Abstract
This paper examines research about coerced-internalized false confessions, which occur when innocent suspects actually believe that he or she is guilty of the crime; many of which are the result of police interrogation in which deceptive and deceitful practices may be used and accepted by the judicial system. The author points out that the article "The Social Psychology of False Confessions" tested the hypothesis that the presentation of false evidence can lead individuals who are vulnerable to confess to an act, which they did not commit, and, more important, to internalize the confession and perhaps confabulate details in memory consistent with that new belief. The paper relates that the researchers used an experimental method, which the paper describes, and concludes that this experiment was well-executed and well-reported.

From the Paper
"There were two independent variables in this experiment. First, the subject's level of vulnerability was manipulated by varying the pace of the task. Therefore, the confederate read at either a fast or slow pace. Second, the experimenters varied the use of false incrimination evidence. The confederates either "witnessed" or acknowledged the mistake or some confederates did not "witness", or see the subject touch the ALT key. The dependent variable was the confessions. Three forms of social influence were evaluated: compliance, internalization, and confabulation. To assess compliance, the experimenter handwrote a confession and asked the subject to sign it. "

Tags:coerced-internalized, variables, methodology, vulnerability, witness

Abstract
This paper first explores the approach of liberals and realists to global U.S. leadership and argues that the tenets of liberalism are the only choice in a world that has become increasingly unified in political, economic and social aspects. The paper then analyzes how liberals and realists view international organizations in order to examine their effectiveness. The focus of the paper is on U.S. relations with China and North Korea and explores the best course of action for the U.S. and ultimate solutions to the problems with these countries. In conclusion, the paper maintains that if we stopped trying to coerce other nations to follow our lead and instead gave them the tools to do so themselves, we would all benefit. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"In modern political theory, proponents such as Michael Doyle and Robert Keohane tout the ideals of liberalism (Mingst 9). Liberals feel that states will enjoy increased cooperation as liberal values spread. Contemporary liberal political philosophy has three main branches, each of which examines the liberal policy from a different standpoint: economy, democracy, and cooperation.
"All of these liberal theories believe that international cooperation is a possible, even viable, goal. From the advocates of the economic standpoint, multinational economic cooperation is the key to peace. For example, the countries of the EC have complete economic interdependence--from this perspective, this economic reliance will discourage these nations from warfare as it would threaten their comprehensive financial prosperity. The democratic advocates aver, along the Wilsonian model, that states that hold to democratic policies and ideals are inherently more peaceful than their authoritarian counterparts. Still other liberal scholars consider the efficacy of international cooperation through institutions such as the IEA and the IMF. Regardless of the particular idiom they follow, most liberals' inherent goal is that of global prosperity and communication through the twin tools of democracy and liberal ideals."

Tags:liberalism, realism, United, Nations, intervention, isolationism

Abstract
The paper discusses how international law is divided into two types; public international law and private international law. The paper explains that public international law governs the relationship among countries, among nongovernmental organizations across boundaries. The paper questions why there must be a need for international laws and explains that the answers can be found in how countries and states respect international laws and their dealings with other countries. The paper discusses how the motivating reason prompting states to comply with international laws is somewhat similar to why citizens of a country abide by those laws. The paper explains that citizens respect the law because most want to avoid conflicts that can be costly and may result in the loss of freedoms. Indeed, the paper argues that governments will pursue to the limits of the law citizens and/or visitors who flaunt the laws in force, and, governments exert force amongst themselves using international laws to curtail lawlessness and set an example to others who may be involved in unlawful acts or considering doing so.

From the Paper
"International law is divided into two types; public international law and private international law. Public international law governs the relationship among countries, among nongovernmental organizations across boundaries. Why must there be a need for international laws? The answers - and there are many - can be found in how countries and states respect international laws and their dealings with other countries. The motivating reason..."

Tags:international, law, essay

Abstract
This paper examines Starbucks Coffee's move into the international market. The paper first describes the franchise's products and success in the United States. It then goes on to describe the challenges Starbucks faces now that it has taken on a global scope. The company's strategy was to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected coffee retailer in the world. The author compares and contrasts Starbuck's success in various international markets, including Japan and Europe.

Outline:
Strategies for International Expansion
Problems for Starbucks on the International Side
Future Outlook for Starbucks Internationally
Table 1 - Starbuck's International Presence
Appendix A
Appendix B International Market Risks

From the Paper
"Since 1987, Starbucks has transformed itself from a modest nine-store operation in the Pacific Northwest into a powerhouse multinational enterprise with 7,225 store locations, including some 1,600 stores in 30 foreign countries. During Starbucks' early years, when coffee was a 50-cent morning habit at local diners and fast-food establishments, skeptics had ridiculed the notion of $3 coffee as a yuppie fad. The popularity of Starbucks' Italian-style coffees, espresso beverages, teas, and pastries has made Starbucks one of the great retailing stories of recent history and the world's biggest specialty coffee chain. In 2003, Starbucks made the Fortune 500, prompting Schultz to remark, "It would be arrogant to sit here and say that 10 years ago we thought we would be on the Fortune 500. But we dreamed from day one and we dreamed big." "

Tags:starbucks, coffee, chains, franchise, international

Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that the modern world is characterized by greater contact and interaction between nations. With this in mind, the author examines the role of international law in the modern world. He continues and contends that at the same time the contemporary world is also a place of greater complexity and competition for scarce resources, as well as increasing conflict. The writer contends that international law must face extremely difficult and complex situations in maintaining the ideals of peace and order and that there are areas where international law is virtually powerless whilst there are others where the role of international law has been very effective. The paper concludes that, as the world grows more complex and as the danger to peace and human equality intensifies, the need for a strong and well-supported system of international law increases as well.

From the Paper
"However, many of these high ideals have not yet been accomplished in the present century. In fact, international law has failed to a certain extent, particularly in the area of international conflict. One of the central problems that International law faces is the usurpation of its objectivity and impartiality by the politics and agendas of 'superpowers" or influential countries. This can be seen for example in the events leading up to the recent Iraq war. In this case, the position held by international law, as defined by the United Nations, was overruled by the United States. Therefore, the standing of international law has been reduced in many cases by the complexity of international politics and the often convoluted and intricate views and agendas of influential countries like the United States, the Soviet Union and China. This has played a major part in the effectiveness of international law in recent years. This aspect has also curtailed the ability of international law to deal with the various complex conflicts and issues in the world, such as the conflict in Darfur."

Tags:conflict global nation superpowers, united nations, international peace equality

Abstract
The paper compares the 19th century capital markets, whose stability resulted from the trust in the gold standard, with capital markets today, which provide the means to raise capital for all ventures. The paper notes that investments in the products available in the capital markets help generate funds and stabilize interest rates and are an indicator of the status of the economy. The paper further notes that, unlike the colonial past, the modern economies that are developing need special care regarding the effects of the capital on states labor. In comparison with the 19th century market which was good, the present international capital market is in chaos. The paper concludes that while the modern international capital markets has great problems, it is unique to the present, and cannot be compared to the economy that was based on a colonial world, although some economic features seem to be common in both

Outline:
Introduction
International Capital Market in the Nineteenth Century
Transition from the Old to the New
The Post War Economy and Globalization
International Capital Market - Analysis
Globalization and the International Capital Market
Comparison of both the Markets
Conclusion

From the Paper
"During the depression of 1920 and the Second World War, the system collapsed. Post war activity was more in direct investment and the United States has emerged as a more powerful player. The post war scenario witnessed the entire capital surplus of the nineteenth and twentieth century evaporates. The capital market has come back to the operative state ever since 1972 and is growing to the state it was in the nineteenth century. The amount of capital flow in the globe in the nineteenth century shows that the market was well organized at that period. The capital market integration was also taking place within the countries that participated during the period. (O'Rourke H; Williamson, 1999) "The integration of capital markets is usually tested with an interest rate arbitrage model even though much different financial assets must be compared."

Tags:international, financial, system, standard, rates, globalization, price, differentials

Abstract
This paper examines the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II by comparing this action with the freedom experienced by German-Americans during the same period. The author questions the inherent racism of Americans that enabled such an occurrence to be legally sanctioned, while German-Americans lived their lives freely, although Hitler and Germany were also enemies of America during World War II. The paper then presents a detailed background of the Japanese immigrant experience in America, contrasting this with the American ideal of freedom and the reality of racism. The experiences of African and Native-Americans are also considered. The paper then describes the actual Japanese internment, which was unprecedented event in American history. The paper further states how the Internment still has an effect on the psyche of the Japanese-American population today. The author concludes that the internment of Japanese-Americans during the Second World War was one of the great tragedies of American history.

Outline:
Introduction
Background: The Japanese Experience in America
Prejudice Unleashed: The Internment Experience
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Naturally, the situation was worse the further removed from the Anglo-Saxon ideal a group might chance to be. After the Civil War, the newly reunited nation demanded a huge supply of cheap labor to build its rapidly expanding railroad network. In the West, this labor was provided, to a large extent, by settlers from Japan and China. Labor Contractors, generally Japanese or Chinese themselves actively recruited these workers and brought them to America. They helped to lay the foundations of America's industrial prosperity. White American racial attitudes combined with a nationwide railroad strike in 1877 to create the necessary conditions for a crackdown on Asian immigration. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was soon followed by other, stricter acts, in 1892, 1902, and 1904. And as White America saw little, if any difference, between Japanese and any other Asians, the anti-Chinese immigration laws were followed by a Japanese Exclusion Act in 1907. By 1924, the United States had imposed an almost total ban on all immigration from East Asia, ..."

Tags:Japanese-Americans, internment, World, War, II, immigrant, experiences

Abstract
This paper considers how international institutions in general and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in particular, are used in the international economy to stabilize economies. The paper also evaluates the criticism leveled at the IMF in recent years.

From the Paper
"Today's economies are linked on a global level. For example consumers in the United States purchase computers manufactured in Japan and receive service assistance from call centers based in India ..."

Tags:IMF, international finance, international economics

Abstract
This paper discusses whether or not Quaccess should move to adopt international accounting standards. It considers the role of financial statements and international implications. The author concludes that American firms should wait and see before moving toward adopting international standards.

From the Paper
"Accounting is sometimes referred to as the language of business. Financial statements and accounting pronouncements are used by stakeholders in organizations-shareholders employees creditors ..."

Tags:Quaccess, accounting standards, international accounting standards, financial statements, balance sheet, income statement, IAS, IFRS, FAR, international financial reporting standards

Abstract
Since the end of the Second World War, the number of international bodies dedicated to maintaining peace a general rule of law among nations has grown exponentially. This paper examines one of the more prominent of these international bodies, namely the International Court of Justice, and look at its history, organizational structure and duties in an effort to ascertain its role within the modern international system. The paper also reviews the key historical cases, treaties and current activities of the court inasmuch as these items have and will continue to shape the court far in the future.

Tags:international, court, justice