporate America. There are also small remnants of those that established the corporate rules and regulations, known as an authority system, and built our present day workplace ethic, the Veteran Generation. To mind and manage these gaps, it has become apparent that proper motivation, generational cohort understanding, and renewed recruitment styles are required. Corporate America faces this challenge of binding together an amount of generations never before seen, and each of them are despairingly different, and it is for these reasons that management must come together to fill these gaps to gain a competitive advantage in this multigenerational marketplace.
"The Baby Boomers, unsure of their future as retirees, have held on longer to their upper management and empowered positions than those of their parents. This has caused a riff in the minds of Generation Xers, whom simply want to fill the shoes of their Baby Boomer generation counterparts and incorporate their ideas into the workplace, often ignored by their leadership. At the same time, Generation Xers are also concerned with keeping up with the technology savvy Millennials, whom are coming out of the college gates with new and creative ideas. The differences between these generations must be understood by management in order to create a successful and productive business. Additionally, each generation must understand the others intentions and objectives to fill the gaps and create a coherent work environment."

Tags:generation x, baby boomers, generation y, generation gaps, organizational behavior, organizational management

Abstract
This paper delves into the specific data that is unique to the baby boom generation, also called baby boomers. The paper explains that the objective of this research analysis is to better understand the behaviors, characteristics, lifestyles and demographics of the baby boomer generation ages 45 to 64. The paper highlights the unique characteristics of this consumer segment and provides perspectives on how this cohort is distinct from the broader overall adult population. In some instances, the paper features research that used younger and older baby boomer cohorts to show relativity. The paper concludes that understanding the traits and behaviors of baby boomers will provide the knowledge necessary to not only identify product and service needs, but will also provide the necessary insights for developing communication strategies. This paper contains illustrative data tables.

Outline:
Introduction
Demographics
Gender/Ethnicity
Education
Employment
Types of Employment
Income
Marital Status/Family
Home Size
Work, Leisure and Savings
Attitudes Towards Work and Family
Attitudes Towards Home Life
Attitudes Related to Health and Diet
Looking Good/Seeking Health Information
Hobbies/Interests
Travel
Influences on Attitude Formation
Media Usage
Product Usage/Shopping Behavior
Shopping Behavior
Purchase Incentives/Shopping Behavior/Spending Habits
Product Selection
Communication Strategies
Summary
References

From the Paper
"All boomers, especially females, think it is important to continually learn new things. They feel this is what keeps them young. They are not afraid of exercise, the Internet or changing technologies. Boomers are not known to easily give up and will try and try again to improve themselves. Boomers have strong ethical beliefs. They long for respect and they look at work not as a job, but as a career. They have a deep sense of pride in their families and accomplishments. Women are more apt to volunteer than men and women also seem to have a more practical outlook on life."

Tags:consumer, aging, stereotype, marketing

Abstract
This paper provides information for the Michigan State Police force to use in dealing with its current problem of recruiting and retaining men and women born between 1963 and 1981, a cohort that is commonly referred to as Generation X. The paper includes a review of the literature related to the recruitment and retention of Generation X members, which reveals several characteristics of this generation as people and as workers. In particular, it notes that, as people, when compared to baby boomers, this is a generation that saves more, marries and has children later, and desires more family time.

Contents:
Introduction
Background
The Problem and Supporting Evidence
Importance of the Problem
Purpose
Discussion: Recruiting and Retaining Gen X-ers
Recruitment
Organizational Changes
Conclusions
Recommendations

From the Paper
"Generation X-ers are more likely to be recruited by recruitment messages that detail the marketable skills they will learn from the position, emphasize mentoring, provide information about the knowledge they will learn, provide information related to salary and benefits, emphasize the notion of working as a member of a team, highlight the interesting and challenging aspects of the job, and make them feel that there will be a strong network of people offering them personal support as they undertake and learn proper job performance."

Tags:society, employment, family, work, career, human, resources, business