Abstract
This paper explains that knowledge, a kind of belief, deals with abstractions and concepts in the brain, which are possible only to conscious human beings and which is acquired through time, not something inborn such as instinctual actions. The author points out that verification or epistemology is necessary in achieving or claiming knowledge because human beings make mistakes. The paper relates that phenomenalists maintains that perception is the only existence and the perception is all that occurs; whereas, pragmatists consider only knowledge, which is important and solves certain problems amidst the constraints in the world and human objectives.

From the Paper
"Knowledge is propositional or factual if acquired only mentally or intellectually. A person can learn how to swim by reading about swimming but does not possess procedural knowledge until he performs the act. Michael Polanvi introduced the term tacit knowledge, which distinguishes the ability to do something from the ability to describe how to do it. Gilbert Ryle named the characteristics of knowledge through his aphorism, "efficient practice precedes the theory of it." The distinction is traced to Plato's use of the term techne or skill for knowledge of how and episteme for claims of truth or falsity."

Tags:representationalism, rationalism, coherentism, empiricism, foundationalists

Abstract
For the most part, epistemology is the theory of knowledge. In essence, it is a part of philosophy that deals ,not only with the mere concept of knowledge, but also with the nature, sources, and scope of knowledge. This paper presents an overview of the philosophy of epistemology and then looks specifically at Rene Descartes's Latin phrase. "COGITO ERGO SUM", which translates to "I think, therefore I am".

From the Paper
"Next, the terms " I am". These words tend to mean the necessary existence of Rene Descartes. "I" being Rene Descartes and "am" being the existence of Descartes. Through this a further analysis is made to the effect that the issue of what is "I am" is personalized by the person stating such words, so that in this case "I am" is Rene Descartes being the existence of Rene Descartes."

Tags:emerpicism, Foundationalism, Coherentism, metaphysics