Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the poems "Singapore" by Mary Oliver and "In Creve Coeur' by Rosanna Warren. According to the paper, the overall theme of "Singapore" expresses the "excesses of civilization" through a narrative which describes an airport housekeeper or maid caught washing metal ashtrays in the bowl of a toilet in an airport stall. The paper also reports that the tone of Warren's poem is one of death, symbolized by the unconscious baby taken from a burning house by a fireman.

From the Paper
"The imagery in this poem is quite similar to that found in "Singapore." First of all, the focus is upon a fireman of Creve Coeur who is photographed by the narrator ("an amateur photographer") as he brings the lifeless and naked body of a baby from a burning house. Oliver compares this baby to laundry "pulled too soon from the line," meaning that like wet clothes, the baby is limp and rag-like ("rag of body"). The image of the baby cuddled in the arms of the fireman is a "huge, dark, crumpled embrace" and the baby itself, although unconscious, presses its "doll-like fist" to the chest of the fireman. "

Tags:imagery, fireman, baby, symbols, pattern, contrast, narrator, nature, beauty, toilet

Abstract
This paper describes the resort community of Coeur D'Alene and the opportunities available for people wishing to relocate to this area.

Outline:
Overview
Ethnicity in Coeur D'Alene
Education
Outlook

From the Paper
"As settlers began making Coeur D'Alene home during the 1800's, whites were the predominant race. After the discovery of gold and silver, immigrants of Irish, German, and Swedish decent settled the surrounding communities of towns such as; Coeur D'Alene, Kellogg, Wallace, and St. Maries. The mining industry flourished and along with mining, logging and ranching became trades of the settlers also. Currently, these communities are holding onto tradition, but transitioning into resort communities with a firm grip on the future for growth by providing business opportunity for industry to relocate to the 'Right to Work' state. In doing so, it's provided opportunity for building contractors in the construction trade to relocate to the pristine communities of North Idaho to seek their fortune, as Miners did in the 1800's. During this community's transition from the historical past to the future in terms of industry, we are facing substantial growth."

Tags:population, census, construction, trade

Abstract
This paper discusses Julian Barnes' novel, "Flaubert's Parrot," whose narrator and protagonist, Dr. Geoffrey Braithwaite, is trying to find out which of the parrots that were known to Flaubert may have been owned by him or inspired his novel "Un Coeur Simple." The writer examines Barnes' postmodern mode of biographical metafiction, and some of Barnes' themes, such as the unreliability of memory and recorded history, and the problems of literary criticism. By the end of the book, Braithwaite comes to accept the impossibility of ever knowing fully which bird, if any, actually sat on Flaubert's desk. The paper shows how he comes to this conclusion in part through his confessions about his wife's affairs. Through Braithwaite's attempts to solve the parrot mystery, Barnes allows the reader to recognize there is no solid truth about the past, and the paper concludes that the fact that at the end of the book there is no answer at all demonstrates that it is metafiction.

From the Paper
" Braithwaite explains the reason why he hates critics: His anger here seems to be about Dr. Enid Starkie, however "the irritation isn't with Dr. Starkie;" "but with Flaubert" (FP 81) as stated. Braithwaite is shocked by Dr. Starkie's claim that Flaubert was inconsistent in describing the eyes of Madame Bovary's protagonist. Starkie has claimed that the parrots are described as brown, black and blue. Braithwaite here notices another inconsistency by Flaubert: Emma Bovary's eyes had the quality of shifting colour. Braithwaite asserts that readers are usually unable to realize an author's small errors or inconsistencies; they rather focus on the overall effect of the work."

Tags:objectivity, dilemma, Loulou, critique, chronology, mystery, Camus, Sartre, subjective

Abstract
Richard I of England (1157-1199), whose inspiring courage in battle earned him the titled "Coeur de Lion" or "the Lion-hearted," took control of the Third Crusade and became one of the greatest military leaders of medieval Europe. This paper talks about his early life, his military feats, key facts, and his death.

From the Paper
"With Acre under his control, Richard marched towards the Holy City to free it from the Muslim sultan who had captured it in 1187, Saladin. During the course of this march, Richard demonstrated his abilities as a logistician and strategist for military. He marched his troops along the coast, allowing his fleet of ships to parallel them and provide supplies whenever they were necessary. He did not allow his troops to chase the small Muslim groups who bothered them. The king knew that their plan was for his troops to fall into a Muslim ambush. Having ignored the Muslim till September 7, Richard decided to turn his entire army of around fifty thousand against Arsuf. He had an astounding victory here, as he killed seven thousand while only losing seven hundred."

Tags:Eleanor, of, Aquitaine, Saladin, Jerusalem

Abstract
This paper provides three essays that answers questions related to American-Indian culture as illustrated in three works: Sherman Alexie's "The Business of Fancydancing;" Jaime de Angulo's "Indian Tales;" and Tony Hillerman's "People of Darkness."

From the Paper
""Indian Tales", "People of Darkness" and the poems and stories in "The Business of Fancydancing" provide us with fiction focusing on American Indians and their way of life. In doing so, they open the world of the American Indian to us in a much more engaging way than scholarly and factual articles on Indian culture. Though such articles often provide factual information on American Indian culture in fiction like these three books, we are able to become more enmeshed in the American Indian way of thinking..."

Tags:Navajo, Coeur D'Alene, reservations, alcoholism, culture, magical realism, mysticism, nature, religion

Abstract
Structuration is the novel concept that culture creates structure even while structure sets the parameters within which a culture can work. This paper shows that the plot of the movie "Smoke Signals", directed by Chris Eyre, gives us a perfect set of circumstances in which to demonstrate the sociological concept of structuration in action. The paper begins by explaining what exactly structuration is and then proceeds through the plot of "Smoke Signals", pointing out social interactions among the characters in the movie and explaining what it is about those social interactions that demonstrate structuration.

From the Paper
"Now that they have set the structural parameters that they are Indian and therefore not American, it inhibits their abilities to thoroughly interact with Americans. They can't get their seats back on the bus because they cannot talk to the white people on the bus as if they are equals. There is an obvious lack of real communication because they can't see past the "whiteness" of the men, where the men can only see the "Indianness" of Victor and Thomas. As one of the men put it, "So why don't you and Super Injun over there find some other place to have a powwow, okay?" and Thomas of course complains that the cowboys always win. Thomas and Victor don't even attempt to reason with the men because they know (or believe) it would be a fruitless endeavor."

Tags:Coeur, d?Alene, native