Abstract
"This paper discusses cognitive, behavioral, and emotional, (psychodynamic) therapies. The paper further focuses on the relationship between the therapies, and research that indicates how they are connected, and how treatments can be effective in using each to treat the individual. This paper provides research, as well as conclusions that are supported by facts to demonstrate the correlation between these concepts.

From the Paper
"Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional therapies are considered the three main types of therapy used today in treating psychological problems in individuals. While each type of therapy involves its own patterns of treatment, as well as its own beliefs in what areas should be considered for treatment, these three types of therapy have corresponding elements that may serve in complimenting each other in the treatment process. Additionally, the research will indicate that there is a strong correlation between each of these types of therapy that is effective for every individual seeking treatment. The concept of cognitive therapy centers on the thought processes of the individual. In cognitive therapy the predominant idea is that the individual is taught throughout life to develop specific responses to events, crisis, or life that may be achieved because of incorrect assumptions, or triggered by the recall of past experiences ("Depression"). "

Tags:cognitive, behavioral, emotional

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents the topic of cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance abuse treatment. The writer notes that the major concepts of the theory are applied to a case study.

From the Paper
"The following presents the topic of cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance abuse treatment. Major concepts of the theory are applied to a case study. Information from peer-reviewed articles is used to support the assumptions and theory in this case study. Multicultural perspectives are included in the theory. The specific case study includes a Native-American with substance abuse issues."

Tags:Cognitive-Behavioral, Therapy, Substance Abuse, Treatment

Abstract
This paper argues in favor of a combination of quantitative and qualitative data when evaluating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs. Qualitative research methods are presented in the essay, including self-report questionnaires and rating scales, observational measures and interviewing. This is followed by a discussion on quantitative methods, which include meta-analysis and control groups. The qualitative methods focus mainly on the research methods of CBT in clinical practice, while the quantitative methods investigate the research methods of CBT in theory. Various approaches to evaluating CBT and issues arising from these methods are examined in the paper in order to encourage therapists to evaluate CBT program with extreme care.

Outline:
Single-case Experimental Designs (SCEDs
Qualitative Evaluation
Self-Report Questionnaires and Rating Scales
Observational Measures
Time Sampling
Self-Observation
Interviewing
Quantitative Evaluation
Meta-Analysis
Control Groups
Conclusions
References
Table 1
Questionnaires Frequently used in CBT
Table 2
Types of Control Group Used in CBT Outcome Studies.

From the Paper
"In a many Counselling and Psychotherapy studies, research is often conducted through qualitative evaluation (attempts to assess what kind of change has occurred), rather than with quantitative methods, (deciding how much change has occurred). Conversely, CBT has, until quite recently, been dominated by the latter consideration (Ward, et al., 2000). At various points in this essay I will argue for a combination of quantitative and qualitative data as the sensible basis of evaluation for example with single-case experimental designs. Qualitative research methods discussed in this essay are: self-report questionnaires and rating scales, observational measures and interviewing, this is followed by a discussion on quantitative methods, which will include meta-analysis and control groups. The qualitative methods dealt with in this essay will focus mainly on the research methods of CBT in clinical practise, while the quantitative methods will investigate primarily the research methods of CBT in theory. Various methods of evaluating CBT and issues arising from these methods will be handled in this essay to emphasize the need for therapists to choose methods of evaluating CBT programmes with extreme care."

Tags:cognitive, behavioral, therapy, CBT, clinical, practice, theory, measures

Abstract
The paper discusses how while psychoanalytic therapy has been relegated to less and less clinical application in favor of cognitive behavioral therapy, the former represents an endeavor to establish a deeper, all-inclusive explanation of the workings of the human psyche - a depth which cognitive-behaviorism apparently lacks. In spite of this, the paper admits that different applications of cognitive behavioral therapy remain effective first-line or adjunct treatments for a majority of psychological and psychiatric disorders alike.

From the Paper
"Psychotherapy has undergone many developmental changes over the past decades. These changes in clinical psychology are represented by the rise of two main schools upon which clinical psychotherapies over the years are founded: psychoanalytic theory and cognitive-behaviorism. Psychoanalytic theory was first developed by Sigmund Freud and extensively modified by other theorists such as Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan, among many others. Psychoanalytic theory was heavily influenced by the Darwinian ideas of the 19th century, where..."

Tags:cognitive, psychoanalytic, therapy

Abstract
This paper critiques a study to determine clinical efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IRB) in hospital-based outpatients. The paper discusses patient selection, variables and results.

From the Paper
"The purpose of the study was to determine clinical efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IRB) in hospital-based outpatient patients. An experimental study with IBS patients referred by physicians was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to CBGT or SMTC treatment groups..."

Tags:CBGT, IRB, patients, hospital, cognitive-heavioral, group therapy

Abstract
This paper reviews a study that explored the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and the school success of students with anxiety disorders. The author presented the study's hypothesis and methodology. The paper also detailed the population that was used for the study. Finally the reviewer gave the conclusions of the study, which showed that CBT therapy over time will decrease overall anxiety in school children.

Outline:
Research Question
Hypothesis
Methodology
Sample
Results/Findings
Conclusion
Overall Effectiveness
Source Used

From the Paper
"Finally, the sample size creates limitations on the generability of the results. Although the results did have overwhelming numbers, a sample size of 38 is inadequate to appropriate to other populations. However, it does raise awareness for educators and parents alike that school and social problems may have a root with an anxiety disorder and that it should not be discounted before an official diagnosis can discount such a cause."

Tags:cognitive, beharioral, therapy, school, success, anxiety, disorders

Abstract
The paper describes the situation of Ms. Rivera, a forty-two-year old Hispanic single mother who was struggling with high levels of stress from being a parent and a caretaker of an elderly mother. The paper explains how cognitive behavioral therapy involves uncovering unrealistic and unproductive thoughts on the part of the client that produce negative and self-subverting behavioral patterns. The paper then looks at the application of cognitive behavioral therapy to this case and offers examples of the types of probing questions that would help in lessening the stress and guilt Ms. Rivera felt about caring for her home and her mother. The paper also shows how lessening Ms. Rivera's stresses improved her eating patterns.

From the Paper
"Ms. Rivera is a forty-two-year old Hispanic single mother who has taken on the responsibilities of caring for her two teenage children and elderly mother with virtually no outside economic aid and who has no emotional support structures in her own life. She works a part-time job at a local supermarket with few promotional possibilities. She sought counseling for two basic issues: the high levels of stress in her life, and her difficulty in maintaining a healthy weight. Ms. Rivera said she often ate because of the high levels of stress and responsibilities she was coping with as a parent and a caretaker of an elderly individual."

Tags:thoughts, behavior, goals

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed examination of some newer applications of cognitive behavioral therapy, including the treatment of psychosis. The paper notes that a few years ago, most psychologists and psychiatrists were pessimistic about the possibility of helping psychotic patients other than by drug treatment. When applied to psychosis, the paper explains, cognitive therapy (CT) is based on the same principles that apply for standard cognitive therapy for emotional disorders. The paper also discusses the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating alcohol dependence, particularly in the elderly. The paper concludes that future directions should also include a consideration of the possible side-effects of cognitive therapy. Normalizing cognitive therapy hopefully minimizes side-effects, but problems such as stigmatization, pathologizing the variety of human experience and increased short-term distress remain possibilities.

Outline:
Question 1
Introduction
Trauma-Based Strategies
Behavioural Reattribution
Behavioural Experiments
Treatment Phases
Conclusion
Question 2
Treatment of Alcohol Misuse
Studies of Moderation-Orientated Treatment
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Behavioural experiments are central to effective CT for psychosis. Beliefs about voices and delusional ideas are frequently translatable into testable hypotheses that can be collaboratively investigated by patient and therapist. Behavioural experiments should be designed very carefully to ensure a 'no-lose' outcome (Wessler, 1986). Predictions should be stated in a concrete way, and the possible results should be reviewed in advance to ensure that the outcome is meaningful and will not be dismissed or accommodated within the problematic belief system. Examples of behavioural experiments include the use of activity scheduling to evaluate beliefs about the consequences of activity or the lack of pleasure (which can be helpful for negative symptoms) or exposure to feared situations in order to evaluate beliefs about voices or paranoid ideas (Wessler, 1986)."

Tags:alcoholic, psychotic, substance, elderly

Abstract
This paper discusses how, with nicotine addiction and interventions aimed a smoking cessation, cognitive and behavioral strategies must recognize the degree of physiological and psychological addiction that impact on smoking cessation. It looks at how cognitive-behavioral therapy can be highly effective, but normally must be used in combination with pharmacotherapy and an adequate social support. The paper also looks at how quitting smoking is a matter of attempting to overcome a complex and addictive behavior which is shaped by potent physical, social, and emotional considerations.

From the Paper
"Walsh and Redman (1997) were concerned with women's cessation of smoking during pregnancy. The control group received health education related to the benefits of quitting smoking. The experimental group was given standard risk information and four packets of gum. An incentive in the form of a monetary prize was offered, and social support was ensured by a friend. Because of the reinforcement provided by the incentive, the rates of quitting proved to be much higher among the experimental group, and were just the same as if extensive health education had been made available. However, the disadvantage of the experimental group was related to cost since the incentives involved far more money than was required by the control group. "

Tags:nicotine, addiction

Abstract
"Couch potato (cp)" behavior is operationally defined as sitting and watching TV. The goal of the program presented in this paper is to modify this behavior towards participation in an exercise program. A self-observation log demonstrates "couch potato" behavioral antecedents, an operational definition of the target behavior and behavioral consequences. Cognitive-behavioral modification is discussed and the program is stated. Effectiveness of the intervention is then discussed.

From the Paper
"Week one would consist of new thoughts such as "TV is not the only way to relax, this is a lie, the truth is that TV is contributing to my fatigue." Positive affirmations were to be employed as immediate and continuous reinforcements, such as "I'm feeling better each day with my new activities. I'm doing a great job." TV watching was to be cut down to half hour periods per week day and two hour periods for weekend days. Stimulus control was employed and junk foods were to be removed from the premises to avoid visual cues leading to poor eating behaviors. New foods were to be purchased, such as fruit juice in place of alcoholic beverages, nuts and fruits in place of chips; actual changes in meals would be dealt with later. Lifestyle changes for the first week would include using the stairs at work and school instead of the elevator, since walking up stairs is found to burn twice the calories of jogging behavior and it would serve as an aerobic exercise activity."

Tags:self-monitoring, Schemata